利用低空视频检测道路车辆

针对背景像素的移动,提出了SURF特征稳像和光流法向量相结合的新方法来解决低空视频的道路车辆检测。首先,检测两帧图像的SURF特征;再用最近邻匹配得到两幅图像的匹配点对;随后结合RANSAC和最小二乘法计算全局运动参数向量,获得稳定的帧;最后,根据稳定的帧计算光流法向量,并检测出运动车辆。实验结果表明,基于SURF算子的图像稳像算法在不损失稳像精度的前提下,能够提高图像稳像算法的速度,所提方法能够有效地检测出运动车辆。     

曲率积分约束的GPS浮动车地图匹配方法

提出了以轨迹曲线的曲率积分值作为地图匹配特征的匹配方法,利用轨迹曲率积分值约束前后相邻轨迹点的关联匹配,采用不同类型行驶路径以及不同采样间隔,实施了浮动车地图匹配试验,结果表明,以匹配正确率和稳定性评判,本文提出的曲率积分约束的浮动车地图匹配方法优于现有的未采用曲率特征匹配的经典浮动车地图匹配方法。     

2014年夏季我国气候异常及成因简析

2014年夏季,全国平均气温为21．1℃,较常年同期偏高0．2℃。全国平均降水量为320．1 mm,较常年同期偏少1．6％,空间分布呈现北少南多的显著特征,其中黄淮地区平均降水量与1999年并列历史同期最少。进一步对2014年夏季我国降水异常成因分析表明,东亚夏季风偏弱及西北太平洋副热带高压偏强、偏南是造成我国夏季降水北少南多的直接原因;印度洋海温偏暖和厄尔尼诺状态共同作用导致副热带高压持续偏强偏南;两者是造成降水异常的重要外强迫条件。     

全球变暖背景下我国春季气温的时空变化特征

利用我国台站观测逐日气温资料和美国NCEP/NCAR再分析大气环流资料,通过分析比较我国1951—1980和1981—2010年两个时段春季气温的季节、月、候时间尺度的气候平均特征,研究20世纪80年代以后的春季气温和季节进程的变化特征,并初步探讨了春季气温变化的可能原因。结果表明：20世纪80年代以后,除了西南等地,全国大部分地区春季增温,由东北到西南呈现气温“升高—降低”的形势。在春季3—5月,除西南局部地区气温下降外,全国其余大部分地区气温升高0~1℃。3—5月季节进程在江南和西南东部地区加快,内蒙古和华南南部地区则经历了由快到慢的变化,东北地区、西南地区南部、西北地区北部春季进程速度减慢。总体来说,在全球变暖背景下,我国东部地区春季开始早、结束早,西部地区春季开始和结束时间变化不明显。与1951—1980年相比,20世纪80年代以后,春季乌拉尔山地区高压减弱,东亚大槽减弱,亚洲中高纬地区纬向环流加强,西太平洋副热带高压加强,东亚副热带西风急流明显增强,因此不利于来自北半球极地和高纬地区的冷空气影响我国,我国大部（特别是东北）地区春季气温偏高。但是,中东急流偏强,东亚副热带急流偏南,有利于欧洲中东部冷空气影响我国西南地区,导致西南地区气温偏低;同时,南支槽偏弱,不利于印度洋和孟加拉湾的暖湿气流向北影响我国西南地区,也使得西南地区气温易于偏低。     

IMPROVEMENT OF OCEAN DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM AND CLIMATE PREDICTION BY ASSIMILATING ARGO DATA

The Argo(Array for Real-time Geostrophic Oceanography) data from 1998 to 2003 were used in the Beijing Climate Center-Global Ocean Data Assimilation System(BCC-GODAS). The results show that the utilization of Argo global ocean data in BCC-GODAS brings about remarkable improvements in assimilation effects. The assimilated sea surface temperature(SST) of BCC-GODAS can well represent the climatological states of observational data. Comparison experiments based on a global coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model(AOCGM) were conducted for exploring the roles of ocean data assimilation system with or without Argo data in improving the climate predictability of rainfall in boreal summer. Firstly, the global ocean data assimilation system BCC-GODAS was used to obtain ocean assimilation data under the conditions with or without Argo data. Then, the global coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model(AOCGM) was utilized to do hindcast experiments with the two sets of the assimilation data as initial oceanic fields. The simulated results demonstrate that the seasonal predictability of rainfall in boreal summer, particularly in China, increases greatly when initial oceanic conditions with Argo data are utilized. The distribution of summer rainfall in China hindcast by the AOGCM under the condition when Argo data are used is more in accordance with observation than that when no Agro data are used. The area of positive correlation between hindcast and observation enlarges and the hindcast skill of rainfall over China in summer improves significantly when Argo data are used.     

利用激光三角法进行快速车辙检测

为了实现实时车辙测量及绘制足够密集的路面剖面线,分别设定全局和局部阈值,利用局部梯度极大值及邻域灰度进行激光线判断和提取;提出了基于Delaunay三角网的标定点网格建立及测量点的物方坐标反算方法。实验路段的检测结果表明,车辙检测仪的检测结果与人工检测结果符合得较好,可以作为路面车辙测量的可靠工具。     

基于GPS轨迹数据的地图匹配算法

针对GPS浮动车轨迹数据具有整体运动趋势的特点,结合城市路网行车限制的约束,提出一种GPS轨迹数据的全局地图匹配方法,综合考虑轨迹曲线与路网路径的曲线相似性、实际行车的路段几何拓扑和交通管制约束下的连通性,实现较好的地图匹配效果,并通过实验进行验证,为GPS浮动车数据的进一步分析应用打下基础。     

热带大气ISO在几种再分析资料中的对比分析

利用NCEP/NCAR, NCEP/DOE和ERA40 3套再分析资料的逐日200 hPa纬向风数据,选取1961—1990年、1971—2000年和1981—2010年3种不同气候态,对比分析了3种气候态下热带大气季节内振荡 (ISO) 的基本气候特征及其在不同再分析资料中的异同。研究表明:1981—2010年气候态下,热带大气ISO冬春强、夏秋弱的年循环特征更加明显,东传短波能量增强,起始北传时间偏晚。NCEP/NCAR与NCEP/DOE资料所表征的热带大气ISO在空间分布、强度和能量传播方面的一致性较好。NCEP/NCAR资料反映的热带大气ISO强度在热带印度洋和热带西太平洋地区较ERA40资料偏弱,在赤道东太平洋地区较ERA40资料偏强;ERA40资料反映的热带大气ISO强度在12月—次年3月中旬较NCEP/NCAR资料偏强,而在3月中旬—11月偏弱;ERA40资料反映的热带大气ISO振荡位相较NCEP/NCAR资料超前10 d左右;NCEP/NCAR资料反映的东传谱能量弱于ERA40资料,西传能量强于ERA40资料;7月中旬,NCEP/NCAR资料反映的东亚地区大气ISO经向北传较ERA40资料偏晚。     

World Wide Web(WWW)上矢量地图数据的多分辨率传输算法

提出一种用于网络环境下多分辨率传输矢量地图数据的算法,此算法采用"点删除"技术用于多分辨率描述原始的矢量地图数据,而且能够避免空间对象的自相交和维护拓扑关系的一致性.以此算法为基础开发了一个Client/Server结构的实验软件,在实验结果的基础上评估了该算法对提高网络环境下矢量地图数据传输效率的效果.实验结果表明该算法用于矢量地图数据的多分辨率快速传输是有效的.     

Sea Surface Temperature Extremes of Different Intensity in the China Seas During the Global Warming Acceleration and Hiatus Periods

Based on the daily OISST V2 with 0.25o horizontal resolutions, we study the variations of sea surface temperature (SST) extremes in the China Seas for different segments of the period 1982-2013. The two segments include the warming acceleration period from 1982 to 1997 and hiatus period from 1998 to 2013 when the global surface mean temperature (GSMT) was not significantly warming as expected during the past decades, or even cooling in some areas. First, we construct the regional average time series over the entire China Seas (15o–45oN, 105o–130oE) for these SST extremes. During the hiatus period, the regionally averaged 10th, 1th and 0.1th percentile of SSTs in each year decreased significantly by 0.40°C, 0.56°C and 0.58°C per decade, respectively. The regionally averaged 90th, 99th and 99.9th percentile of SSTs in each year decreased slightly or insignificantly. Our work confirmed that the regional hiatus was primarily reflected by wintertime cold extremes. Spatially, the trends of cold extremes in different intensity were non-uniformly distributed. Cold extremes in the near-shore areas are much more sensitivity to the global warming hiatus. Hot extremes trends exhibited non-significant tendency in the China Seas during the hiatus period. In word, the variations of the SST extremes in the two periods were non-uniform spatially and asymmetric seasonally. It is unexpected that the hot and cold extremes of each year in 1998–2013 were still higher than those extremes in 1982–1997. It is obvious that relative to the warming acceleration period, hot extremes are far more likely to occur in the recent hiatus as a result of a 0.3°C warmer shift in the mean temperature distribution. Moreover, hot extremes in the China Seas will be sustained or amplified with the end of warming hiatus and the continuous anthropogenic warming.