皖南和皖北城市地质调查比较——以黄山市、淮北市为例

以黄山市和淮北市为例,对皖南和皖北城市自然地理、社会经济、地质背景、主要城市地质问题、城市地质调查内容进行比较,认为黄山市和淮北市是安徽省南部和北部城市的典型代表,其城市地质调查主要目的、方法手段相同,侧重点应当根据城市地质背景特征和发展需要有所不同,对今后皖南和皖北地区其他城市开展此项工作具有借鉴意义.     

Prevalence and distribution of fecal indicator organisms in South Florida beach sand and preliminary assessment of health effects associated with beach sand exposure

Fecal indicator levels in nearshore waters of South Florida are routinely monitored to assess microbial contamination at recreational beaches. However, samples of sand from the surf zone and upper beach are not monitored which is surprising since sand may accumulate and harbor fecal-derived organisms. This study examined the prevalence of fecal indicator organisms in tidally-affected beach sand and in upper beach sand and compared these counts to levels in the water. Since indicator organisms were statistically elevated in sand relative to water, the study also considered the potential health risks associated with beach use and exposure to sand. Fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, enterococci, somatic coliphages, and F(+)-specific coliphages were enumerated from sand and water at three South Florida beaches (Ft. Lauderdale Beach, Hollywood Beach, and Hobie Beach) over a 2-year period. Bacteria were consistently more concentrated in 100g samples of beach sand (2-23 fold in wet sand and 30-460 fold in dry sand) compared to 100ml samples of water. Somatic coliphages were commonly recovered from both sand and water while F(+)-specific coliphages were less commonly detected. Seeding experiments revealed that a single specimen of gull feces significantly influenced enterococci levels in some 3.1m(2) of beach sand. Examination of beach sand on a micro-spatial scale demonstrated that the variation in enterococci density over short distances was considerable. Results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that the physical and chemical parameters monitored in this study could only minimally account for the variation observed in indicator densities. A pilot epidemiological study was conducted to examine whether the length of exposure to beach water and sand could be correlated with health risk. Logistic regression analysis results provided preliminary evidence that time spent in the wet sand and time spent in the water were associated with a dose-dependent increase in gastrointestinal illness.     

An evaluation of conditioning data for solute transport prediction

The large and diverse body of subsurface characterization data generated at a field research site near Oyster, Virginia, provides a unique opportunity to test the impact of conditioning data of various types on predictions of flow and transport. Bromide breakthrough curves (BTCs) were measured during a forced-gradient local-scale injection experiment conducted in 1999. Observed BTCs are available at 140 sampling points in a three-dimensional array within the transport domain. A detailed three-dimensional numerical model is used to simulate breakthrough curves at the same locations as the observed BTCs under varying assumptions regarding the character of hydraulic conductivity spatial distributions, and variable amounts and types of conditioning data. We present comparative results of six cases ranging from simple (deterministic homogeneous models) to complex (stochastic indicator simulation conditioned to cross-borehole geophysical observations). Quantitative measures of model goodness-of-fit are presented. The results show that conditioning to a large number of small-scale measurements does not significantly improve model predictions, and may lead to biased or overly confident predictions. However, conditioning to geophysical interpretations with larger spatial support significantly improves the accuracy and precision of model predictions. In all cases, the effects of model error appear to be significant in relation to parameter uncertainty.     

cDNA cloning and expression of a cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) gene from the hermaphroditic fish Rivulus marmoratus

We previously described the genomic structure of the cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) gene from the hermaphroditic fish Rivulus marmoratus [Kim, I.-C., Kim, Y.J., Yoon, Y.-D, Kawamura, S., Lee, Y.-S., Lee, J.-S., 2004a. Cloning of cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) genes from the hermaphroditic fish Rivulus marmoratus and the Japanese medaka Oryzias latipes. Mar. Environ. Res. 58, 125–129]. To further characterize R. marmoratus CYP1A, we cloned the cDNA sequence of a CYP1A gene from this species and also expressed its recombinant protein in an E. coli system. We exposed R. marmoratus to 4-nonylphenol, and found a small induction of CYP1A mRNA in the treated animals. In this paper, we discuss the characteristics of R. marmoratus CYP1A gene as well as its potential use in a biomonitoring assay.     

《岩矿测试》投稿简则

《岩矿测试》杂志由中国地质学会岩矿测试专业委员会和国家地质实验测试中心共同主办 ,各省地勘局中心实验室协办 ,是反映分析测试技术的专业性科技期刊 (ＩＳＳＮ 0 2 54- 5357,ＣＯＤＥＮ码ＹＡＣＥＤＪ ,国内统一刊号ＣＮ 1 1 - 2 1 31 /ＴＤ)。主要报道国内与岩矿测试及分析科学相关的新技术、新方法、新理论和新设备等研究成果、动态、展望和评述以及有关实践经验 ,突出服务于地质科学和地质找矿事业 ,促进岩矿测试技术的发展。1　栏目及字数本刊设有研究报告及简报、实验技术与装置、综述、分析仪器研制、分析技术开发、新知识新技术…     

安徽省水工环地质工作未来发展的几点思考

水工环地质工作是为国民经济发展和社会服务的一项基础性地质工作,面对生态文明强省建设的需要,水工环地质工作的服务能力和服务水平仍显不足。在分析安徽省水工环地质工作现状的基础上,针对存在的一些问题,提出了未来发展的几点建议。