1961-2008年中国西南地区极端气候变化幅度的海拔效应(英文)

A total of 12 indices of temperature extremes and 11 indices of precipitation ex-tremes at 111 stations in southwestern China at altitudes of 285-4700 m were examined for the period 1961-2008. Significant correlations of temperature extremes and elevation in-cluded the trends of diurnal temperature range, frost days, ice days, cold night frequency and cold day frequency. Regional trends of growing season length, warm night frequency, coldest night and warmest night displayed a statistically significant positive correlation with altitude. These characteristics indicated the obvious warming with altitude. For precipitation extreme indices, only the trends of consecutive dry days, consecutive wet days, wet day precipitation and the number of heavy precipitation days had significant correlations with increasing alti-tude owing to the complex influence of atmospheric circulation. It also indicated the increased precipitation mainly at higher altitude areas, whereas the increase of extreme precipitation events mainly at lowers altitude. In addition, the clearly local influences are also crucial on climate extremes. The analysis revealed an enhanced sensitivity of climate extremes to ele-vation in southwestern China in the context of recent warming.     

天山破城子冰期的冰进及ESR年代学研究

破城子冰期是天山地区第四纪冰期划分中最具代表性的冰期之一,其沉积地形为形态较清晰的多列终碛垅组成,呈扇形展布在最大的现代冰川作用中心托木尔峰东南坡的木扎尔特河河口与山麓带．冰碛地形记录了复杂的冰川进退史,包含着丰富的古环境变化信息,对它们进行研究有助于恢复这次冰期的冰川演化史与重建该地区的古环境．应用ESR测年技术,选用石英颗粒中对光照与研磨作用都较敏感的Ge心作为测年信号,对该处出露完整的沉积剖面Ⅰ层的冰川沉积、数列终碛垅与冰水沉积进行定年,获得3组年代分别为13．6～25．3,39．5～40.4与64．2～71．7ka．结合地貌地层学原理与其它研究资料进行综合分析可得出：破城子多列终碛垅形成于末次冰期,在末次冰川作用过程中该处存在至少3次大的冰进,可分别对应于MIS2,MIS3b与MIS4．MIS2与MIS3b时的冰川为复合山谷冰川,MIS4时的冰川为山麓冰川．三次冰进规模最大时的冰川长度分别约为94,95与99km．     

低温无固相钻井液配方优选及经济性评价

为解决高原冻土和天然气水合物勘探过程中钻进和取心问题,选择了NaCl作为抗冻剂,抗盐共聚物GTQ和水解聚丙烯酰胺PHP作为主要聚合物试剂,采用正交试验法,在常温下优选出了9组配方,经过低温测试,确定了在 -15 ℃可用的钻井液配方Z1（20%NaCl+0.1%PHP+1.2%GTQ+1%KHm）和Z2（25%NaCl+0.15%PHP+1.0%GTQ+1%KHm）,其主要性能指标分别为：AV值46.5、47.5 mPa·s,PV值34、35 mPa·s,YP值12.8、12.8 Pa,FLAPI值6.8、7.6 mL/30 min。经成本核算,2种配方具有比较好的经济性,可以满足高原冻土层钻进要求。     

玉龙雪山现代季风温冰川对气候变化的响应

以玉龙雪山冰川区为研究区,基于野外观测数据及遥感数据,分析玉龙雪山现代季风温冰川的响应过程,探讨冰川变化的主要原因。结果表明:玉龙雪山地区冰川持续退缩明显;近年来白水1号冰川冰裂隙数量增多,规模扩大,冰川退缩速度不断加快;冰川冰体温度升高,从而导致冰川消融加快;2004和2009年在玉龙雪山东坡发生的崩塌事件,是冰川消融加剧,冰体温度上升的直接反应;气候变暖是玉龙雪山冰川退缩的主要原因。     

Mass balance and near-surface ice temperature structure of Baishui Glacier No.1 in Mt. Yulong

The accumulation and ablation of a glacier directly reflect its mass income and wastage, and ice temperature indicates glacier＇s climatic and dynamic conditions. Glaciological studies at Baishui Glacier No.1 in Mt. Yulong are important for estimating recent changes of the cryosphere in Hengduan Mountains. Increased glacier ablation and higher ice temperatures can cause the incidents of icefall. Therefore, it is important to conduct the study of glacier mass balance and ice temperature, but there are few studies in relation to glacier＇s mass balance and active-layer temperature in China＇s monsoonal temperate glacier region. Based on the field observations of mass balance and glacier temperature at Baishui Glacier No.1, its accumulation, ablation, net balance and near-surface ice temperature structure were analyzed and studied in this paper. Results showed that the accumulation period was ranged from October to the following mid-May, and the ablation period occurred from mid-May to October, suggesting that the ablation period of temperate glacier began about 15 days earlier than that of continental glaciers, while the accumulation period began about 15 days later. The glacier ablation rate was 6.47 cm d 1 at an elevation of 4600 m between June 23 and August 30, and it was 7.4 cm d 1 at 4800 m between June 26 and July 11 in 1982, moreover, they respectively increased to 9.2 cm d 1 and 10.8 cm d 1 in the corresponding period and altitude in 2009, indicating that glacier ablation has greatly intensified in the past years. The temperature of the main glacier body was close to melting point in summer, and it dropped from the glacier surface and reached a minimum value at a depth of 4-6 m in the ablation zone. The temperature then rose to around melting point with the depth increment. In winter, the ice temperature rose gradually with the increasing depth, and close to melting point at the depth of 10 m. Compared with the data from 1982, the glacier temperature has risen in the ablation zone in recent decades.     

珠江三角洲感潮河网区水环境引水调控研究

本文以珠江三角洲中顺大围为例,提出通过引水调控措施将内河涌由双向流变为单向流改善河涌水环境,建立水量水质联合调控模型,模拟引水调控实施效果。调控结果表明,在截污的前提下,通过科学调度泵站及围内节制闸,从上游引入大量外江清水,抬高内河水位,加快水体循环,可逐步改善围内水环境;对类似河涌的水环境整治,可建立河涌与外江互通可控的水网体系,同时对内河涌的点源和面源污染采取截污治理措施,从根本上解决内河涌污染问题。本文的研究可为感潮河网区河涌整治提供参考,并为感潮河网区引调清水工程的实施提供借鉴。     

1900-2007年横断山区部分海洋型冰川变化

横断山区7条海洋型冰川近百年进退速度变化呈现出以退缩为总趋势的阶段性变化,具体表现为20世纪初至1930s的冰川稳定,1930s-1960s的冰川后退,1970s-1980s的冰川稳定或减速后退,20世纪80年代中期以来的冰川后退,这与我国、北半球及横断山区同期的气候变化呈明显对应,展现出冷干阶段冰川稳定或前进、暖湿阶段后退的态势,但各冰川的变化幅度因纬度位置、坡向、冰川规模、局地环境等而存在明显差异.1982/83年大、小贡巴冰川、海螺沟冰川冰舌段的消融水当量分别为2710mm、3139 mm和5281 mm,1990/91-97/98期间海螺沟冰川冰舌段的年均消融水当量为6157 mm,比1982/83年增加了876 mm.2002年夏季白水1号冰川的积雪消融量由于表碛覆盖较少表现出明显的随海拔升高而降低的特征,平均消融水当量为1086.25 mm,2008.9-19.10.13期间白水1号冰川物质平衡花竿的观测表明,花竿布设区域10月6号左右转入物质积累期.期间日均积累深为1cm,折合水当量5mm.     

下辽河平原地区历史地面沉降情况研究

地面沉降不但影响到下辽河平原地区的经济生产,而且导致湿地逐年退化,对生态环境产生非常严重的影响.该区域没有监测网络,无法知道具体的沉降范围和大小.为了查清下辽河平原历史地面沉降状况,有效地服务于地方经济发展和环境改善,首次在下辽河平原区域提出了地形图比对方法.通过搜集不同时期地形图,对同一高程点进行比对,结果表明下辽河平原地区围绕着油田集中采油区和地下水集中开采区,存在地面沉降现象,最大沉降量达到3 m.地形图比对有效地解决了下辽河平原无法确定沉降范围和量级的困难,是一种在没有监测网络的情况下,掌握工作区地面沉降情况的良好方法.     

玉龙雪山周边典型河流雨季水化学特征分析

2009 年5~10 月在玉龙雪山周边典型小流域白水河、三束河、哥吉河采集河水样品,水化学分析结果表明,三条河流河水均呈现弱碱性,主要离子组成表现为富集Ca²⁺+Mg²⁺和HCO₃^-+SO₄^2-,且以Ca²⁺和HCO₃^-为主,各类离子存在显著季节变化。离子来源分析表明,玉龙雪山周边小流域河水雨季主要受降水和岩石风化影响,大气降水对河水主要常规离子Na⁺、K⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、SO₄^2-的贡献率为分别为23.44%,9.66%,3.10%,17.81%,10.48%。研究区碳酸盐岩的风化产物是河水离子组成的主要控制因素。     

深水波中进动共振的数值模拟研究

进动(precession)共振是一种非线性共振相互作用,2016年才有学者对这一现象进行研究。采用非静压二维自由表面流模型模拟了深水条件下重力波的进动共振现象。通过边界造波的方法产生双色波,分析了触发进动共振的初始条件;探讨了进动共振在小振幅前提条件下发生的简化初始条件。数值模拟分析两组对称测点,对不同测点的波面、能量谱进行对比分析。数值结果表明:非静压二维自由表面流模型可以模拟进动共振现象,并且可以采用双色波作为条件来研究深水五波进动共振现象,进动共振需要一定的能量转化时间,进动共振发生的条件是三波组合的进动频率等于一个系统存在的非线性频率。