正交试验优选复方莪术散的提取工艺及其颗粒制备工艺研究

目的：优选复方莪术散颗粒的最佳提取与颗粒制备工艺，为该复方的开发利用提供试验依据。方法：采用正交试验法对复方莪术散进行提取，以淫羊藿苷的含量和收率综合评价为指标，通过L_{9（3^{4）正交试验设计对醇的用量、提取的时间和提取次数进行考察，优选复方莪术散的醇提取工艺，再以浸膏为原料，通过L9（34）正交试验设计考察稀释剂（可溶性淀粉）的比例及粘合剂（乙醇）的浓度和干燥温度，制备复方莪术散颗粒。结果：复方莪术散提取最佳工艺为A2B22C11D1，即处方药材加60%浓度的10倍剂量的乙醇，提取2次，每次1.5h为最优。最佳制备工艺为A3B2C2，即干浸膏∶淀粉的比例为1∶2.5，并以90%乙醇为湿润剂，采用湿法制粒的方法，干燥温度为60℃，所制得颗粒剂经检查符合相关要求。结论：本试验所得复方莪术散颗粒剂的提取与制备工艺合理、可行，为该复方的开发利用提供了试验依据。}}     

酶解法辅助提取布渣叶总黄酮的工艺优选

目的：优选酶解法辅助提取布渣叶总黄酮的工艺条件。方法：以总黄酮提取率为指标，采用单因素试验、正交试验法，分别考察酶种类、酶用量、pH值、酶解时间及乙醇浓度对提取工艺的影响。结果：最佳工艺条件为复合酶（纤维素酶∶果胶酶=1∶1）用量1%，乙醇浓度60%，酶解1h，总黄酮提取率为20.90%，较未经酶解法提高了4.85%。结论：优选的工艺简单高效，为布渣叶总黄酮的开发利用提供了实验依据。     

正交试验优选猫爪草纳米乳喷雾剂的提取工艺

目的:正交试验优选猫爪草纳米乳喷雾剂的最佳提取工艺。方法:以总黄酮提取量和浸膏得率的综合评分为评价指标，在单因素试验基础上，采用L₉(3）正交试验考察猫爪草醇提工艺的溶剂体积、乙醇浓度、提取时间及提取温度对提取工艺的影响。结果:最佳提取工艺为以75%乙醇为提取溶剂，提取温度60 ℃，第1 次8倍量1.5 h，第2 次7倍量1 h，共提取2 次。结论:在单因素试验基础上，通过正交试验优选的提取工艺经验证稳定、简便易行、预测性好，为猫爪草纳米乳喷雾剂的进一步研发奠定了基础。     

基于QbD理念的肺复方颗粒醇提工艺研究

目的：基于质量源于设计（QbD）理念对肺复方颗粒醇提工艺进行研究与优化。方法：以固体物质提取量、重楼总皂苷提取量为关键质量属性（CQAs）,采用单因素和正交试验筛选潜在关键工艺参数（CPPs）,通过Box-Behnken设计建立模型,考察关键工艺参数与关键质量属性之间的交叉作用,并建立肺复方颗粒醇提工艺的设计空间及空间优化。结果：方差分析结果显示所建模型具有统计学意义（P＜0.05或P<0.01）,各因素与响应值之间可用所建模型进行函数化。通过设计空间优化得到肺复方颗粒最佳醇提工艺为：提取2次,提取时间为2 h/次,加75%乙醇6～6.8倍。结论：基于QbD理念研究和开发的肺复方颗粒醇提工艺稳定、可靠,为其制剂的工艺开发及质量控制提供了参考。     

益气逐瘀利水方基于信息熵的工艺优化研究

目的：优选益气逐瘀利水方的煎煮工艺参数。方法：以提取时间、提取次数和提取溶剂倍数为影响因素,以毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷（CG）含量和干浸膏率的综合评分为评价指标,设计正交实验并结合熵权法优选益气逐瘀利水方的最佳煎煮工艺。结果：最佳煎煮工艺为加12倍量的水,煎煮3次,每次1 h。结论：本研究工艺稳定,可为益气逐瘀利水方质量标准的制定提供参考。     

补肾健骨凝胶的制备工艺研究

目的：优选补肾健骨凝胶的制备工艺。方法：采用正交试验法,以干膏得量、补骨脂素、异补骨脂素含量为评价指标,优选最佳提取工艺;以外观形态、凝胶初黏度、pH值、指标成分累积渗透量为指标,分别将空白基质、中和剂及促渗剂进行筛选。结果：最佳提取工艺为按处方比例,称取除龙血竭外的补骨脂等5味药材,提取3次,第1次加8倍量80%乙醇,第2、3次分别加8倍量水,每次提取1 h。卡波姆、三乙醇胺、月桂氮卓酮的用量分别为制成量的1%、2%、2%。结论：制得的凝胶质地光滑细腻、药物分散良好。     

正交试验优选前列舒康片提取工艺研究

目的：优选前列舒康片的提取工艺。方法：以浸膏得率、盐酸小檗碱和京尼平苷酸为评价指标，将溶剂倍数、溶剂种类、提取时间、浸泡时间等作为考察因素，通过正交试验优选出前列舒康片的提取工艺。结果：优选出前列舒康片中黄柏醇提工艺为黄柏粗粉加乙醇回流提取2次，第1次加7倍量60%乙醇提取1.5h，第2次加6倍量60%醇提取1h；车前子等药材水提工艺为加水煎煮2次，1次加8倍量水，浸泡1h，煎煮2h；第2次加6倍量水，煎煮1.5h。结论：通过正交试验优选出的前列舒康片提取工艺合理可行、重复性良好，可为前列舒康片的工艺研究提供参照。     

桑枝酒蒸工艺的研究

目的：通过正交试验设计，优选出桑枝酒蒸的最佳炮制工艺。方法：选择黄酒量、蒸制时间、烘烤温度为考察因素，以桑皮苷A和氧化白藜芦醇的含量和95%乙醇浸出物为考察指标，选用L₉（3）正交表进行实验，优选桑枝的最佳酒蒸炮制工艺。结果：桑枝的最佳酒蒸工艺参数为加药材20%的黄酒，蒸制5 h，在50 ℃下烘烤2 h。结论：本研究优选的桑枝酒蒸工艺合理可行，为酒桑枝饮片质量标准的研究提供了实验依据。     

基于抗氧化活性评价优选禾本科芦笋多糖酶法提取工艺

目的：基于抗氧化活性评价优选禾本科芦笋多糖酶法提取工艺。方法：以活性部位总多糖浸出量与DPPH自由基清除率为评价指标进行评价，在单因素试验的基础上进行正交试验，优选禾本科芦笋多糖的提取工艺。结果：最佳酶法提取工艺为芦笋粉末加3.0%纤维素酶、pH 6.5的柠檬酸缓冲溶液，在45℃温浸提取1.5h，多糖提取量与DPPH自由基清除率分别达到66.58mg/g与65.24%。结论：正交试验法优选禾本科芦笋多糖的酶法提取工艺可行，该工艺为禾本科芦笋多糖的酶法提取优化提供了试验依据。     

老鹳草提取工艺优选及其对α-淀粉酶抑制作用的研究

目的：优选老鹳草中柯里拉京的提取工艺条件,并通过对 α-淀粉酶活力的抑制作用初步判断柯里拉京的降糖作用。方法：以柯里拉京提取率为指标,采用单因素考察提取方法、提取溶剂和提取次数对老鹳草柯里拉京提取率的影响;在单因素试验的基础上,采用正交设计法优化老鹳草水提取工艺条件。结果：老鹳草水提取的最佳工艺条件为加水回流提取2次,用量8,6倍,提取时间 1.5,1.5 h,在此条件下,老鹳草柯里拉京的提取率 1.2%,影响老鹳草柯里拉京提取率的因素从大到小依次为：加水倍数＞提取时间＞浸泡时间。结论：通过对α-淀粉酶活力的抑制作用测定,表明老鹳草中柯里拉京有较好的降糖作用。     

About the correlation between the distribution of the azooxantellate scleractinian corals and the abundance of the zooplankton in the surface waters

The correlation between the azooxantellate scleractinian coral distribution and the abundance of the zooplankton in the Atlantic Ocean is discussed. The analysis is based on a dataset of 943 specimens (82 species) sampled at 87 stations that were performed during the scientific cruises of Russian research vessels in the Atlantic. The hypothesis concerning if the coral biodiversity and population density correlate with the zooplankton abundance was tested. The relationships between these parameters are contradictory. High coral biodiversity and population density were registered for the areas of low and average zooplankton abundance in the surface waters.     

Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east

A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state.     

黄河入海径流对河口海域盐度影响研究

为研究黄河入海径流变化条件下河口附近海域盐度扩散特征,以更好地保护河口海域生物资源多样性,本文以黄河下游利津水文站的长序列实测径流数据资料为基础,利用近海水动力模型FVCOM,分析径流变化对黄河口海域盐度的影响规律。结果表明：黄河口与莱州湾之间存在顺时针的环流系统,在余流作用以及涨落潮方向的影响下,黄河冲淡水长期向莱州湾扩散;丰水期黄河冲淡水几乎影响了整个莱州湾,27盐度锋可以到达莱州湾中部,27等盐线的表层包络面积为2 665.61 km²,占莱州湾的1/4左右,枯水期低盐度水只有向南扩散的趋势,27以下的低盐度水集中分布在黄河口门附近,27等盐线的表层包络面积只有199.65 km²;5月份,随着入海径流量增加,27等盐线扩散的范围、距离、方向都会发生明显变化。在对近海生物资源有迫切保护需求的情景下,适当减少其他用水户供水量以增加入海生态径流量,可以有效改善黄河口海域附近的盐度情况,为生物资源的生长繁殖创造良好条件。     

美国加入《联合国海洋法公约》问题

1982年第三次联合国海洋法会议产生了《联合国海洋法公约》,美国积极参与并主导了该《公约》的整个谈判过程,对《公约》大部分条款持支持态度,但最终却没有签署《公约》,其原因主要在于它反对《公约》第十一部分关于深海采矿的规定。1994年《执行(公约)第十一部分的协定》对《公约》中与深海采矿有关的部分进行了实质性修改,满足了美国的利益和要求,但美国国内对《公约》还存在其他一些反对意见。目前美国国内各界支持加入《公约》的呼声日益高涨,美国正在积极考虑加入《公约》。     

加快渔业结构调整 促进海洋经济发展

射阳县位于江苏沿海中部，东临黄海，拥有海岸线长１０９ｋｍ，滩涂面积７万ｈａ，是江苏省渔业生产重点县之一。“九五”期间，射阳县把发展海洋渔业作为全县经济新的增长点来抓，不断加大开发力度，稳定提高捕捞业，全力突破养殖业，积极发展水产品加工业，取得显著成效，已成为海洋经济发展的先导产业和支柱产业，全县现有各类捕捞船只２０５８艘，总功率为７万多千瓦，海水养殖面积１万多公顷，育苗水体６５万ｍ３，水产品加工库容４０００余吨，年产各类海产品达５５万多吨。然而，在当前近海主要经济鱼类资源急剧衰退，伏季休渔期…     

On the peculiarity of the sound channel on the shelf of the North-European basin

Analysis of the sections traversing the polar hydrological front on the shelf of the North-European basin has enabled us to reveal the areas limited by closed isotaches of the sound velocity existing in the interfrontal zone at depths of 50–150 m. These areas represent the closed waveguide which has the property of an underwater sound channel.Translated by Mikhail M. Trufanov.     

On the Relationship between the Characteristics of the Annual Variations of the Virtual Height of the Ionospheric Sporadic E Layer with the Seasonal Rearrangements of the Stratomesospheric Circulation

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - Analysis of the temporal variations of the virtual heights of the sporadic E layer (h?ES) determined from ionograms with increased accuracy (1...     

A study on the polyculture of the algae, the shrimp and the crab

A study was made on the polyculture of the red algae Gracilaria tenuistipitata Chang et Xia f. Liui Zhang et Xia, f. nov. , the shrimp Penaeus penicillatus Alcock and the mud crab Scylla serrata (Forskal) . The photosynthesis of the algae produces the oxygen on which the shrimp and the crab breathe. The algae are the reproductive place of the organism for the food of the shrimp and the carb, also is the shelter of the shrimp and the crab. The shrimp and the crab regard the algae as the vegetable     

Investigation of the mechanism of the long-term evolution of the carbon cycle in the ecosystem of the Sevastopol bay

We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability.     

Model of the post-Cenozoic evolution of the cryolithozone of the shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea

The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ～200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ～380 km from the coast at a depth of ～250 m above the sea level.