内蒙古黄岗梁锡铁多金属矿床层状夕卡岩的喷流沉积成因

内蒙古自治区黄岗梁矿床是大兴安岭中南段的一个大型Sn-Fe多金属矿床,燕山期火山侵入岩广泛出露,通过对矿床地球化学特征的系统研究,并结合矿床地质特征,得出的主要研究成果为:①与含微细浸染胶状锡的磁铁矿层共生的层状夕卡岩与海底火山活动关系密切,是一种很具特色的喷流岩;②REE地球化学特征表明,该矿床层状夕卡岩与典型岩浆热液接触交代夕卡岩存在较大差异,而与现代海底热流体和喷流型矿床及其共生的热水沉积岩有较大的相似性,应属热水喷流成因;③层状夕卡岩的碳、氧同位素组成关系可与许多沉积喷流型块状硫化物矿石及其共生的喷流岩相对比,暗示了两者具有相似的形成机理。     

蒙库铁矿床与镜铁山铁矿床的对比研究

蒙库铁矿床被认为是与海底喷流沉积作用有关的铁矿床,但存在很大的争议.文章将其与典型的喷流沉积型铁矿--镜铁山铁矿床对比,并结合野外的第一手资料,发现蒙库铁矿床的喷流沉积特征并不明显,而热液成矿作用比较明显,但是热液的性质和来源、成矿时间等尚不明了,蒙库铁矿的成因机理仍有待深入研究.     

瑶岭钨矿白基寨花岗岩地质特征及成矿意义

通过地质填图、钻探、土壤地球化学、磁法测量和岩石地球化学等手段,揭露了白基寨花岗岩的空间架构和地质特征,并分析了花岗岩的地球化学特征。该岩体具有高分异性(SiO270%,δEu在0.03～0.09之间),高K2O,且K2O/Na2O1等特征。Ba、Nb、P和Ti相对亏损,Rb、Ta、Th和K等大离子亲石元素富集,稀土元素四分组效应明显,呈海鸥"V"型。花岗岩源岩为泥质岩和硬砂岩混合而成,形成于同碰撞环境。岩体具有边部倾角小,高挥发份元素向上运移明显、强烈流体、熔体相互作用等有利成矿条件特点,在岩体边部成矿流体与碳酸岩盐相互作用形成白钨矿化体。矿区中部凹勺状区域和ZK3002-ZK3001段是找矽卡岩型白钨矿的有利潜在区域。     

柴达木盆地南缘祁漫塔格—鄂拉山地区斑岩-矽卡岩矿床地质

柴达木盆地南缘祁漫塔格-鄂拉山地区发育斑岩-矽卡岩型铜多金属矿床,成矿主元素为Cu、Mo、Pb、Zn,大部分矿床伴生Au、Ag。斑岩型和矽卡岩型矿（化）体共生于同一个矿区之中,是这类矿床的一个重要特点。与成矿有关的侵入体是印支期的中酸性小岩体,它们具有浅成_超浅成和高侵位等特点。斑岩-矽卡岩矿床的成岩年龄和成矿年龄一致,形成于中三叠世至晚三叠世。它们是东昆仑造山带晚碰撞造山阶段壳-幔作用（幔源岩浆底侵-岩浆混合）的产物,与东昆仑地区这一时期的矽卡岩型铁多金属矿床、热液脉状多金属矿床,以及造山型金矿床共同构成了一个矿床成矿系列。     

米仓山矽卡岩型铁矿成矿地质特征与找矿前景

米仓山基底铁矿有4种类型,但以高温热液~接触交代(矽卡岩)型铁矿为主,并以其优良的选冶性能著称。该类型按控矿型式,产出特征,蚀变情况可大致分上、中、下三带,从而进行深部预测。     

胶东半岛烟台地区杏山北钼矿床地质特征及其找矿预测

杏山北钼矿床为胶东半岛一典型矽卡岩型钼矿床,位于著名牟平乳山金成矿带和蓬莱栖霞金成矿带之间,区域上位于胶东辽东钼成矿带,具有较好的成矿地质条件。通过对比胶东地区其他典型钼矿床地质特征,认为胶东半岛钼矿床存在两期成矿时代;矽卡岩型矿床主要受近EW向断裂构造控制,斑岩型矿床主要受近EW向与NE向断裂复合构造控制。通过物探异常预测,认为杏山北钼矿床深部是寻找矽卡岩型和斑岩型铜钼矿床的有利部位。     

Geochemical Characteristics,Origin, and Evolution of Ore‐Forming Fluids of the Khut Copper Skarn Deposit,West of Yazd in Central Iran

The Khut copper skarn deposit is located at about 50 km northwest of Taft City in Yazd province in the middle part of the Urumieh‐Dokhtar magmatic arc. Intrusion of granitoid of Oligocene–Miocene age into carbonate rocks of the Triassic Nayband Formation led to the formation of marble and a calcic skarn. The marble contains high grade Cu mineralization that occurs mainly as open space filling and replacement. Cu‐rich sulfide samples from the mineralized marble are also anomalous in Au, Zn, and Pb. In contrast, the calcic skarn is only weakly anomalous in Cu and W. The calcic skarn is divided into garnet skarn and garnet–pyroxene skarn zones. Paragenetic relationships and microthermometric data from fluid inclusions in garnet and calcite indicate that the compositional evolution of skarn minerals occurred in three main stages as follows. (i) The early prograde stage, which is characterized by Mg‐rich hedenbergite (Hd_53.7Di_42.3–Hd_86.1Di_9.5) with Al‐bearing andradite (69.8–99.5 mol% andradite). The temperature in the early prograde skarn varies from 400 to 500°C at 500 bar. (ii) The late prograde stage is manifested by almost pure andradite (96.2–98.4 mol% andradite). Based on the fluid inclusion data from garnet, fluid temperature and salinity in this stage is estimated to vary from 267 to 361°C and from 10.1 to 21.1 wt% NaCl equivalent, respectively. Pyrrhotite precipitation started during this stage. (iii) The retrograde stage occurs in an exoskarn, which consists of an assemblage of ferro‐actinolite, quartz, calcite, epidote, chlorite, sphalerite, pyrite, and chalcopyrite that partially replaces earlier mineral assemblages under hydrostatic conditions during fracturing of the early skarn. Fluids in calcite yielded lower temperatures (T < 260°C) and fluid salinity declined to ～8 wt% NaCl equivalent. The last stage mineralization in the deposit is supergene weathering/alteration represented by the formation of iron hydroxide, Cu‐carbonate, clay minerals, and calcite. Sulfur isotope data of chalcopyrite (δ³⁴S of +1.4 to +5.2‰) show an igneous sulfur source. Mineralogy and mineral compositions of the prograde assemblage of the Khut skarn are consistent with deposition under intermediately oxidized and slightly lower fS₂ conditions at shallow crustal levels compared with those of other typical Fe‐bearing Cu–Au skarn systems.     

Geochronology and fluid inclusion study of the Yinjiagou porphyry–skarn Mo–Cu–pyrite deposit in the East Qinling orogenic belt,China

The Yinjiagou Mo–Cu–pyrite deposit of Henan Province is located in the Huaxiong block on the southern margin of the North China craton. It differs from other Mo deposits in the East Qingling area because of its large pyrite resource and complex associated elements. The deposit’s mineralization process can be divided into skarn, sulfide, and supergene episodes with five stages, marking formation of magnetite in the skarn episode, quartz–molybdenite, quartz–calcite–pyrite–chalcopyrite–bornite–sphalerite, and calcite–galena–sphalerite in the sulfide episode, and chalcedony–limonite in the supergene episode. Re–Os and ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar dating indicates that both the skarn-type and porphyry-type orebodies of the Yinjiagou deposit formed approximately 143 Ma ago during the Early Cretaceous. Four types of fluid inclusions (FIs) have been distinguished in quartz phenocryst, various quartz veins, and calcite vein. Based on petrographic observations and microthermometric criteria the FIs include liquid-rich, gas-rich, H₂O–CO₂, and daughter mineral-bearing inclusions. The homogenization temperature of FIs in quartz phenocrysts of K-feldspar granite porphyry ranges from 341 °C to >550 °C, and the salinity is 0.4–44.0 wt% NaCl eqv. The homogenization temperature of FIs in quartz–molybdenite veins is 382–416 °C, and the salinity is 3.6–40.8 wt% NaCl eqv. The homogenization temperature of FIs in quartz–calcite–pyrite–chalcopyrite–bornite–sphalerite ranges from 318 °C to 436 °C, and the salinity is 5.6–42.4 wt% NaCl eqv. The homogenization temperature of FIs in quartz–molybdenite stockworks is in a range of 321–411 °C, and the salinity is 6.3–16.4 wt% NaCl eqv. The homogenization temperature of FIs in quartz–sericite–pyrite is in a range of 326–419 °C, and the salinity is 4.7–49.4 wt% NaCl eqv. The ore-forming fluids of the Yinjiagou deposit are mainly high-temperature, high-salinity fluids, generally with affinities to an H₂O–NaCl–KCl ± CO₂ system. The δ¹⁸O_H2O values of ore-forming hydrothermal fluids are 4.0–8.6‰, and the δD_V-SMOW values are between −64‰ and −52‰, indicating that the ore-forming fluids were primarily magmatic. The δ³⁴S_V-CDT values of sulfides range between −0.2‰ and 6.3‰ with a mean of 1.6‰, sharing similar features with deeply sourced sulfur, implying that the sulfur mainly came from the lower crust composed of poorly differentiated igneous materials, but part of the heavy sulfur came from the Guandaokou Group dolostone. The ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb values of sulfides are in the range of 17.331–18.043, 15.444–15.575, and 37.783–38.236, respectively, which is generally consistent with the Pb isotopic signature of the Yinjiagou intrusion, suggesting that the Pb chiefly originated from the felsic–intermediate intrusive rocks in the mine area, with a small amount of lead from strata. The Yinjiagou deposit is a porphyry–skarn deposit formed during the Mesozoic transition of a tectonic regime that is EW-trending to NNE-trending, and the multiepisode boiling of ore-forming fluids was the primary mechanism for mineral deposition.     

河南栾川火神庙钼矿床辉钼矿Re-Os同位素年龄及其地质意义

火神庙矽卡岩型钼矿床是东秦岭钼矿带栾川矿集区近些年查明的一个中型钼矿床,钼矿体主要赋存于火神庙复式岩体与新元古界蓟县系三川组大理岩接触带的矽卡岩中。为厘定火神庙钼矿床的成矿时代、成矿物质来源及与南泥湖—三道庄、上房沟钼矿床的关系,采用ICP-MS辉钼矿Re-Os同位素定年法对6件辉钼矿样品进行成矿年龄测定,获得的模式年龄为146.1Ma±2.0Ma~148.1Ma±2.1Ma,年龄加权平均值为147.01Ma±0.95Ma,等时线年龄为145.7Ma±3.9Ma,表明火神庙钼矿床形成于晚侏罗世。辉钼矿样品的Re含量为39×10-6~65.4×10-6,显示成矿物质来源于壳幔混源。火神庙钼矿床与南泥湖—三道庄、上房沟钼矿床均为栾川矿集区晚侏罗世第二次岩浆活动的产物,它的发现为在栾川矿集区西部寻找矿产资源提供了依据。     

哈萨克斯坦萨亚克铜矿田代表性矿区矽卡岩矿物的组成及其意义研究

哈萨克斯坦萨亚克铜矿田产于晚石炭世闪长玢岩、石英闪长玢岩或花岗闪长玢岩与中石炭统灰岩的接触带上,铜矿体呈透镜状、脉状产于矽卡岩中。其成矿期可以划分为4个阶段：石榴子石矽卡岩阶段（Ⅰ）、绿帘石-石榴子石矽卡岩阶段（Ⅱ）、磁铁矿阶段（Ⅲ）和石英-硫化物阶段（Ⅳ）。铜矿化主要发生在石英-硫化物阶段,形成石英、黄铁矿、黄铜矿、磁黄铁矿,呈浸染状或脉状产于不同类型的矽卡岩或块状磁铁矿中。矽卡岩中的石榴子石有3种类型：石榴子石矽卡岩中的钙铁榴石（Grt-a）、交代钙铁榴石的含Al钙铁榴石（Grt-b）和绿帘石-石榴子石矽卡岩中具有环带结构的石榴子石（Grt-c）。从第一类到第三类石榴子石,平均w（Al₂O₃）从<1%逐渐升高至~5%;分子式中平均Fe³⁺原子数从2.15逐渐降低至1.57,显示成矿体系中Al的摩尔浓度逐渐升高、氧逸度逐渐降低。绿帘石-石榴子石矽卡岩中发育少量辉石,属于钙铁辉石-透辉石系列,在辉石分类图中落于普通辉石范围内。矽卡岩的地质特征、矿物组合和矿物化学特征表明,萨亚克矽卡岩是与花岗岩类侵入岩有关的岩浆热液与灰岩通过接触交代反应形成的钙质矽卡岩,随着矽卡岩化和成矿作用的进行,成矿体系的温度和氧逸度逐渐降低、pH值升高,导致磁铁矿和黄铁矿-磁黄铁矿-黄铜矿矿物组合依次发生沉淀。