Effect of bis(tributyltin) oxide on reproduction and population growth rate of calanoid copepod Schmackeria poplesia

A full life-cycle toxicity test, combined with histology, on calanoid copepod Schmackeria poplesia was used to study the effect of bis(tributyltin) oxide (TBTO). The results indicate no sex-specific differences in TBTO toxicity. Long-term mortalities of the copepods exposed to concentrations higher than 20 ng TBTO L⁻¹ were significantly elevated compared with that of control, and larval development was inhibited when they were exposed to 40 and 60 ng TBTO L⁻¹. The percentages of ovigerous females were reduced compared with the control (P<0.01) after 24 days exposure to concentrations higher than 10 ng TBTO L⁻¹. Histological examinations suggest that exposure to TBTO might block the posterior end of the diverticula and inhibits the production of egg sacs. A modified Euler-Lotka equation was used to calculate a population-level endpoint, the intrinsic rate of natural increase (r _m), from individual life-table endpoints, i.e. mortality rate, time of release of first brood, sex ratio, the fraction of ovigerous females among all females as well as the number of nauplii per ovigerous female. Apart from the highest TBTO concentration (60 ng L⁻¹), where all females aborted their egg sacs, 20 ng TBTO L⁻¹ was the only concentration that significantly decreased r _m compared with that of control (an effect associated with decreased sex ratio). The results show that the S. poplesia is affected by prolonged exposure to low concentrations of TBTO. The full life-cycle toxicity test combined with histology experiments provides more integral understanding of the toxicity of endocrine disrupters.     

基于LLC4320环境数据的吕宋海峡声学特征分析

声波是水下信息获取和目标探测的主要手段,其在海洋波导中的传播特性及声场分布与海洋动力环境紧密相关。基于LLC4320再分析数据,针对吕宋海峡及其周边海域,开展了局部环境场特征和声学特征分析,评价了高分辨率数据对于声学特征研究的适用性。首先,通过分析该区域1月温盐场的时间和空间变化特征,结合跃层的空间分布和时间变化,研究了吕宋海峡区域的动力环境特征;其次,开展了声传播规律的研究,并评价了声速、声传播特征等与温盐场的相关性,可为高分辨率的海洋数值模拟在海洋声学特征研究中的应用提供参考。     

夏季和冬季南黄海浮游动物分布特征

本文根据2015年8月(夏季)和2016年1月(冬季)南黄海海域的调查资料,研究了该海域夏冬两季浮游动物的时空分布。结果如下,两季样品共鉴定出103种浮游动物,夏季种类数(96种)冬季(45种)。夏季优势种数为3种,冬季为6种。夏季和冬季浮游动物丰度均值分别为17 835.8和1 856.3ind/m~3,生物量均值分别为2 334.2和910.4mg/m~3。PRIMER5.2软件相似性分析表明:夏季,相似性在51.89%~56.07%时,可以将各站位划分为5个群落;冬季,相似性在59.91%~65.82%时,可划分为3个群落。相似性聚类分析时,按属或按科进行统计与按种进行统计相比产生的数据损失分别约为6%和10%。浮游动物总种数减少时,按更高阶元进行聚类所产生的数据损失也会减少。     

Using DNA damage to monitor water environment

DNA damage of aquatic organisms living in polluted environments can be used as a biomarker of the genotoxicity of toxic agents to organisms. This technique has been playing an important role in ecotoxicologlcal study and environmental risk assessment. In this article, main types of DNA damage caused by pollutants in water environments were reviewed; methods of detecting DNA damage were also documented for water environmental monitoring.     

Effect of bis(tributyltin)oxide on reproduction and population growth rate of calanoid copepod Schmackeria poplesia

A full life-cycle toxicity test,combined with histology,on calanoid copepod Schmackeria poplesia was used to study the effect of bis(tributyltin)oxide(TBTO).The results indicate no sex-specific differences in TBTO toxicity.Long-term mortalities of the copepods exposed to concentrations higher than 20 ng TBTO L-1were significantly elevated compared with that of control,and larval development was inhibited when they were exposed to 40 and 60 ng TBTO L-1.The percentages of ovigerous females were reduced compared with the control(P0.01)after 24 days exposure to concentrations higher than 10 ng TBTO L-1.Histological examinations suggest that exposure to TBTO might block the posterior end of the diverticula and inhibits the production of egg sacs.A modified Euler-Lotka equation was used to calculate a population-level endpoint,the intrinsic rate of natural increase(rm),from individual life-table endpoints,i.e.mortality rate,time of release of first brood,sex ratio,the fraction of ovigerous females among all females as well as the number of nauplii per ovigerous female.Apart from the highest TBTO concentration(60 ng L-1),where all females aborted their egg sacs,20 ng TBTO L-1was the only concentration that significantly decreased rm compared with that of control(an effect associated with decreased sex ratio).The results show that the S.poplesia is affected by prolonged exposure to low concentrations of TBTO.The full life-cycle toxicity test combined with histology experiments provides more integral understanding of the toxicity of endocrine disrupters.     

南昌城市社会区研究--基于第五次人口普查数据的分析

中国城市社会区分异的研究起步较晚,现有的研究成果基本都是讨论计划经济体制向市场经济体制转轨初期的城市社会区分异现象。本文以南昌市为例,利用分街道第五次人口普查数据,运用因子生态学的方法,对改革开放20年后社会主义市场经济体制作用下的城市社会区进行研究。研究结果显示,住房状况、文化与职业状况、家庭状况和外来人口状况是南昌城市社会区分异的主要影响因子,其中家庭状况因子的空间分布呈现出同心圆模式和扇形模式的复合特征,其他因子的空间分布则具有扇形模式的特征。根据主因子的分布情况,南昌城市社会区可以划分为七类,社会区的空间分布形成一种同心圆和扇形的复合结构。     

火腿许水蚤对牙鲆仔稚鱼成活、生长及脂肪酸组成的影响

在分析火腿许水蚤、卤虫无节幼体及轮虫这3种饵料生物脂肪酸组成的基础上,研究它们对牙鲆仔稚鱼存活、生长及脂肪酸组成的影响。结果表明:火腿许水蚤体内3种高度不饱和脂肪酸(ARA,EPA,DHA)总量为34.18%,明显高于其它2种动物的含量(卤虫无节幼体4.67%;小球藻强化轮虫9.39%)。投喂火腿许水蚤的仔鱼成活率极显著高于投喂卤虫无节幼体的仔鱼,与投喂混合饵料(卤虫无节幼体和火腿许水蚤按比例混合)的仔鱼存活率差异较显著;其全长增长倍数和增重倍数极显著高于投喂卤虫无节幼体和混合饵料的仔鱼。投喂火腿许水蚤的稚鱼成活率显著高于投喂卤虫无节幼体的稚鱼,与投喂混合饵料的稚鱼存活率差异不显著;其全长增长倍数和增重倍数极显著高于投喂卤虫无节幼体和混合饵料的稚鱼。投火腿许水蚤的仔稚鱼体内ARA、EPA、DHA的含量明显高于投喂混合饵料的和投喂卤虫无节幼体的仔稚鱼。     

汕头市的城市性质和功能定位

汕头市由于其优势的地理位置，自古以来就是商贸和海运发达的港口城市，目前，其主要经济表现为以劳动密集型、民营经济占主导。改革开放后，尤其是“八五”以后，汕头市的基础设施得到较大改善，由此带动经济的迅速发展，然而人才、政策的局限以及改革开放以后珠江三角洲地区的迅速发展，使汕头市历史上具有的区域中心的地位受到严重挑战，结合汕头市实际发展状况和特点，建议本次规划把汕头市的城市性质定位为：中国经济特区之一；粤东地区中心城市；外向型，以区域生前性服务为主，劳动密集型制造业发达的港口城市。     

南黄海浮游动物群落结构研究

根据2014年春、秋季南黄海16个站位的生物样品进行了浮游动物群落结构研究。共鉴定出99种浮游动物,其中春季68种,秋季78种。除浮游幼虫外,种类较多的类群是桡足类(34种,占总种类数的34.3%)、水螅水母(13种,13.1%)和端足类(5种,5.0%)。春季优势种为夜光虫(Y=0.259 7)、桡足幼体(Y=0.135 3)、拟长腹剑水蚤(Y=0.060 8)和伪长腹剑水蚤(Y=0.022 4),秋季时桡足幼体(Y=0.335 9)、伪长腹剑水蚤(Y=0.115 7)、强额拟哲水蚤(Y=0.053 3)、桡足类无节幼虫(Y=0.051 4)和拟长腹剑水蚤(Y=0.041 0)是优势种。春季浮游动物平均生物量为1 555.1 mg/m~3,秋季为425.8 mg/m~3。春季平均丰度为9 551.4个/m~3,秋季为2 103.7个/m~3。秋季香农-威纳指数、丰富度和均匀度结果皆比春季的高。浮游动物生物量与温度和水深相关性更高;丰度和温度相关性最高,其次和水深相关。