Lead Isotopic Composition and Lead Source in the Bainiuchang Ag-polymetallic Deposit, Yunnan Province, China

The Bainiuchang deposit in Yunnan Province, China, is located geographically between the Gejiu ore field and the Dulong ore field. In addition to the 〉7000 t Ag reserves, the deposit also boasts of large-scale Pb, Zn and Sn reserves with a lot of dispersed elements （In, Cd, Ge, Ga, etc.）. We have determined systematically the Pb isotope composition of the deposit. The Pb isotope ratios of the ores that are of sea-floor exhalative sedimentary origin in the northwest of the mining district, are 206pb/204pb = 17.758-18.537, 207pb/204pb = 15.175-15.862 and 206pb/204pb = 37.289-39.424, while those of ores that are of magmatic hydrothermal superimposition origin in the southeast of the mining district, are 206pb/204pb = 17.264-18.359, 207pb/204pb = 14.843-15.683 and 208pb/204pb = 36.481-38.838, respectively. In terms of the Pb isotope composition of feldspar in magmatic rocks or magmatic whole- rock samples from the mining district, we have determined the Pb isotope composition and acquired the Pb isotope ratios as： 206pb/204pb -- 18.224-18.700, 207pb/204pb -- 15.595-15.797 and 208pb/204pb -- 38.193-39.608. Then, in the light of the Pb isotope composition of metamorphic rock samples from the Proterozoic basement exposed in the Dulong ore field, we have determined the Pb isotope composition and obtained the isotope ratios as： 206pb/204pb -- 18.434-19.119, 207pb/204pb -- 15.644-15.693, and 208pb/204pb = 38.514-38.832. And the Pb isotope ratios of Cambrian sedimentary rocks, which are exposed in the Bainiuchang mining district, are 206pb/204pb = 18.307-19.206, 207pb/204pb = 15.622-15.809, and 208pb/204pb = 38.436-39.932. By comparing the two types of ores with respect to their Pb isotope compositions, it is indicated that lead in the Bainiuchang deposit was derived largely from the lower-crust granulite which is earlier than Neoproterozoic in age, but the Yanshanian magmatic hydrothermal fluids probably provided a part of ore-forming elements such as Sn for the ore blocks in the south of the mining district.     

浙江安吉港口多金属矿床铅物质来源初探——铅同位素证据

位于浙西北安吉港口的铅锌银(钼)多金属矿床,是新近在钦杭成矿带东北缘发现的一个产于大陆环境且具较好前景的矿床.文章通过对矿区坞山关杂岩体三套岩性单元、细粒花岗岩和方铅矿铅同位素的全面对比研究,探讨了矿床的铅物源岩浆岩.矿区中的方铅矿为含较高放射性成因铅的J-型铅,在铅同位素的V1-V2和△γ-Δβ图解中,本次研究的样品分别落入华南和岩浆作用上地壳混合地幔铅范围,显示出方铅矿与华南地球化学省壳幔混合岩浆作用的密切关系.矿区铅锌矿体的方铅矿铅同位素比值显示其具有共同的物质来源,并基本保持了细粒花岗岩206Pb/204Pb值的特征,而207Pb/204Pb值具有坞山关杂岩体和细粒花岗岩混合的特征,208Pb/204Pb和208Pb/206Pb值则仅显示出与细粒花岗岩最相近.方铅矿铅同位素比值特征和比值等值线分布形式显示,铅主要来源于细粒花岗岩,杂岩体对铅成矿贡献了少量的206Pb和207Pb,矿区地层对铅成矿贡献了一定的208Pb.安吉矿区进一步针对铅的找矿工作围绕细粒花岗岩展开,取得成果的可能性更大.     

Lead Isotopic Composition and Lead Source of the Huogeqi Cu-Pb-Zn Deposit, Inner Mongolia, China

The Huogeqi orefield located on the northern side of Mt. Langshan, Inner Mongolia occurs in the Middle Proterozoic Langshan Group metamorphic rocks, and the orebodies arc stratiform. In the past twenty years, many Chinese geologists have conducted researches on the Huogeqi Cu-Pb-Zn deposit, but there has been still a controversy on its origin. Some advocate that the deposit is of sedimentary-metamorphic rcworking origin, some hold that it is of sea-floor SEDEX origin, and others have a preference for magmatic superimposition origin. The crux of the controversy is that there is no common understanding about the source of ore-forming materials. In this paper, the Pb isotopic compositions of regional Achaean-Early Proterozoic basement rocks, various types of sedimentary- metamorphic rocks and volcanic rocks in the mining district, Late Proterozoic and Hercynian magmatic rocks arc introduced and compared with the orc-lead composition, so as to constrain the source of the ore lead. The result indicates that （1） sulfides in the ores have homogeneous Pb isotopic compositions, showing a narrow variation range. Their ^206pb/^204pb ratios arc within a range of 17.027- 17.317; ^207Pb/^204pb ratios, 15.451-15.786 and ^208Pb/^204pb ratios, 36.747-37.669; （2） the Pb isotopic compositions of the regional Achaean-Early Proterozoic basement rocks arc characteristic of the old Pb isotopic composition at the early-stage evolution of the Earth, which varies over a wider range, reflecting significant differences in Pb isotopic compositions of the ores. All this indicates that the source of ore lead has no bearing on the basement rocks; （3） the sedimentary-metamorphic rocks in the mining district arc characterized by highly variable and more radiogenic Pb isotopic compositions and their Pb isotopic ratios arc obviously higher than those of ores, demonstrating that ore lead did not result from metamorphic rcworking of these rocks; （4） Pb isotopic compositions of Late Proterozoic diorite-gabbro and Hercynian granite are higher than those of ores. Meanwhile, the Pb isotopic compositions of sulfides in the small-sized strata-penetrating mineralized veinlets formed at later stages arc completely consistent with that of sulfides in stratiform-banded ores, suggesting that these veiniets arc the product of autochthonous rcworking of the stratiform-banded ores during the period of metamorphism and the late magmatic superimposition-mineralization can be excluded; （5） amphibolite, whose protolith is basic volcanic rocks, has the same Pb isotopic compositions as ores, implying that ore lead was derived probably from basic volcanism. So, the source of ore-forming materials for the Huogeqi deposit is like that of the volcanic massive sulfide （VMS） deposits. However, the orebodies do not occur directly within the volcanic rocks, and instead they overlie the volcanic rocks, showing some differences from those typical VMS-type deposits.     

内蒙古拜仁达坝及维拉斯托银多金属矿床的硫和铅同位素研究

拜仁达坝和维拉斯托是近年来在内蒙古东部地区发现的2个大型银多金属矿床,文章对其开展了硫和铅同位素研究。结果表明,拜仁达坝矿床矿石中硫化物的δ34S值为-4.0‰～+1.6‰,维拉斯托矿床矿石中硫化物的δ34S值为-0.8‰～+2.0‰,与岩浆热液型矿床的硫同位素值接近,表明这2个矿床中的硫主要来自岩浆。拜仁达坝矿区43件金属硫化物的206Pb/204Pb值为18.333～18.515,207Pb/204Pb值为15.532～15.656,208Pb/204Pb值为38.057～38.610;维拉斯托矿区20件金属硫化物的206Pb/204Pb值为18.304～18.377,207Pb/204Pb值为15.520～15.610,208Pb/204Pb值为38.112～38.435。拜仁达坝东矿区矿石中的铅同位素组成与维拉斯托矿区相似,变化范围小,相对贫放射性铅同位素,并且均为混合铅。矿石中的铅可能来自围岩地层及深源岩浆。     

辽宁八家子铅—锌矿床的铅同位素研究

笔者对八家子矿床矿石铅、岩体长石铅和高于庄组沉积地层铅同位素的详细研究表明,矿石铅是由下地壳基底岩石铅、上地壳高于庄组沉积地层铅和高于庄组沉积矿石铅三端元混合的产物。与矿化关系密切的黑云母石英闪长岩浆来自一个铀亏损区,推测岩浆房在下地壳,岩浆上侵过程中同化了部分围岩。矿床成因类型应为沉积—岩浆热液活化型交代充填铅—锌矿床。     

Lead isotope data from the Sar-Cheshmeh porphyry copper deposit,Iran

Lead isotope compositions of nine sulfide concentrates from ore samples from the Sar-Cheshmeh deposit are reported. They range from virtually unaltered granodiorite through varying degrees of potassic alteration to ores showing strong phyllic alteration (sericite veins). The samples without strong phyllic alteration have fairly uniform lead isotope compositions around ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=18.6, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=15.6, and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=38.7. Two samples with sericite veins have markedly more radiogenic lead. It is concluded that the fluid responsible for the potassic alteration and the associated mineralization was essentially magmatic, whereas convecting meteoric water from the country rock acted as a mineralizing solution during phyllic alteration. In the context of the plumbotectonics model, the deposit has a typical orogen signature intermediate between primitive and mature island-arc settings.     

大兴安岭中段闹牛山铜金矿床的硫铅同位素地球化学特征与成矿物质来源

通过对闹牛山铜金矿床硫、铅同位素的系统研究,探讨了其成矿物质的来源。同位素测试结果表明,δ(~(34)S)=2.0×10~(-3)~3.5×10~(-3),均为正值,呈塔式分布,峰值出现在2.0×10~(-3)~2.5×10~(-3),具幔源硫和陨石硫的特征;矿石铅~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=18.169~18.510,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb=15.484~15.646,~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb=37.877~38.431,铅同位素组成较为均一,具正常铅的组成特点;且μ值和ω值偏低,表明矿石铅源区富钍亏铀。在Zartman铅同位素构造模式图解中,投点主要落于地幔与造山带之间和造山带演化线附近;在Δβ—Δγ成因分类图解上,12件测试样品落入上地壳与地幔混合的俯冲带岩浆作用成因铅同位素源区,4件样品落入地幔源铅的范围内,但与两源区界限临近。由此认为,闹牛山铜金矿床的成矿物质主要来源于地幔,并有上地壳物质的混染,这种认识对研究大兴安岭中南段铜多金属矿带的成矿规律具有指导意义。     

华北陆块北缘哈毕力格铀矿床S、Pb同位素组成及对成矿作用的指示

哈毕力格铀矿床位于华北陆块北缘中段,主要受乌兰哈达—猴儿山背斜和区内断裂控制。铀矿化主要产于新太古界乌拉山群第二岩段石英岩中,一直被认为是变质成因铀矿床。在分析该矿床成矿地质背景和矿化特征的基础上,系统研究了矿石与围岩中黄铁矿的硫、铅同位素特征。数据表明,硫同位素组成变化于-4.7‰~12.9‰之间,暗示成矿流体主要来自岩浆热液,同时遭受了地层物质的混染。铅同位素组成(²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=36.147~42.968,²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=15.919~34.268, ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=19.488~168.032)远高于单阶段演化模式组成,不同样品的²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb-²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb线性关系良好,为典型的二阶段铅同位素演化体系,表明变质地层为成矿作用提供了铀源。通过放射性²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb计算,结合区域岩浆演化,认为古元古代(~1 805 Ma)区域变质作用促使乌拉山群铀发生初步富集,晚古生代(374 Ma)花岗闪长质岩浆分异出大量流体活化萃取变质地层中的铀,在有利构造空间富集成矿。     

Lead isotope heterogeneity in sulfides from different assemblages at the Verninskoe gold deposit (Baikal-Patom Highland,Russia)

Using the high-precision technique of MC-ICP mass spectrometry, the isotope composition of lead was studied for the first time in sulfides of different mineral associations at the Verninskoe deposit that belong to large gold deposits of the Lena Province. In 23 monofractions of sulfides (pyrite, arsenopyrite, galena, and sphalerite), the Pb-Pb data showed a pronounced heterogeneity of the isotope composition of ore lead (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 18.21–18.69, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 15.59–15.67, and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 37.98–38.63) for the deposit as a whole. This heterogeneity is also seen to a lesser degree within individual samples. In this case, a correlation takes place between the isotope composition of ore Pb and the type of mineral association: the sulfides in earlier associations are characterized by lower contents of the ²⁰⁶Pb, ²⁰⁷Pb, and ²⁰⁸Pb radiogenic isotopes compared to the minerals of later parageneses. The comparison of Pb-Pb isotope characteristics of ore mineralization of the Verninskoe deposit to those of the Sukhoi Log deposit (the greatest in the Lena Province) testifies to the geochemical similarity of the sources of ore Pb involved in the formation of these deposits. The sources as such were terrigenous rocks of the Bodaibo synclinorium formed mainly as a result of the disintegration of Precambrian rocks of the Siberian craton.     

江西冷水坑Ag-Pb-Zn矿田碳、氧、硫、铅同位素特征及成矿物质来源

江西冷水坑矿田是武夷山地区重要的银铅锌集中区之一。无论是世界上少有的斑岩型银铅锌矿床还是火山沉积 热液改造矿床都独具特色,具有很高的研究意义。该矿田的黄铁矿、闪锌矿和方铅矿等硫化物的δ34S值变化为-380‰~694‰,平均为187‰。大约为-411‰的δ13C值与峰值约为2‰的δ34S值的很窄分布表明成矿流体中的碳和硫来源于深部岩浆,并不排除地层提供一部分硫和碳的可能性。硫化物矿石的206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb和208Pb/204Pb比值分别为17771~17867、15564~15685和38235~38652。地层中火山岩、火山岩沉积岩以及变质岩石的 206Pb/204Pb比值为17899~18220,与矿石铅既有联系又有分离。然而,矿石和花岗斑岩的长石铅中206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb和208Pb/204Pb比值是相近的,它们在208Pb/204Pb 206Pb/204Pb和207Pb/204Pb 206Pb/204Pb图上落在同一条直线上。这条铅同位素混合线两个端员分别为上地壳和地幔。这些证据都强烈地支持了成矿物质主要来源于斑岩岩浆系统,地层对于成矿流体和物质的贡献不可或缺。冷水坑是一个典型的与次火山岩有关的岩浆热液成因的Ag Pb Zn矿田,成矿作用均发生于中国东部燕山中期陆内环境。     

云南金平铜厂金矿床地质特征和成矿物质来源

铜厂金矿床位于哀牢山造山带金平古生代盖层构造单元的中南部.金矿化分布于奥陶系下统复理石碎屑岩和志留系中-上统白云岩之间的北西走向断裂破碎带中.含金矿物主要为自然金和银金矿,附着于黏土矿物或赋存于石英、黄铁矿、毒砂裂隙和胶结物的颗粒间.矿石为细脉状、浸染状和团块状构造.围岩蚀变为碳酸盐化、硅化、绢云母化等.金矿石黄铁矿δ³⁴S为0.337‰~3.113‰,²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb、²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb和²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb分别为39.3814~40.1504、15.7093~15.7727和19.002~19.5492.矿区石英正长斑岩δ³⁴S为-1.118‰~-0.161‰,²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb、²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb和²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb分别是39.0817~39.2278、15.653~15.6805和18.8186~18.8612.金矿石黄铁矿的硫不是来源于石英正长斑岩,铅来源于上地壳.石英正长斑岩铅为上地壳和下地壳或上地幔混合来源铅.金矿床可能是在新生代岩浆-构造作用晚期,断裂构造中循环的热液汲取上地壳沉积围岩中的金等成矿物质形成的含矿流体,在断裂构造带压力和温度较低部位通过充填和交代作用形成的.     

东昆仑东段那更康切尔银矿硫-铅同位素特征与找矿模型

那更康切尔银矿是东昆仑造山带的大型热液脉型独立银矿床,有望达到超大型规模。以矿区地质特征为研究基础,开展硫化物硫-铅同位素、二长花岗岩和花岗闪长岩铅同位素研究,探讨成矿物质来源及两类岩体与成矿的关系。矿区硫化物样品(黄铁矿、方铅矿和闪锌矿)的δ34S值介于-6.1‰~3.9‰之间,主体δ34 S值介于-4‰~2.1‰之间,数值集中,指示成矿物质硫源具有深源岩浆硫的特征。矿石铅同位素组成中206 Pb/204 Pb、207 Pb/204 Pb、208 Pb/204 Pb的变化范围分别为18.28~18.62、15.6~15.73、38.38~39.1,矿石铅具有壳幔混合源的特点。矿区内二长花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为239±1 Ma,(206Pb/204Pb)i、(207Pb/204Pb)i、(208Pb/204Pb)i值分别为18.389~18.585、15.638~15.648、38.288~38.558;花岗闪长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为252±1 Ma,(206Pb/204Pb)i、(207Pb/204Pb)i、(208Pb/204Pb)i值分别为18.348~18.447、15.625~15.629、38.394~38.412,铅同位素组成投图显示成矿与2类岩浆岩关系较弱,与区域上鄂拉山组火山岩呈较明显的线性相关。那更康切尔银矿与邻区哈日扎铅锌银矿床具有相似的成矿物质来源,硫源具有同一性,且矿石铅同位素组成表现出很明显的线性关系,表明2个矿床的成矿物质具有相近或相似的源区或演化过程。成矿地质条件、成矿物质来源及成矿流体特征均表明两者属中-低温热液脉型矿床。综合本文及前人对那更康切尔银矿床的研究,构建了成矿模式和找矿模型,为区域内同类型银矿床的找矿工作提供了指导作用。     

Lead isotope geochemical characteristics of Pb-Zn-Cu deposits on the southwestern margin of Tarim, and their significance

The polymetallic(Pb,Zn,Cu,etc) ore belt on the southwestern margin of Tarim is one of the major regions with the greatest prospecting potential in Xinjiang.Reported in this paper are the lead isotope data for 66 sulfide samples(including 50 galena samples,15 chalcopyrite samples and 1 pyrite sample) collected from such representative deposits as Tamu,Tiekelike,Kalangu,Abalieke,etc.in this ore belt.The Pb isotopic ratios of 206 Pb/204 Pb,207 Pb/204 Pb and 208 Pb/204 Pb in the galena samples range from 17.931 to 18.176,15.609 to 15.818 and 38.197 to 38.944,with the average values of 18.017,15.684 and 38.462,respectively.Those in the chalcopyrite samples range from 17.926 to 18.144,15.598 to 15.628 and 38.171 to 38.583,with the average values of 18.020,15.606 and 38.262,respectively.The pyrite sample has the Pb isotopic ratios of 206 Pb/204 Pb,207 Pb/204 Pb and 208 Pb/204 Pb to be 17.980,15.604 and 38.145,respectively.In combination with the previous Pb isotope data for sulfides,it is found that there is only a slight variation in the Pb isotopic composition of galena,chalcopyrite,sphalerite and pyrite in the ore belt.However,there is some difference in Pb isotopic characteristics between galena and chalcopyrite,especially the Pb isotopic composition of galena shows an obvious linear correlation with some other relevant parameters(e.g.β and γ).The comprehensive analysis suggested that lead in galena(maybe including sphalerite and pyrite) was derived principally from wall rocks and underlying basement,and that in chalcopyrite only originated from the basement.The single-stage model ages of these sulfides couldn’t indicate the time limit of metallogenesis(Pb,Zn,Cu,etc.),and the positive linear correlations for the Pb isotopic composition of galena are of no single-stage and two-stage Pb-Pb isochron significance.Furthermore,there are significant differences in Pb isotopic composition characteristics between the genetic type of deposits in this polymetallic ore belt and the Mississippi Valley type(MVT).In addition,the authors also pointed out that there is a phenomenon of differentiation(not paragenesis) for lead and copper elements during the process of metallogenesis in this ore belt.     

S and Pb Isotopic Constraints on the Relationship between the Linong Granodiorite and the Yangla Copper Deposit,Yunnan, China

The Yangla copper deposit, located in western Yunnan Province, China, is a typical giant, newly started mining copper deposit with an estimated Cu reserves of about 1,200,000 tons. The deposit is spatially and temporally associated with the Linong granodiorite, which is rich in SiO2 (SiO2=58.25 wt%–69.84 wt%) and alkalis (Na2O+K2O=5.98 wt%–8.34 wt%), indicating an association with shoshonitic series to high-K calc-alkaline series granites, and shows low contents of TiO2 (0.35 wt%–0.48 wt%), MgO (1.51 wt%–1.72 wt%), and Al2O3 (13.38 wt%–19.75 wt%). The δ34S values of sulfides of the main ore stage from copper ores vary range from ?4.2‰ to ?0.9‰, indicating a much greater contribution from the mantle to the ore-forming fluids. The δ34S values of the late ore stage is ?9.8‰, indicating enrichment of biogenic sulfur which may derive from the crustal hydrothermal fluid. The 208Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb and 206Pb/204Pb of sulfides of the main ore stage from copper ores range within 38.66–38.73, 15.71–15.74 and 18.35–19.04, respectively, implying that the Pb was derived from the mantle, with the crustal component, probably representing mixtures of mantle lead and crustal lead. Sulfide of the late ore stage in their Pb isotopic composition, 208Pb/204Pb= 38.69, 207Pb/204Pb=15.70, 206Pb/204Pb=18.35, implying that the Pb was derived from the crust. The Linong granodiorite is syn-collisional, produced by partial melting of thickened lower crust, which was triggered by the westward subduction of the Jinshajiang Oceanic plate. During a transition in geodynamic setting from collision-related compression to extension, gently dipping ductile shear zones (related to subduction) were transformed to brittle shear zones, consisting of a series of thrust faults in the Jinshajiang tectonic belt. The tensional thrust faults would have been a favorable environment for ore-forming fluids. The ascending magma provided a channel for the ore-forming fluid from the mantle wedge. After the magma arrived at the base of the early-stage Linong granodiorite, the platy granodiorite at the base of the body would have shielded the late-stage magma from the fluid. The magma would have cooled slowly, and some of the ore-forming fluid in the magma would have entered the gently dipping thrust faults near the Linong granodiorite, resulting in mineralization.     

Sulfur, Carbon and Lead Isotope Studies of the Dajing Polymetallic Deposit in Linxi County, Inner Mongolia, China – Implication for Metallogenic Elements from Hypomagmatic Source

Abstract: The Dajing Cu‐polymetallic ore deposit in Linxi county, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, is economically a valuable Cu–Sn–Ag–Zn–Pb deposit in the southern section of the Da Hinggan metallogenic province. For the analyzed 23 samples of sulfide minerals, including chalcopyrite, pyrite, sphalerite and galena, the δ³⁴S values range from –1.8 to +3.8 % with an average of +0.65 %. The narrow distributions of the δ³⁴S values with +1 % peak value, including the published data, and the δ¹³C values around –5 % indicate that the sulfur and carbon of the hydrothermal fluids are derived from a hypomagmatic source, and exclude the possibility that the hosted strata, i.e., the Upper Permian Linxi Formation, provided certain amounts of sulfur and carbon. The ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios of sulfide ores range respectively within 18.257‐18.368, 15.476‐15.609, and 37.916‐38.355 with the model ages of 122–209 Ma. The black shale, however, contains higher radiogenic lead with the ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios of 18.473‐20.156, differing from the ores. However, the ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios of the ore, basaltic porphyrite and feldspar leads are similar, and lie on the same lines in the diagrams of ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb vs. ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb and ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb vs. ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb. The fact that these mixing lines are composed of the two end members, the mantle and orogenic belt, strongly supports that all the metallogenic elements were carried by the hypomagma mixing the matters of the mantle and orogenic belt prior to the Mesozoic. Therefore, the Dajing ore deposit is a typical mag–matic–hydrothermal vein type ore deposit associated with subvolcanic rocks.     

Isotopes and Geochronology of the Meixian-type Pb-Zn-(Ag)Deposits,Central Fujian Rift,South China:Implications for Geological Events

Central Fujian Rift is another new and important volcanogenic massive sulfide Pb-Zn polymetallic metallogenetic belt. In order to find out the material genesis and mineralization period of Meixian-type Pb-Zn-Ag deposits, S and Pb isotope analysis and isotope geochronology of ores and wall rocks for five major deposits are discussed. It is concluded that the composition of sulfur isotope from sulfide ore vary slightly in different deposits and the mean value is close to zero with the 834S ranging from -3.5‰ to ＋5.6‰ averaging at ＋2.0‰, which indicates that the sulfur might originate from magma or possibly erupted directly from volcano or was leached from ore-hosted volcanic rock. The lead from ores in most deposits displays radioactive genesis character （206pb/204pb〉18.140, 207Pb/204pb〉15.584, 208pb/204pb〉38.569） and lead isotope values of ores are higher than those of wall rocks, which indicates that the lead was likely leached from the ore-hosted volcanic rocks. Based on isotope data, two significant Pb-Zn metallogenesis are delineated, which are Mid- and Late-Proterozoic sedimentary exhalative metailogenesis （The single zircon U-Pb, Sm-Nd isochronal and Ar-Ar dating ages of ore- hosted wall rocks are calculated to be among 933-1788 Ma.） and Yanshanian magmatic hydrothermal superimposed and alternated metallogenesis （intrusive SHRIMP zircon U-Pb and Rb-Sr isochronal ages between 127-154 Ma）.     

河南大湖金钼矿床成矿物质来源的锶钕铅同位素约束

河南灵宝大湖金钼矿床位于小秦岭金矿田北缘,属典型的断控脉状矿床.前人较好研究了矿床流体包裹体和成矿年代,但对成矿物质来源研究薄弱.本文对16件矿石硫化物及5件赋矿围岩样品进行了Sr-Nd-Pb同位素分析,金属硫化物I_(Sr)=0.70470～0.71312,平均0.70854;(~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd)_i=0.51143-0.51215,平均0.51162;(~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb)_i=17.033～17.285,(~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb)_i=15.358～15.438,(~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb)_i=37.307-37.582,平均值分别是17.162,15.405,37.440.5件太华超群样品I_(Sr)=0.70947～0.73201,平均0.72294;(~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd)_i=0.51076～0.51133,平均0.51107;(~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb)_i=17.127～18.392,(~(207P)b/~(204)Pb)_i=15.416～15.604,(~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb)_i=37.498～37.814,平均值分别是17.547,15.470,37.616.Sr-Nd-Pb同位素特征表明成矿物质来源具壳幔混合特征,初始成矿流体可能来源于亏损的残余洋壳,并通过成矿过程的水岩相互作用与太华超群混合;据此认为,在218Ma年左右,秦岭地区的陆陆碰撞造山作用并没有结束,而仍在进行之中.     

Lead Isotope Characteristics of the Mindyak Gold Deposit,Southern Urals: Evidence for the Source of Metals

The isotopic composition of Pb in pyrite of the Mindyak orogenic gold deposit located in the Main Ural Fault Zone, the Southern Urals, has been studied by the high-precision MC-ICP-MS method. Orebodies at the deposit are composed of early pyrite and late polysulfide–carbonate–quartz mineral assemblages. The orebodies are localized in olistostrome with carbonaceous clayey-cherty cement. Pyrites from early and late mineral assemblages are close in Pb isotope ratios. For early pyrite ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 18.250–18.336, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 15.645–15.653, ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 38.179–38.461; while for late pyrite ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 18.102–18.378, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 15.635–15.646, ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 38.149–38.320. The model parameters μ₂ (²³⁸U/²⁰⁴Pb = 9.91 ± 2), ω₂ (²³²Th/²⁰⁴Pb = 38.5 ± 4), and ²³²Th/²³⁸U = 3.88 ± 3 indicate that an upper crustal Pb source played a leading role in ore formation. Carbonaceous shale as an olistostrome cement and syngenetic sulfide mineralization are considered to be the main Pb sources of both early and late mineral assemblages. An additional recept in apparently magmatic lead is suggested for the late veinlet mineralization. The involvement of lead from several sources in ore formation is consistent with the genetic model, which assumes a two-stage formation of orebodies at the Mindyak deposit.     

滇中前震旦纪地层内铅锌矿床硫、铅同位素特征及对成矿物质来源指示

滇中前震旦系主要位于扬子地块西南缘,元谋-绿汁江断裂以东、普渡河-滇池断裂以西,岩浆活动强烈导致该区地壳结构复杂,具有"多层结构"的特点。据统计,赋存在昆阳群中的铅锌矿床(点)有近20处,其赋矿地层主要为:大龙口组(Pt_2d)、黑山头组(Pt_2hst)、鹅头厂组(Pt_2e)。本文优选大笑、热水塘硫铅同位素进行系统分析对比,总结指示成矿流体与指示物质来源。研究结果显示:赋存在前震旦纪铅矿矿床~(34)S值变化范围在6.33‰~14.99‰,成矿流体的总硫同位素值(δ~(34)SΣS)12.17‰。由此可见,赋存在前震旦纪地层中铅锌矿床硫化物主要为混合硫来源,硫同位素的来源具有多源性的特点。东川大笑铅锌矿:~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb变化范围为18.282~18.391,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb变化范围为15.491~15.515,208Pb/204Pb变化范围为38.287~38.326,主要分布于地幔、造山带演化线。热水塘铅锌矿:~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb变化范围17.702~18.512,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb变化范围15.626~15.72,~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb变化范围37.504~38.528,主要分布在造山带演化线附近。μ、ω值的变化范围表明所分析样品铅同位素均属于异常铅,说明其成矿物质多来源。因此,铅同位素主要来自地幔、上地壳和造山带,暗示成矿物质来源具有多源型特点。     

Geology, Geochemistry and Minerogenesis of the Shijuligou Zinc–Copper Deposit in Gansu, China

Abstract: The Shijuligou deposit was separated by an arcuate ductile shear zone cross the center of the deposit region, resulting in the difference between the southern and northern ore bodies. The lead (Pb) isotopic data of ores of the Shijuligou copper deposit have averages of 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, and 208Pb/204Pb in 17.634, 15.444, and 37.312, respectively. It has been shown that ore-forming metals originated from intrusive and extrusive rocks in the upper part of ophiolites. The sulfur isotopic data of pyrite and chalcopyrite in the northern part change from +7.61‰ to +8.09‰ and +4.95‰ to +8.88‰ in the southern part. Isotopes of δ18O in the Shijuligou copper deposit are between +11.1‰ and +18.6‰, with the calculated δ18OH2O at +0.65‰. It is suggested that the mineralized fluid is a mixture of magma fluid, meteorological water, and seawater through circulating and leaching metals from the volcanic rocks. The zircon uranium-lead (U–Pb) dating of gabbro is 457.9±1.2 Ma, and the lower crossing age of the discordant and concordia curves of pyroxene spilite of zircon is 454±15 Ma. It is indicated that the Shijuligou deposit formed in a new ocean crust (ophiolite) of the back-arc basin in the late Ordovician. Mineralization should occur in the intermittence period after strong volcanic activity, and the age should be the late Ordovician. Moreover, the mineralization of ophiolite-hosted massive sulfide deposits in the ancient orogenic belt of the late Ordovician in the northern Qilian Mountains was controlled by the primary fault/fracture, with the forming of a metallogenic hydrothermal system by a mixture of volcanic magma fluid and seawater, which circularly leached the metallogenic metals from the volcanic rocks, resulting in their accumulation. The ore bodies were transformed with morphology and metallogenic elements. Jasperoid is an important sign for prospecting such deposits. There were many island arcs in the continent of China. This study provides evidence for understanding and exploration of ophiolite-hosted massive sulfide deposits in western China, especially in the area of northern Qilian Mountains.