Mutation Anomalies of the Wave Velocity Ratio at a Single Station Before the Lancang-Gengma Earthquake

In this paper,the process of dynamic variation of the wave velocity ratio that occurred at a single station,such as Lancang,Tengchong,and Eryuan stations,8 years before the Lancang-Gengma earthquakes(Ms=7.6 and 7.2),is studied by applying the synthetic method as a whole.It is found that the moderately strong and strong earthquakes 250 km away that occurred since 1983 may lead to mutation anomalies of the wave velocity ratio in the Lancang region.The mutation amplitude is increased with the approaching time and distance of a large event.The reliability of mutation data for the wave velocity ratio has been demonstrated in many ways.The application of mutation of the wave velocity ratio to earthquake prediction and its physical explanation are discussed.     

Baiyun Cave in Naigu Shilin,Yunnan Karst,China

The Baiyun cave is a 380 m long karst cave in the Naigu Shilin, situated 70 km southeast of Kunming, Yunnan Province, China. The prevailing orientations of the cave passages are N110°-120°E and N0°-10°W and those of the fissures in the cave are N30°-40°W and N20°-30°W. The cave is developed in the thick-bedded Lower Permian Qixia Formation. The cave has an active water flow and is currently at the near water-table stage. There are large amounts of different infills of cave sediments. The cave shows different stages of paragenesis. The palaeomagnetic analysis of cave sediments shows that their ages are younger than 780 ka B.P. (the Brunhes Chron). The upper part of the sampled profile belongs to the reverse Blake event (112.3-117.9 ka B.P.). The formation of the Baiyun cave is directly connected with the development of the Naigu Shilin. The formation of karst underground and surface features depends on the regional tectonic deformation and the Cenozoic extension of the study area.     

New Early Cambrian Chordates from Haikou, Kunming

Two new chordates, Cathaymyrus haikouensis Luo et Hu sp. nov. and Zhongxiniscus intermedius Luo et Hu gen. et sp. nov. are studied in this paper. Both display numerous S-shaped myomeres on their trunk. C. haikouensis shows a long and slim body similar to that of Cathaymyrus diadexus Shu et al., Zhongxiniscus approaches to Myllokunmingia and Haikouichthys in the dorsal fin, but differs in the myomeres. Zhongxiniscus may be the intermediate form between Cathaymyrus and Myllokunmingia and Haikouichthys.     

滇中鱼坝村组的建立及陆相侏罗系底界

滇中及相邻地区上三叠统舍资组含煤层与下侏罗统冯家河组红层之间，连续沉积了一套杂色细碎屑岩过渡层。其分布稳定，该层所含化石及磁性地层特征表明其时代属早侏罗世。因此建立下侏罗统鱼坝村组，并确定该组底界为陆相侏罗系的底界。     

山东玲珑金矿石英成因矿物学研究及其找矿远景的确定

玲珑金矿是我国目前最大、开采历史最久的含金石英脉型金矿之一。已有许多地质学者对其多方面进行了大量研究,但对最重要的脉石矿物—石英,仍有必要系统研究,为这个老矿山的远景找矿和那些尚未勘探的石英脉的含矿性评价提供有用信息。     

腾冲火山地热区地壳结构的地震学研究

根据腾冲火山地热区实施的人工地震测深剖面资料 ,用有限差分反演和正向走时拟合方法确定了地壳二维 P波速度结构 .地壳模型显示 ,在腾冲的热海热田附近上地壳存在低速异常体 ,它与火山地热活动可能有关 .测线的二维地壳结构上显示出两条地壳断裂 :龙陵—瑞丽断裂和腾冲断裂 ,其中腾冲断裂可能切穿莫霍界面 .同时 ,根据远震波形资料反演腾冲热海热田地区的 S波速度结构 ,也显示出该地区上地壳存在 S波的低速异常 .本文从深部结构方面探讨腾冲火山的成因 .腾冲火山地热区地壳具有低 P波和 S波速度、低电阻率、高热流值和低 Q值 ,以及上地幔也具有低 P波速度的特点 .由此推测地壳内岩浆来源于上地幔 ,腾冲附近地区存在的上地壳低速度异常可与岩浆的分异作用相联系 .与地球上大多数的活动火山一样 ,腾冲火山位于移动板块之间的边界附近 ,属于“板块边界”火山     

三江地区中段岩石地球化学分区研究

根据特定的地质构造及幔型元素(KT)特征值(富集系数累加值)的不同，将三江地区中段划分为7个地球化学区，即扬子基底、扬子盖层、金沙江古特提斯、澜沧江古特提斯、兰坪中新生盆地、印支花岗岩、喜山花岗岩地球化学区；再根据各地球化学区中高强场元素(KNb)或放射性元素(KTh)特征值的不同划分为16个子区(或亚区)。进而论述各地球化学子区(或亚区)特征值的变化规律；并寻找成矿元素在某些子区的富集特点。     

华南加里东运动演化过程中烃源岩的成生

震旦纪至早古生界华南地区是洋盆形成、消亡，最终向前陆盆地转换的连续过程。盆地演化划分为四个阶段：弧后盆地早期碎屑岩充填阶段；弧后盆地晚期热沉降阶段；前陆盆地碳酸盐缓坡阶段；前陆盆地晚期碎屑岩充填阶段。在盆地演化中，形成了四套主要烃源岩系：晚震旦世陡山沱期、早寒武世梅树村期—筇竹寺期、晚奥陶世五峰期和早志留世龙马溴期。其烃源岩有一个共同的特点，为黑灰的碳质页岩。但这几套烃源的成生背景是在盆地不同演化阶段、不同的沉积环境中形成的。被动大陆边缘阶段(震旦系—中奥陶世)以陆棚至斜坡的转折带为最佳。前陆盆地阶段由于前陆隆起的阻挡作用，在其后的隆后盆地为最佳的生烃区，在构造改造成阶段也为受破坏最弱区。因而陆棚至斜坡的转折带和前陆隆起的隆后盆地是寻找油气的有利靶区。     

云南三江造山带近东西向构造特征及其研究意义

对地球物理位场进行处理分析的结果表明 ,在云南三江造山带近南—北向为主的构造框架背景中 ,存在有多处与之相互正交或斜交的近东—西向构造 ,这些近东西方向展布的构造呈现出隐伏或深部构造特点。在布格重力异常影像中表现为大波长、幅值低的深部构造带特征 ;地质上表现为一系列近东—西向出现的断裂、岩体和矿床的成带分布 ;遥感解译结果则表现出在三江造山带内有多条平行展布的浅埋深东西向隐伏构造带。本文结合地质、地球物理地震波速信息等资料 ,对该区近东西向构造特征及分布规律进行探讨后提出三江地区存在的近东西—向展布的近东西向构造可能是青藏高原主碰撞造山后 ,各块体物质向东南挤出的深部物质流变构造的反映 ,也可能是在三江造山带挤压碰撞及走滑拉张环境下的伸展构造或老构造的再活化。它的形成机制可能类似于青藏高原南部南—北向伸展构造 (裂谷 )。近东—西向构造的深入研究和成因再认识对于深入分析云南三江地区复杂的地质构造 ,区域地壳演化历史 ,特别对是重新认识区域成矿规律、指导找矿具有重要意义     

Principles for Verification of Historic Earthquake Records

The principles are summarized in this paper for tackling problems related with the verification of historic earthquake records so as to enable proper utilization of the rich historic data of China.Case studies furnished in this paper show that those principles could be effectively utilized to solve the puzzling problems encountered in studying the historic earthquake data.The principles listed in this paper might also be used to tackle problems associated with the historic records of other branches of science.