用铅同位素示踪长春环境铅污染的来源

本文用铅同位素示踪了近几年长春市主要公路两旁交通环境中铅污染的来源及燃煤对周围土壤的污染,由此说明长春市属“尾气型”铅污染的城市,并论述了环境铅污染对人体健康的危害。     

容量法测定铅丹中四氧化三铅

实验了用4mol/LHNO3浸取分离铅丹中的PbO,然后在pH5.7的HAc NaAc缓冲溶液中,加入抗坏血酸,浸取铅丹中的PbO2,并用EDTA标准溶液滴定,再计算出Pb3O4的含量。方法用于w(Pb3O4)为34.22%的铅丹样品测定,结果与外检结果一致,5次测定的RSD<0.2%。     

中国某些金属矿床矿石铅来源的铅同位素诠释

在矿质来源研究中,铅同位素组成作为一种有效手段,已应用于几乎所有的金属甚至非金属矿床,起到了重要的作用。随着矿床地球化学研究所的不断深入,一个矿床的矿质来源已不能简单地说来自地球的某个圈层,需要把矿质来源定位到矿区某个具体的岩体或层位,这样才具有实际意义,这样才具有实际意义。本文采取矿石、岩浆岩、地层及基底铅同位素对比的方法研究了４种矿床类型中９个金属矿床铅的来源。结果表明,与岩浆活动有关的夕卡岩     

新疆石河子城区道路尘土的铅污染和铅同位素示踪研究

城市道路尘土中重金属污染已成为当前重大的环境问题之一.本文对我国西部石河子市城区道路尘土的重金属污染进行评价,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定铅的含量及铅同位素组成,采用地积累指数法评价铅的污染程度.结果显示,石河子市城区道路尘土中重金属铅的含量范围为19.36 ～ 84.63 mg/kg,平均含量为37.85 mg/kg,高于当地土壤背景值,但明显低于我国其他大中型城市,表明当前石河子市的环境质量已经受到人为活动的干扰;尘土中铅的地积累指数在-0.59～1.54之间,平均值为0.30,属于轻度污染水平.利用铅同位素示踪法识别铅污染的来源,206pb/207Pb比值的范围是1.159 ～ 1.182,208 pb/207 Pb比值的范围是2.391 ～2.457,均接近于煤炭和建筑材料的铅同位素比值,初步判断石河子道路尘土的铅污染主要受到煤炭燃烧和城市建设的影响.     

四川乌依铅矿床成矿物质来源:硫、铅同位素和方铅矿稀土元素地球化学制约

四川布托县乌依铅矿床是川滇黔相邻区赋存于奥陶系大箐组地层中的典型密西西比河谷型矿床之一,其成矿物质来源仍不清楚。本文开展了方铅矿和石膏硫同位素及方铅矿稀土元素地球化学研究,获得方铅矿硫同位素δ~(34)S平均值为-4.04‰(n=31),石膏δ~(34)S平均值为29‰(n=15)。方铅矿稀土元素地球化学表明,轻稀土富集,重稀土明显亏损,稀土配分模式曲线大致向右倾,Eu正异常和Ce负异常。结合前人的硫、铅同位素数据,认为乌依铅矿床硫来源于细菌还原地层中硫酸盐所产生的硫,矿石铅来自上地壳,成矿物质来源为奥陶系大箐组,与峨眉山玄武岩无关。     

铅同位素示踪方法应用于考古研究的进展

应用Pb同位素示踪方法对中国青铜时代考古遗址出土青铜器进行研究，在商代青铜器中发现很多器物含有十分罕见的高放射成因铅；将从黄河流域到长江流域出土含高放射成因铅青铜器的这些商代遗址串联起来，可以得到一条“青铜之路”——青铜业所需金属原料以及青铜制品的流通路线。     

青海玛温根矿区氧化铅银矿工艺矿物学特性及分析研究

结合光学显微镜鉴定、扫描电镜、X射线能谱探针、筛析等技术手段,系统研究了青海省玛温根矿区产出的有代表性的氧化铅矿石的工艺矿物学特征。结果表明:矿石主要有价元素是Pb(2. 76%)和Ag(204. 4×10-6);矿石中铅的赋存状态较复杂,主要赋存于铅铁矾等难溶铅中,其次赋存于氧化铅、硫酸铅中,矿石中的铅矿物主要是铅矾、白铅矿、砷铅铁矾,少量方铅矿、砷铅矿等;银的赋存状态亦较为复杂,独立银矿物为硫铜银矿,含量甚微,部分银呈类质同像赋存于其他的金属硫化物中。通过偏光显微镜和扫描电镜分析发现,主要的铅矿物如铅矾、白铅矿等相互交代连生现象明显,且嵌布粒度细小,这与筛析检测结果相一致,同时矿石中As含量较高,达到了5. 43%,含砷矿物主要为毒砂、臭葱石,经X射线能谱分析,部分铅矿物与砷元素关系密切,并形成了砷铅铁矾、砷铅矿等复杂砷铅矿物。所以预测在选矿过程中,砷会随铅矿物同步富集,银的独立银矿物主要是硫铜银矿,且嵌布粒度微细,大部分银矿物以微细粒包裹态赋存于石英、褐铁矿等硅酸盐或氧化物中。根据以上研究成果,可判定该氧化铅银矿属于极难选矿石,建议采用浮选-化学选矿工艺综合回收铅、银金属的技术路线。     

杭州西湖与运河沉积物铅同位素组成及其示踪意义

西湖底部表层沉积淤泥与沉积柱中沉积物的铅同位素组成存在明显的差异。沉积柱中206Pb/207Pb=1.1906±0.0029(2σ),208Pb/206Pb=2.0858±0.0074(2σ),而表层沉积淤泥的206Pb/207Pb=1.1705～1.1726,208Pb/206Pb=2.1052～2.1069,存在明显的异常。沉积柱中铅同位素组成演变特征表明,西湖沉积柱的上部受到了现代人为的铅污染,污染物厚度35cm左右,其中顶部10cm污染较为严重。与杭州市有关环境样品的铅同位素背景对比表明,西湖的铅污染主要来源于汽车尾气排放铅。运河(杭州段)0～30cm的沉积柱中除个别样品外,206Pb/207Pb=1.1543～1.1705,208Pb/206Pb=2.1011～2.1540,与西湖沉积柱下部沉积物中的铅同位素组成明显不同,而与西湖表层沉积淤泥的铅同位素组成一致,这表明运河沉积物存在显著的铅污染。对比表明,运河铅污染也主要来自汽车尾气,同时煤铅可能也有一定的贡献。根据西湖沉积柱中铅污染的深度与平均沉积速率估计,杭州地区的铅污染开始于1910年代,但到1970年代铅污染明显加剧。     

秦岭地区首次发现含放射性成因异常铅的铜矿床

具有高放射性异常铅的穆家庄铜矿床位于南秦岭造山带柞（水）山（阳）地区的泥盆系中。该矿床距柞水县城40余km，距西安100余km。矿体产于红岩寺一黑山复式向斜南翼金井河一胡家沟次级背斜南翼近轴部断裂中，赋矿岩石为泥盆系青石垭组中上部白云质岩，其空间展布明显受背斜的陡倾南翼（倒转翼）近轴部的层间断裂-裂隙带的控制，矿石构造主要为团块状和网脉状。铅同位素结果研究表明，穆家庄铜矿矿石铅和近矿围岩岩石铅具有富含放射性成因铅的特点。这是在秦岭地区首次发现的放射性成因铅——异常铅的铜矿床，它的发现具有很高的科学价值。     

胶东金矿铅同位素地质特征及成矿年代讨论

对胶东据同位素的系统研究表明,本区据及其金矿床的成矿物质主要来自胶东岩群,燕山期是本区主要成岩成矿期,招远一莱州矿带放射成因铅由西向东有逐渐增高的趋势,这种现象的产生是受本区地层结构和岩石类型制约的。给出了在不依赖于其它同位素测试数据的情况下,利用铅同位素各参量的谐和性解析上交点年龄的方法。从而显示了本区各种同位素测定结果的和谐性、一致性。     

论“华夏古大陆”—铅同位素研究证据

我国东南部地区一批中生代花岗岩类岩石中长石铅同位素数据表明,至少可将该地区地壳基底岩石划分三大块体。一是武夷块体,其范围包括江－绍断裂带以南,赣江－河源断裂以东和政和一大埔断裂中,南段以西地区,它们的中生代花岗岩长石铅同位素＾２０６Ｐｂ／＾２０４Ｐｂ,＾２０７Ｐｂ／＾２０４Ｐｂ和＾２０４Ｐｂ／＾２０４Ｐｂ三组比值平均分别为１８．２２６;１５．６２０和３８．７２５;另一块体为闽台块体,即政和一大埔断     

An indirect lead isotope age determination of gold mineralization at the Corinthia mine,Yilgarn Block,Western Australia

The Corinthia lode‐gold deposit in amphibolite‐facies greenstone belt rocks in the Southern Cross Province of the Archaean Yilgarn Block contains a largely undeformed pegmatite dyke emplaced during the last phases of movement along the Fraser's‐Corinthia shear zone. Gold mineralization and shear zone development were synchronous, and a Pb‐Pb isochron age of 2620 ±6 Ma for pegmatite emplacement either indirectly dates mineralization, or places a minimum age constraint on the timing of mineralization. This age is in accord with a broadly synchronous dominant episode of Archaean lode‐gold mineralization throughout the Yilgarn Block.     

Lead Isotopic Composition and Lead Source in the Bainiuchang Ag-polymetallic Deposit, Yunnan Province, China

The Bainiuchang deposit in Yunnan Province, China, is located geographically between the Gejiu ore field and the Dulong ore field. In addition to the 〉7000 t Ag reserves, the deposit also boasts of large-scale Pb, Zn and Sn reserves with a lot of dispersed elements （In, Cd, Ge, Ga, etc.）. We have determined systematically the Pb isotope composition of the deposit. The Pb isotope ratios of the ores that are of sea-floor exhalative sedimentary origin in the northwest of the mining district, are 206pb/204pb = 17.758-18.537, 207pb/204pb = 15.175-15.862 and 206pb/204pb = 37.289-39.424, while those of ores that are of magmatic hydrothermal superimposition origin in the southeast of the mining district, are 206pb/204pb = 17.264-18.359, 207pb/204pb = 14.843-15.683 and 208pb/204pb = 36.481-38.838, respectively. In terms of the Pb isotope composition of feldspar in magmatic rocks or magmatic whole- rock samples from the mining district, we have determined the Pb isotope composition and acquired the Pb isotope ratios as： 206pb/204pb -- 18.224-18.700, 207pb/204pb -- 15.595-15.797 and 208pb/204pb -- 38.193-39.608. Then, in the light of the Pb isotope composition of metamorphic rock samples from the Proterozoic basement exposed in the Dulong ore field, we have determined the Pb isotope composition and obtained the isotope ratios as： 206pb/204pb -- 18.434-19.119, 207pb/204pb -- 15.644-15.693, and 208pb/204pb = 38.514-38.832. And the Pb isotope ratios of Cambrian sedimentary rocks, which are exposed in the Bainiuchang mining district, are 206pb/204pb = 18.307-19.206, 207pb/204pb = 15.622-15.809, and 208pb/204pb = 38.436-39.932. By comparing the two types of ores with respect to their Pb isotope compositions, it is indicated that lead in the Bainiuchang deposit was derived largely from the lower-crust granulite which is earlier than Neoproterozoic in age, but the Yanshanian magmatic hydrothermal fluids probably provided a part of ore-forming elements such as Sn for the ore blocks in the south of the mining district.     

Lead Isotopic Composition and Lead Source in the Bainiuchang Ag-polymetailic Deposit,Yunnan Province,China

The Bainiuchang deposit in Yunnan Province,China,is located geographically between the Gejiu ore field and the Dulong ore field.In addition to the>7000 t Ag reserves,the deposit also boasts of large-scale Pb,Zn and Sn reserves with a lot of dispersed elements(In,Cd,Ge,Ga,etc.).We have determined systematically the Pb isotope composition of the deposit.The Pb isotope ratios of the ores that are of sea-floor exhalative sedimentary origin in the northwest of the mining district,are ~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=17.758-18.537,~(207)pb/~(204)pb=15.175-15.862 and ~(208)pb/~(204)pb=37.289-39.424,while those of ores that are of magmatic hydrothermal superimposition origin in the southeast of the mining district, are ~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=17.264-18.359,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb=14.843-15.683 and ~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb=36.481-38.838, respectively.In terms of the Pb isotope composition of feldspar in magmatic rocks or magmatic whole- rock samples from the mining district,we have determined the Pb isotope composition and acquired the Pb isotope ratios as:~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=18.224-18.700,~(207)Tpb/~(204)Pb=15.595-15.797 and ~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb= 38.193-39.608.Then,in the light of the Pb isotope composition of metamorphic rock samples from the Proterozoic basement exposed in the Dulong ore field,we have determined the Pb isotope composition and obtained the isotope ratios as:~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=18.434-19.119,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb=15.644-15.693,and ~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb=38.514-38.832.And the Pb isotope ratios of Cambrian sedimentary rocks,which are exposed in the Bainiuchang mining district,are ~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=18.307-19.206,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb= 15.622-15.809,and ~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=38.436-39.932.By comparing the two types of ores with respect to their Pb isotope compositions,it is indicated that lead in the Bainiuchang deposit was derived largely from the lower-crust granulite which is earlier than Neoproterozoic in age,but the Yanshanian magmatic hydrothermal fluids probably provided a part of ore-forming elements such as Sn for the ore blocks in the south of the mining district.     

山门银金矿铅同位素地球化学研究

在研究中将矿石铅、岩石铅同位素数据投影于Zartman铅构造模式图中。矿石铅数据点都位于造山带和地幔铅演化线之间,大洋火山岩范围内,更靠近地幔铅演化曲线,说明矿石铅主要来自地幔;岩石铅数据点都落在造山带和上地壳演化线之间,说明岩石铅来自地壳物质重熔或同熔产生的花岗岩类。从而认为山门矿床成矿物质主要来自赋矿地层。矿区印支期或印支燕山期花岗岩是该区老地层重熔形成。该花岗岩的热液活动对山门矿床的最终形成具有重要作用。     

云南永善金沙矿区的上部铅锌矿床

笔者对金沙矿区的上部铅锌矿床（上部矿）,从含矿建造、矿体产出（产状）、形态、矿石物质组分和结构构造等特征,通过稀土元素和有机地球化学的分析对比,笔者认为金沙矿区上部矿与下部矿完全不同。上部矿床属于沉积－成岩－有机成因。     

杭州大气铅主要污染源的铅同位素示踪

杭州大气铅主要污染源的铅同位素示踪陈好寿裴辉东张霄宇王林森（浙江大学地球科学系,杭州３１００２７）（中国地质大学,武汉４３００７４）关键词大气铅污染源同位素示踪杭州铅对人类的危害作用主要是损害大脑、神经和肾脏,特别是对儿童和孕妇危害极大。铅中毒会导...     

EDTA络合滴定法快速测定含钡铅矿石中的铅

对于含钡铅矿石中铅的测定,采用EDTA容量法由于在分析流程中生成硫酸铅钡复盐使铅的分析结果偏低;采用钡铬酸铅容量法可以消除钡的干扰,但分析方法流程繁杂,耗时长。本文对现有的EDTA容量法进行改进,建立了一种快速测定含钡铅矿石样品中铅含量的分析方法。样品在盐酸体系中溶解,用硫酸沉淀分离可溶性钡离子,再用硫酸沉淀铅,所得的硫酸铅沉淀用pH=5.7的乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲溶液溶解,EDTA络合滴定法测定铅的含量。分析结果表明,盐酸用量为40 mL,50%硫酸用量为2滴时可以消除钡对铅测定的干扰,样品分解后硫酸铅沉淀20 min即可分离测定。本法的测定值与国家标准方法的测定值基本一致,方法精密度为0.1%~0.8%。方法中沉淀放置时间只有20 min,与国家标准方法和其他方法的沉淀放置时间(4 h或过夜)相比较,缩短了样品处理流程,满足了矿山企业选冶生产现场样品的快速检测要求。     

Lead isotope geochemical characteristics of Pb-Zn-Cu deposits on the southwestern margin of Tarim, and their significance

The polymetallic(Pb,Zn,Cu,etc) ore belt on the southwestern margin of Tarim is one of the major regions with the greatest prospecting potential in Xinjiang.Reported in this paper are the lead isotope data for 66 sulfide samples(including 50 galena samples,15 chalcopyrite samples and 1 pyrite sample) collected from such representative deposits as Tamu,Tiekelike,Kalangu,Abalieke,etc.in this ore belt.The Pb isotopic ratios of 206 Pb/204 Pb,207 Pb/204 Pb and 208 Pb/204 Pb in the galena samples range from 17.931 to 18.176,15.609 to 15.818 and 38.197 to 38.944,with the average values of 18.017,15.684 and 38.462,respectively.Those in the chalcopyrite samples range from 17.926 to 18.144,15.598 to 15.628 and 38.171 to 38.583,with the average values of 18.020,15.606 and 38.262,respectively.The pyrite sample has the Pb isotopic ratios of 206 Pb/204 Pb,207 Pb/204 Pb and 208 Pb/204 Pb to be 17.980,15.604 and 38.145,respectively.In combination with the previous Pb isotope data for sulfides,it is found that there is only a slight variation in the Pb isotopic composition of galena,chalcopyrite,sphalerite and pyrite in the ore belt.However,there is some difference in Pb isotopic characteristics between galena and chalcopyrite,especially the Pb isotopic composition of galena shows an obvious linear correlation with some other relevant parameters(e.g.β and γ).The comprehensive analysis suggested that lead in galena(maybe including sphalerite and pyrite) was derived principally from wall rocks and underlying basement,and that in chalcopyrite only originated from the basement.The single-stage model ages of these sulfides couldn’t indicate the time limit of metallogenesis(Pb,Zn,Cu,etc.),and the positive linear correlations for the Pb isotopic composition of galena are of no single-stage and two-stage Pb-Pb isochron significance.Furthermore,there are significant differences in Pb isotopic composition characteristics between the genetic type of deposits in this polymetallic ore belt and the Mississippi Valley type(MVT).In addition,the authors also pointed out that there is a phenomenon of differentiation(not paragenesis) for lead and copper elements during the process of metallogenesis in this ore belt.     

内蒙古孟恩陶勒盖银铅锌铟矿床的铅同位素组成及矿石铅的来源探讨

内蒙古盂恩陶勒盖矿床产于由黑云母斜长花岗岩和白云母斜长花岗岩组成的海西期盂恩花岗岩基的中心部位，矿体受东西向断裂控制。呈脉状。矿床主要有用组分为Pb,Zn,Cu,Ag，含Sn富In,Ga,Cd等分散元素，为一典型的多元素共生的多金属矿床。矿石铅同位素组成与赋矿的海西期花岗岩和矿区外围燕山期花岗岩的长石及全岩铅同位素组成明显不同，显示出矿石铅既不是由这两期岩浆活动提供的，也不是来自这两期花岗岩的改造，矿石铅与不同期次岩浆岩铅的对比显示，矿石铅来源于地幔岩浆分异，矿区深部可能存在地幔来源的岩浆岩。