华南加里东运动演化过程中烃源岩的成生

震旦纪至早古生界华南地区是洋盆形成、消亡，最终向前陆盆地转换的连续过程。盆地演化划分为四个阶段：弧后盆地早期碎屑岩充填阶段；弧后盆地晚期热沉降阶段；前陆盆地碳酸盐缓坡阶段；前陆盆地晚期碎屑岩充填阶段。在盆地演化中，形成了四套主要烃源岩系：晚震旦世陡山沱期、早寒武世梅树村期—筇竹寺期、晚奥陶世五峰期和早志留世龙马溴期。其烃源岩有一个共同的特点，为黑灰的碳质页岩。但这几套烃源的成生背景是在盆地不同演化阶段、不同的沉积环境中形成的。被动大陆边缘阶段(震旦系—中奥陶世)以陆棚至斜坡的转折带为最佳。前陆盆地阶段由于前陆隆起的阻挡作用，在其后的隆后盆地为最佳的生烃区，在构造改造成阶段也为受破坏最弱区。因而陆棚至斜坡的转折带和前陆隆起的隆后盆地是寻找油气的有利靶区。

THE FORMATION OF HYDROCARBON RESOURCES DURING THE EVOLUTION OF SOUTH CHINA IN CALEDONIAN

The South China-ocean experiened the transformation from oceanic basin to the foreland basin from Sinian to Early Paleozioc. The evolution of basin was divided into four stages: the filling clastic rocks in the back-arc basin in the early stage,the thermal precipitation in the late stage; the formation of carbonate ramp in the foreland basin in the early stage;the filling of clastic rocks in foreland basin in the late stage.Four series of hydrocarbon rocks were generated during late Sinian, Meishucun Period and Qiongzhushi Period in Early Cambrian, Wufeng period in Late Ordovicain, Longma Period in Early Silurain in the evolution of basin. The hydrocarbon rocks a common characteristic of black carbonaceous shale.The favourable area for hydrocarbon formation was shelf break in passive continental margin stage (Sinian-middle Ordovician). The other favourable place was the back lift basin in the foreland basin stage. The shelf break and back lift were potential targets favourable for the exploration of oil and gas.