苏南龙潭组的海绿石特征和沉积环境

<正> 苏南龙潭组为一套海陆过渡相碎屑岩含煤沉积,某些层段的中、细粒砂岩、粉砂岩及砂质灰岩中常见到形态各异的海绿石,虽丰度不大,却分布广泛,与特定的沉积条件和沉积环境息息相关。长期以来,海绿石被认为是一种典型的海相自生矿物,作为鉴定海相和海陆过渡相地层的标志之一,它在含煤地层中的出现,是分析含煤岩系古地理环境的重要     

第四节 自生形成物

自生形成物是指形成在沉积物(或沉积岩)堆积场所的化学成因的物质。自生物质既可生成在沉积阶段，也可生成在成岩阶段。从其生成时期看来，本节所讨论的自生物质均系早期成岩阶段形成，它们对于查明所赋存沉积物的成岩环境、特征及演化历史等方面有重要意义。     

泰国湾西部表层沉积物自生矿物分布及组成

Generation, morphology, and distribution of authigenic minerals directly reflect sedimentary environment and material sources. Surface sediments were collected from the western Gulf of Thailand during 2011–2012, and 159 samples were analyzed to determine detrital minerals. Authigenic minerals, including siderite, pyrite, and glauconite, are abundant whereas secondary minerals, such as chlorite and limonite, are distributed widely in the study area. Siderite has a maximum content of 19.98 g/kg and appears in three types from nearshore to continental shelf, showing the process of forming-maturity-oxidation. In this process, the Mn O content in siderite decreases, but Fe_2O_3 and Mg O content increase. Colorless or transparent siderite pellets are fresh grains generated within a short time and widely distributed throughout the region; high content appears in coastal area where river inputs are discharged. Translucent cemented double pellets appearing light yellow to red are mature grains; high content is observed in the central shelf. Red-brown opaque granular pellets are oxidized grains,which are concentrated in the eastern gulf. Pyrite is mostly distributed in the central continental shelf with an approximately north–south strip. Pyrite are mainly observed in foraminifera shell and distributed in clayey silt sediments, which is similar to that in the Yangtze River mouth and the Yellow Sea. The pyrite in the gulf is deduced from genetic types associated with sulfate reduction and organic matter decomposition. Majority of glauconite are granular with few laminar. Glauconite is concentrated in the northern and southern parts within the boundary of 9.5° to 10.5°N and is affected by river input diffusion. The distribution of glauconite is closely correlated with that of chlorite and plagioclase, indicating that glauconite is possibly derived from altered products of chlorite and plagioclase. The K_2O content of glauconite is low or absent, indicating its short formation time.     

黑龙江东部盆地群白垩纪海侵存在的矿物学证据及其意义

前人研究所获得的海相化石证据表明,中国黑龙江东部早白垩世早期曾发生多次规模不等的海侵,多层厚度不等的海相夹层赋存于下白垩统中。对研究区白垩纪砂岩中的海绿石、独居石、莓状黄铁矿等自生矿物的显微特征、扫描电镜背散射特征和化学特征进行分析,结果证实,这些特征均与典型海侵相的特征接近,说明不仅含海相化石的层位系海侵成因,含这些自生矿物的砂岩、粉砂岩的层位也受到海侵的影响,从而为黑龙江省东部盆地在白垩纪发生过海侵提供矿物学的依据。     

海绿石 K-Ar、40Ar/39Ar 年代学研究

海绿石是与沉积岩同时形成的高钾层状硅酸盐自生矿物，其 K-Ar、40Ar/39Ar 年龄存在失真现象。笔者认为，引起年龄失真的主要原因是由于该矿物结构中含有可膨胀层。通过测量可膨胀层含量及中子活化过程中39Ar的丢失率，使可对海绿石常规 K-Ar、40Ar/39Ar 年龄进行校正，得到其年龄校正公式。     

徐州大北望寒武系徐庄组海绿石成因探讨

徐州大北望寒武系徐庄组发育不同类型海绿石，为探讨不同类型海绿石的成因，基于海绿石的矿物学、地球化学及沉积环境分析，利用偏光显微镜、X 射线衍射及电子探针等方法对各含海绿石岩层及不同类型海绿石进行系统对比研究查明海绿石的指相意义。结果表明，徐庄组发育颗粒状、碎屑假象状和胶团状三种类型海绿石，其中颗粒状海绿石具有中—高含量钾、高含量铁、砂岩中—高含量铝、石灰岩中低含量铝等特征；碎屑假象状海绿石具有变化大的钾、铁、铝，且保持着其母质形态特征；胶团状海绿石具有高钾、高铁、低铝特点。颗粒状海绿石成因符合颗粒绿化理论，砂岩中海绿石易受环境影响；碎屑假象状海绿石成因符合层状晶格理论及假象替代理论，受到交代和溶蚀作用，因受较强的水动力条件影响成分变化较大；胶团状海绿石是凝胶状海绿石通过胶结作用沉淀，形成于稳定环境中。     

京津地区铁岭组、景儿峪组海绿石~40Ar－~39Ar年龄

利用海绿石４０Ａｒ－３９Ａｒ年龄校正公式，通过测量海绿石中的可膨胀层含量ｎ以及中子活化过程中３９Ａｒ的丢失率，求出海绿石的年龄。经测定，京津地区铁岭组、景儿峪组海绿石中可膨胀层含量为５％～６％，中子活化中３９Ａｒ丢失率为１７％～１９％。由校正后的海绿石年龄推测出铁岭组年龄界限范围是１０７０±１０Ｍａ～１１７５±１０Ｍａ，景儿峪组为８１０±１０Ｍａ～９００±１０Ｍａ。     

对“指相矿物”海绿石的重新认识

长期以来，海绿石一直被认为是在特定海洋条件下形成的自生矿物，被作为海相标志，随着陆相海绿石的不断发现，有必要对这一观点进行重新认识。本文通过对不同地区、不同环境中的海绿石的统计研究认为：海绿石既可以形成于海洋环境，也可以形成于陆相湖泊环境，海绿石不能作为海洋环境的指相矿物；一般来说，形成于陆相湖泊环境的海绿石与形成于海洋环境的海绿石相比，在化学成分上具有Ａｌ２Ｏ３、Ｋ２Ｏ含量高而ＦｅＯ含量低的特点     

吉林大阳岔层型剖面寒武系——奥陶系界线附近沉积环境的讨论

本文通过吉林大阳岔寒武系—奥陶系层型剖面野外地质考察,对其界线附近的沉积岩岩石学以及对区域地层对比有标志作用的海绿石进行了各种分析测试和综合研究,并对界线附近的沉积环境进行了有益的讨论。