雨生红球藻多糖的提取分离及理化性质研究

将雨生红球藻(Haematococcus pluvialis)经乙醇/乙酸乙酯(1:2,V/V)脱脂,通过冷水、热水和5%碳酸钠提取,得到3种粗多糖(HPC、HPH和HPA),通过Q-Sepharose FF阴离子交换柱进一步分级,从HPC中得到HPC1、HPC2和HPC3共3种多糖组分。运用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)、红外光谱(IR)等方法对其单糖组成、相对分子质量和基本结构特征进行分析比较。结果表明,各组分单糖组成复杂,主要含有半乳糖(Gal)、甘露糖(Man)、阿拉伯糖(Ara)、葡萄糖(Glc)、葡萄糖醛酸(GlcUA)、半乳糖醛酸(GalUA)、木糖(Xyl)、鼠李糖(Rha)、岩藻糖(Fuc)、葡萄糖胺(GlcN)和半乳糖胺(GalN),其中,Gal含量最高,大于20%。多糖HPC1、HPC2和HPC3的相对峰位分子质量分别为502.6,373.2,577.5和300.5 ku。     

含钾矿粉对胶质芽孢杆菌分泌胞外多糖的影响

研究了不同实验条件下,含钾矿粉对胶质芽孢杆菌（Bacillus mucilaginosus）分泌胞外多糖的影响,以进一步揭示细 菌与矿物的相互作用机理。实验分别采用无矿（不加含钾矿粉）无钾（不含可溶性钾）、无矿有钾（有可溶性钾）、有矿（100 mL培养液加0.3 g含钾矿粉）无钾及有矿有钾4组培养基培养胶质芽孢杆菌,进行产胞外多糖的分析比较。研究发现,在有 钾长石粉但不含钾离子的培养条件下,胶质芽孢杆菌产生的多糖和蛋白质含量最高;在既有钾矿粉又有可溶性钾离子存在 的培养条件下,菌体产生的蛋白质和胞外多糖含量稍低;在无钾矿粉的条件下,无论有没有钾离子的两种培养基中,蛋白 质和多糖含量都很低。研究结果表明,有无钾矿粉的不同培养条件能够引起胶质芽孢杆菌分泌胞外多糖的单糖组成成分产 生明显差异,胶质芽孢杆菌胞外分泌物与细菌对含钾矿粉中钾的利用密切相关。     

大米草多糖的提取及其单糖组成的GC-MS 分析

分析了海洋滩涂生物大米草(Spartina anglica)中的多糖成分和单糖组成,为这种生物资源的开发提供科学依据。利用水提醇沉、Sevag法脱蛋白得到纯大米草多糖,经三氟乙酸降解、糖腈乙酸酯衍生,最后用气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)分析大米草多糖中的单糖组成。结果表明大米草单糖组成为鼠李糖、核糖、阿拉伯糖、木糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖,其质量分数分别是:4.13%,3.02%,11.94%,8.89%,6.82%,27.18%,38.00%。大米草多糖是一种可利用的食品资源,其主要成分半乳糖、葡萄糖都是营养价值很高的单糖,大米草多糖可深入研究开发其生物活性用作保健食品。     

Analysis of the monosaccharide composition of fucoidan by precolumn derivation HPLC

We developed an HPLC method for analysis of the monosaccharide composition of fucoidans.The fucoidan was hydrolyzed into monosaccharides with 2 mol/L trifluoroacetic acid.Using ribose as the internal standard,the monosaccharide derivatives,obtained with 1-Phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone(PMP),were separated by reverse-phase HPLC using a gradient elution process,and monitored by ultraviolet detection at 245 nm.In the concentration range of 0.1-2.0 mmol/L,the peak area of each monosaccharide had a good linear rel...     

黄龙嗜冷细菌两种胞外单糖对碳酸钙矿化影响

为了探究黄龙水体中嗜冷细菌的胞外代谢产物对钙华沉积速率及沉积产物的影响,本文从黄龙钙华水体中分离到优势土著嗜冷细菌,并以其标志性胞外代谢产物D-葡萄糖和D-核糖作为研究对象,研究了两种单糖组分在低温环境下对钙华沉积的影响,并通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、红外吸收光谱(FT-IR)等分析手段对碳酸钙晶型、形貌以及结构组成进行了表征。实验表明:D-葡萄糖在低温条件下能促进方解石型碳酸钙的沉积,并加快沉积速率。低浓度下(20 mg/L和40 mg/L)的沉积产物均为方解石型碳酸钙并对其形貌有一定的影响;高浓度下(80 mg/L和160 mg/L)能诱导少量的文石型碳酸钙的合成。D-核糖在低温条件下能促进碳酸钙的沉积,加快沉积速率。与D-葡萄糖不同,D-核糖仅能合成方解石型碳酸钙,但对方解石晶面的生长表现为抑制作用,且随浓度增大抑制作用益明显。此结果可为黄龙钙华生物成因的探究提供一定的理论研究基础。     

菲律宾蛤仔糖胺聚糖的纯化及单糖组成的研究

菲律宾蛤仔中提取的糖胺聚糖(GAGs)粗品,经DEAE-52-离子交换柱层析和Sephadex G-100凝胶柱纯化后,采用Sephadex G-100凝胶柱层析法测定该糖胺聚糖纯品F-1-1的相对分子质量,并以薄板层析(TLC)法对F-1-1的酸水解液进行单糖组成分析。结果表明:两级纯化得到均一的糖胺聚糖,其相对分子质量为4.4×104,单糖组分主要为氨基半乳糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖;对多糖进行两级纯化效果较好,纯品可进行结构分析;TLC法可快速分析水解多糖的单糖组成。     

高效毛细管电泳法测定海参多糖的单糖组成

目的:采用高效毛细管电泳法测定3种不同海参多糖的单糖组成。方法:海参多糖水解后,经PMP衍生化,高效毛细管电泳分析。电泳条件:缓冲液为60 mmol.L-1硼砂溶液(pH=9.0);柱温25℃;运行电压25 kV;检测波长245 nm;压力进样50 mbar,进样时间5 s。结果:3种不同海参多糖中均含GalN、GlcN、GalNAC、Glc、Man、Fuc、Gal、GlcUA,梅花参多糖中各单糖的摩尔比为1.00∶1.02∶1.63∶1.19∶1.02∶10.26∶0.82∶0.38,四方刺参多糖中各单糖的摩尔比为1.00∶0.41∶0.43∶0.56∶0.29∶5.47∶0.43∶0.25,北极参多糖中各单糖的摩尔比为1.00∶0.26∶0.22∶0.25∶0.06∶1.36∶0.27∶0.16。结论:该方法具有简单、快速、分离效率高等特点,能同时测定海参多糖中氨基糖、中性糖、糖醛酸的组成。     

Properties of polysaccharides in several seaweeds from Atlantic Canada and their potential anti-influenza viral activities

To explore the polysaccharides from selected seaweeds of Atlantic Canada and to evaluate their potential anti-influenza virus activities, polysaccharides were isolated from several Atlantic Canadian seaweeds, including three red algae (Polysiphonia lanosa, Furcellaria lumbricalis, and Palmaria palmata), two brown algae (Ascophyllum nodosum and Fucus vesiculosus), and one green alga (Ulva lactuca) by sequential extraction with cold water, hot water, and alkali solutions. These polysaccharides were ana-lyzed for monosaccharide composition and other general chemical properties, and they were evaluated for anti-influenza virus activities. Total sugar contents in these polysaccharides ranged from 15.4% (in U. lactuca) to 91.4% (in F. lumbricalis); sulfation level was as high as 17.6% in a polysaccharide from U. lactuca, whereas it could not be detected in an alikali-extract from P. palmaria. For polysaccharides from red seaweeds, the main sugar units were sulfated galactans (agar or carrageenan) for P. lanosa, F. lumbricalis, and xylans for P. palmata. In brown seaweeds, the polysaccharides largely contained sulfated fucans, whereas the polysaccharides in green seaweed were mainly composed of heteroglycuronans. Screening for antiviral activity against influenza A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) virus revealed that brown algal polysaccharides were particularly effective. Seaweeds from Atlantic Canada are a good source of marine polysaccharides with potential antiviral properties.