胶东区域岩石铅同位素地球化学背景研究

通过对胶东地区与金矿有关的地层、中基性脉岩、花岗岩以及碱性玄武岩的铅同位素地球化学背景的研究和对比，给出区域各主要地质体的铅同位素组成值域。应用华北铅构造模式图，论证了区域花岗岩主要源于胶东群变质岩。其中形成于中生代的与成矿有主要关系的花岗岩（郭家岭式花岗岩和滦家河式花岗岩）及中基性脉岩主要是胶东群重熔结晶分异的产物，而前中生代的某些花岗岩则为胶东群交代混合岩化的产物。区域碱性玄武岩由华南地幔向北下插后喷发形成。     

哀牢山北段金矿带铅同位素特征研究

以哀牢山北段金矿带中最大金矿田──老王寨金矿田为例，从铅同位素组成，源区特征，单阶段模式年龄，铅源初始年龄及与墨江金厂矿石铅同位素对比等五个方面，结合图表解析，论述了金矿带的铅同位索特征，指出本区铅同位素组成是基本稳定的，且主要属造山带铅。从铅同位素一个侧面证实哀牢山北段金矿带矿化从燕山期到喜马拉雅期，且以喜马拉雅期矿化为主，参加矿化物质显示多期多阶段性的特点。     

赤峰——朝阳地区金矿床铅同位素特征及矿床成因

赤峰—朝阳地区金矿床主要产在太古代变质岩和海西、燕山期花岗岩组成的隆起带中。铅同位素研究表明:本区金矿床的成矿物质有两个来源,一个是太古代变质岩层,另一个是上地幔,二者在燕山晚期混合形成矿床。     

栖霞金矿铅同位素组成特征和成因机制

栖霞金矿床的铅同位素组成具有两阶段异常铅的特征,二阶段等时线与μ=7.95单阶段增长曲线的上交点和下交点年龄分别与金矿床和胶东群变质岩的年龄相一致。金在变质过程中的活化预富集和深部隐伏花岗岩体热驱动大气降水深循环淋滤作用,是金矿床形成的主要原因。     

东秦岭造山带花岗岩类长石铅同位素组成及其构造学意义

本文对东秦岭造山带内２７个花岗岩类央体４８件长石样品进行了铅同位素成分的测定，结果表明，本区的南秦岭不同时代花岗岩类以贫铀铅和钍铅为特征，具有明显的铅同位素块体效应，反映它们属地同一个铅同位素构造－地球化学省；而本区的北秦岭区岗岩类从晚元古代到早古生长，长石铅同位素组成以富铀铅和钍铅的为特征，但从晚古生长开始，花岗岩类长石铅同位素组成明显发生变化，以贫铀铅和钍铅为特征，反映晚古生长及其后形成花岗质     

甘肃安家岔金矿床铅同位素地球化学研究

通过对安家岔金矿床铅同位素地球化学特征研究及其与邻区地层、岩浆岩和有关矿床铅同位素的对比结果表明：（１）本矿床石铅是一种以高放射成因为主的混合型铅，且明显表现出有大气降水参与热液成矿的铅同位素地球化学特征，反映本矿床属于沉积－强烈改造型金矿床；（２）本矿床成矿物质的直接来源主要为志留系；（３）本区的金矿成矿作用和主要与志留系重熔有关的岩浆岩的关系最为密切，因此，在志留系展布区内，Ｉ类岩浆岩密集出现     

河北省张一宣地区金矿床的硫、铅同位素地质研究

通过对张宣地区金矿床硫、铅等稳定同位素地球化学研究,阐明该区形成金矿的主要物质来源为太古界桑干群地层,其成矿时代为燕山运动时期,基于矿床地质及硫、铅、氢、氧等稳定同位素研究,建立了本区金矿的成矿模式.     

山东中生代胶莱盆地北缘金矿床硫铅同位素地球化学

位于山东胶莱盆地北缘的蓬家夼金矿、发云夼、大庄子等金矿 ,是一类受盆地边缘元古宙荆山群变质岩中的低角度层间滑动断层控制的蚀变构造碎裂 角砾岩型 (蓬家夼式 )金矿。硫同位素组成表明蓬家夼式金矿比胶东其它典型金矿的δ3 4 S偏高 ,且高于老地层和中生代花岗岩的 ,反映大气降水循环淋滤作用使硫同位素发生了较大程度的分馏。蓬家夼、大庄子金矿床矿石铅为异常铅 ,铅同位素组成与胶东群、玲珑、焦家和邓格庄等中生代花岗岩有关的金矿相比 ,其组成范围变化大 ,反映成矿物质的多源性。这与该类金矿所处的构造边缘 (转换 )环境相耦合。     

个旧锡多金属硫化物矿床铅同位素组成特征及其成因意义

主要研究了个旧锡多金属硫化物矿床的矽卡岩型和层间硫化物型两类矿床。矽卡岩型矿床铅同位素组成与矿区花岗岩铅一致。层问硫化物型矿床铅同位素在同位素比值图上的投点比较分散，2／3投点较集中且与矿区花岗岩铅一致，另有部分硫化物型与矿区印支期火山岩一致，位于铅演化线的上地幔区域，其他少部分投点位于铅演化线的上地壳区域，因受到地层铅的加入而明显高于花岗岩铅。铅同位素组成特征表明，矽卡岩型矿床的形成与燕山期花岗岩直接相关，其矿质主要来源于花岗岩，较少部分源于地层；层间硫化物型矿床的矿质部分来源印支期的热水沉积作用，少部分来源于地层，并受到燕山期花岗岩的岩浆热液叠加改造。个旧超大型锡矿床的形成是多种成矿作用叠加的结果。     

湖北徐家山锑矿床铅同位素组成与成矿物质来源探讨

徐家山锑矿床位于湖北省通山县境内,矿体赋存于上震旦统灯影组和陡山沱组地层中.对采自该矿的辉锑矿进行了系统的铅同位素测定.结果表明,在徐家山矿区范围内存在两组明显不同的铅同位素组成:A组206Pb/204Pb为18.874～19.288,207Pb/204Pb为 15.708～15.805, 208Pb/204Pb为38.642～39.001, 为高放射性成因铅;B组以低放射性成因铅为特征,其同位素组成206Pb/204Pb为17.882～18.171,207Pb/204Pb为15.555～15.686,208Pb/204Pb为37.950～38.340.对应地,相关参数也明显不同,如单阶段模式年龄,A组为负值或极小的正值,而B组为636～392 Ma.铅同位素组成与某些相关参数(Δγ与Δβ、V1与V2)之间呈明显线性正相关关系.根据铅构造模式和矿石铅同位素的Δγ-Δβ成因分类图解等综合分析,A组辉锑矿的铅主要来源于赋矿围岩--震旦系海相碳酸盐岩,B组主要来源于赋矿围岩的下伏基底碎屑岩--中元古界冷家溪群浅变质岩系.研究结果不支持前人沉积-改造成因的观点,成矿物质是多来源的,部分成矿物质来自基底地层.     

鲁西地区绿岩带金矿床铅同位素研究

在鲁西太古宙绿岩带中,分布有较多的绿岩带变生热液－构造蚀变岩型金矿,具有良好的找矿前景。从铅同位素组成来看,区内铅同位素变化较大,多为放射性成因铅质量分数较高的异常铅。所测同位素样品中,以黄铁矿铅同位素组成变化最大,是铅同位素在演化过程中受到放射性铀铅和钍铅不同程度混染的结果,多数样品单阶段模式年龄不具计时意义。计算表明,区内铅来源于ｕ＝９．２０,ｗ＝３７．４５,ｋ＝３．９５的源区,在５９５Ｍａ前     

山东招远金矿集中区矿床及围岩中硫和铅同位素的研究

山东招远金矿集中区金矿床的围岩为新太古代胶东岩群变质岩和中生代花岗岩。胶东岩群、花岗岩及金矿床的δ3 4 S值分别为 4 7‰、 7 4‰和 8 1‰ ,3个数值均为正值 ,之间差值较小 ,且依次有规律增加 ,表现出它们具有硫的同源性和演化上的连续性。铅同位素也呈现相同的变化规律 ,N(2 0 7Pb) /N(2 0 4Pb)值在胶东岩群、花岗岩及金矿床中分别为 15 381、15 5 6 2和 15 4 75 ,与区内来自地幔的玄武岩的N(2 0 7Pb) /N(2 0 4Pb)的平均值 18 2 6 9相比差异非常明显。铅同位素中的 μ值均小于 9 5 8的临界线 ,表明铅来自同一构造环境下形成的岩石。此外 ,胶东岩群、花岗岩和金矿床 3者之间的接触关系也表明它们系同一矿源岩在不同地质时期演化的结果     

上黑龙江盆地虎拉林金矿床硫、铅同位素特征及其成因探讨

虎拉林矿床位于中亚造山带东段额尔古纳地块之上,处于上黑龙江盆地西侧,东与砂宝斯、老沟等金矿床相邻。矿床载金矿物主要为薄膜状、粒状及脉状黄铁矿,成矿与早白垩世花岗斑岩、石英斑岩及隐爆角砾岩有密切联系。在对矿床详尽的野外工作基础上,通过对金属硫化物硫、铅同位素分析研究,探讨成矿物质来源,揭示矿床成矿规律。研究结果表明,上黑龙江盆地虎拉林矿床矿石及围岩中黄铁矿δ34SV-CDT分布于0.7‰~2.2‰,平均为1.18‰,集中于1.0‰左右,呈塔式分布,显示主要为岩浆硫特征;铅同位素206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb、208Pb/204Pb值分别为18.468~18.511、15.578~15.625、38.215~38.370,分布范围较小,且具有造山带铅特征。铅同位素μ值为9.41~9.50,均小于9.58;ω值为35.04~35.93,均值35.49,小于正常铅ω值;Th/U为3.60~3.66,显示出具有壳幔混源特征;在铅同位素构造环境判别图中,显示出具有下地壳部分熔融的特征;Δγ-Δβ图解显示矿床铅来源于上地壳与地幔混合带俯冲岩浆作用成因的铅同位素源区。综合矿床类型、矿体产出特征、矿体及围岩硫、铅同位素特征认为,虎拉林金矿区成矿物质主要来源于下地壳物质熔融形成的深部岩浆,同时存在上地幔与上地壳部分熔融物质的参与,成矿过程与早白垩世岩浆活动关系密切,形成于蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋闭合后伸展环境背景下。     

阿尔泰造山带的铅同位素地质及其构造意义

阿尔泰遣山带中各构造带混合岩、片麻状花岗岩、钾长花岗岩的17个单矿物长石铅同位素测试分析表明:阿尔泰造山带中普遍存在前海西基底,模式年龄l₁年龄段为:1286²483Ma,对应着陆壳的增生事件及初始成岩年龄.模式年龄l₂年龄段为:389⁴12Ma,311³46Ma,166¹96Ma,分别对应着晚志留-海西早期大陆裂谷作用;海西中晚期强烈挤压遣山和斜向逆冲及印支期造山期后花岗岩的侵入作用.t₂中各时间段与各构造环境的判别相吻合.     

山东焦家金矿矿床成因及成矿模式

胶东矿集区是我国金矿资源的主要密集区,重点解剖焦家金矿有助于深化对区域同类矿床的成因认识.文章从矿床地质、矿床地球化学、稀土元素地球化学、同位素地球化学、成矿流体以及成矿构造环境等几个方面对该矿床进行了研究,在上述的基础上探讨了焦家金矿的矿床成因模式,认为华北板块与华南板块碰撞的后造山作用引起的构造转折,导致地壳拉张,深部物质上涌,在有利的部位大规模成矿.     

胶东和小秦岭:两类不同构造环境中的造山型金矿省

胶东和小秦岭是我国排名前两位的金矿产地,根据对这两个地区的实地野外考察、室内研究及对已有大量研究成果的总结,我们认为胶东与小秦岭地区的金矿床均可归入造山型金矿的范畴,它们分别形成于增生型造山体制和碰撞型造山体制.胶东金矿床形成于早白垩世(130～120Ma左右)与洋壳俯冲(增生)造山相关的活动大陆边缘环境,矿床主要产于中生代花岗岩岩体中,严格受断裂带(NNE向或NE向为主)控制,成矿流体具有低盐度高CO_2含量的特征,He-Ar同位素研究显示成矿过程有幔源物质的加入.综合金矿床及中生代岩浆岩(特别是与成矿近同时的早白垩世郭家岭花岗岩及基性岩脉)的地质地球化学特征与成岩成矿动力学,我们提出在俯冲的太平洋板块后退的背景下,胶东地区增厚地壳中的榴辉岩相下地壳及下伏岩石圈地幔发生两阶段拆沉,强烈的壳幔相互作用最终导致了早白垩世普遍的岩浆活动及金的爆发成矿的模式.小秦岭地区金矿床主要以大型含金石英脉的形式产出于太华群变质基底的脆性-韧性剪切带(EW向为主)中,而与区域内燕山期大型花岗岩岩基没有直接联系,矿床地质特征(如低盐度高CO_2,以变质流体为主的成矿热液)与造山型金矿吻合,He-Ar同位素特征表明金矿床形成时有幔源物质的加入.小秦岭地区脉状Au-Mo矿床印支期成矿年龄(215～256Ma,辉钼矿Re-Os)表明印支期是小秦岭地区金成矿的主要时期,小秦岭金矿属于陆陆(华北与扬子)碰撞造山过程中形成的造山型金矿.     

Geochemical studies of Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopes on the Guojialing granite suite: Implications to region Au mineralization in the Jiaodong ore-cluster region

Based on the systematic elemental and isotope geochemical study on the Guojialing granite that is closely related to the gold mineralization in the Jiaodong ore-cluster region, further understandings have been made regarding its genetic mechanism, source material and gold mineralization conditions of the Guojialing granites. The (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i values of Guojialing granite range from 0.7106 to 0.7120, and the εNd(t) from −18.1 to −13.2, respectively, which are similar to the initial SrNd isotopic compositions of those Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous granites widely distributed in the Sulu orogenic belt, indicating similar sources of these intrusions in both Jiaodong and Su-Lu regions. The values of (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb)_i and(²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb)_i of Guojialing granite are from 17.158–17.316, 15.453–15.478, respectively, indicating that the source of granites could be originated from mantle mixed with orogenic belt. The zircon Hf isotope of the Guojialing granite is decoupled from the Nd isotope of the whole rock, it has a zircon Hf model age(1979–3202 Ma) older than the full-rock Nd model age (1928 Ma). Compared to the full-rock Nd model age, the zircon Hf model age provides a more reliable age of crust-mantle differentiation and crust formation, suggesting that there is extensive crust deep-melting in the source area before the granitic magma activity, which was accompanied by strong Sm/Nd differentiation. Guojialing granite has similar characteristics to adakite, indicating that garnet is an important residual phase during magma formation. The formation of the Guojialing granite magma may be the partial melting of lithospheric mantle and thickened lower crust under eclogite facies, mixed with significant Neoarchaean crust or even Linglong granites when the magma upwelling. The Guojialing granite has high zircon Ce⁴⁺/Ce³⁺ ratios with the average values of 1151.7 and 811.4 respectively, indicating that the Guojialing granite was formed in a high oxygen fugacity environment, where sulfur is mainly present in the form of SO or SO₂, which prevents the immiscibility of sulfides in the magma and avoids the removal of the sulfide metal elements. With crystallization differentiation, high oxygen fugitive magma will become a magma-hydrothermal fluid which is rich in sulfide metal elements, providing favorable material and environmental conditions for gold mineralization, thus favorably formed such giant gold deposit.     

北山地区照壁山金矿床地质特征及成因

照壁山金矿床是北山地区中部金矿集中区最具代表性的金矿床之一,金矿化主要在黑云母花岗岩株内或沿其与志留系公婆泉群火山-沉积岩的接触带产出,黑云母⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar同位素年龄为296±5 Ma.金矿体主要由含金石英脉,网脉和细脉浸染状块体组成,金属矿物主要有黄铁矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿、黄铜矿、自然金和银金矿,脉石矿物为石英和绢云母.围岩蚀变自含金矿脉(体)向外,分别为硅化、绢云母化和绿泥石化;另外,沿岩体与火山-沉积岩接触带常可观察到黄铁绢英岩化.微量元素和硫、氧、氢及铅同位素数据表明:黑云母花岗岩是同碰撞造山期深源岩浆与地壳物质相互作用的结果,成(岩)矿物质主要来自壳幔混合源,含矿热液是岩浆热流体与大气降水混合的产物.海西期花岗质岩浆活动不仅为金矿床的形成提供了物质和热力来源,而且是成矿热液对流循环的"发动机",成矿体系温、压降低是导致金沉淀与富集的重要控制因素.     

Geodynamics of gold metallogeny in the Shandong Province,NE China: An integrated geological,geophysical and geochemical perspective

The Shandong Province along the southeastern margin of the North China Craton is the largest gold producing region in China. The nature and extent of gold metallogeny between the Western Shandong (Luxi) and Eastern Shandong (Jiaodong) sectors display marked contrast. In this paper, we synthesize the information on mineralization and magmatism, S–Pb–H–O–C–He–Ar isotopic data of the ores and Sr–Nd–Pb–Hf isotopic data of the Mesozoic plutons from the Shandong region. Combined with the salient regional geophysical data, we discuss the geodynamic setting of the gold mineralization in Shandong. The age data converge to indicate that the peak of gold metallogeny in this region occurred at ca. 120 ± 10 Ma. The mineralization in Luxi area shows links with sources in the Tongjing and Yinan complexes. The ore-forming materials in the Jiaodong area were derived from multiple sources and show clear evidence for crust–mantle mixing. The Moho depth on both sides of the Tan–Lu fault is broadly similar with only a minor variation across the Tan–Lu fault. The LAB (lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary) in the Jiaodong region is shallower than that in the Luxi area. The Tan–Lu fault is identified as a major corridor for asthenosphere upwelling. Geochemical features show that the mantle beneath the Luxi area is mainly of EM1 type, whereas the mantle in the eastern part, close to the Tan–Lu fault shows mixed EM1 and EM2 features. In contrast, the mantle beneath the Jiaodong area is mainly of EM2 type, suggesting the existence of more ancient lithospheric mantle beneath the Luxi area, in comparison to the extensively modified lithospheric mantle and asthenosphere beneath the Jiaodong area. The gold metallogeny in Shandong Province occurred in the geodynamic setting of lithospheric thinning. The differences in the character and intensity of gold mineralization between the Western and Eastern Shandong regions might be a reflection of the contrasting tectonic histories. The Western Shandong region preserves imprints of destruction through the Yangtze plate collision which probably marks the prelude for gold metallogeny in Jiaodong area. Subsequent magmatic input and cratonic destruction through Pacific plate subduction provided the settings for the later widespread mineralization in multiple phases.