仙后座1995新星的光谱天空

１９９５至１９９８四川内用２．１６米望远镜、５０Ａ／ｍｍ色散进行了仙后座１９９５新星的光谱观测。对取得的资料作了谱线证认、连续谱和谱线的流量、气壳膨胀速度、温度等测定,确定了新星气壳的电子密度和温度、估算了新星的抛射质量。指出该新星的若干特点并作了简要讨论。     

仙后座1995新星的光谱

在１９９５ 年至１９９７ 年,用２ ．１６ 米望远镜,５０?／ｍ ｍ 色散观测了仙后座１９９５ 新星的光谱．１９９５ 年的光谱以Ｆｅ Ⅱ及Ｈ Ⅰ的发射线为主要特征,所有发射线呈ＰＣｙｇ 轮廓,１９９６ 年光谱主要是Ｈ Ⅰ及Ｈｅ Ⅰ的发射,１９９７ 年光谱呈现很强的［Ｆｅ Ｘ］ 、［Ｆｅ ＶⅡ］ 、［Ｏ Ⅲ］ 发射,表明新星已进入星云阶段．以观测谱的连续谱估算了抛射物质的有效温度,算得１９９５ 年１０ 月１４ 日温度为２１３００Ｋ、１９９６ 年１０ 月２６ 日为９７００Ｋ、１９９７ 年１２ 月１６ 日为１０２００Ｋ．以测量谱线的流量估算抛射物质总质量约４ ．７ ×１０ － ５ Ｍ⊙,氦的丰度为ＮＨｅ／ＮＨ＝ ０ ．０４７ ．     

在NGC205中发现的一颗新星

１９９７年１１月２１日在作超新星巡天时,在仙女座星系ＮＧＣ２５０中发现了一颗新星。它的光谱中有强的巴尔末线,Ｆｅｉｉ,ＨｅＩ和ＯＩ等发现线。谱线的蓝移与ＮＧＣ２５０的近似;根据ＮＧＣ２０５的距离模数得到的其极大附近时的绝对星等为－６．３,是典型的新星在极大附近的光度值,可以肯定发生在ＮＧＣ２０５中。光谱显示它是铁属新星。     

Nova Oph1994光谱观测研究

用２。１６ｍ望远镜及其卡焦光谱仪对Ｎｏｖａ Ｏｐｈ １９９４进行了一系列的光谱观测，其早期光谱中出现的大量Ｆｅｌｌ线表明它是一颗Ｆｅｌｌ型新星，而它的发射线的多峰结构在其它Ｆｅｌｌ型新星中是不多见的，它们根据得到的光谱和从国际互联网络得的测光资料，讨论了它的光谱特征和演化。     

Nova Oph 1994光谱观测研究

用２．１６ｍ望远镜及其卡焦光谱仪对ＮｏｖａＯｐｈ１９９４进行了一系列的光谱观测，其早期光谱中出现的大量ＦｅＩＩ线表明它是一颗ＦｅＩ型新星，而它的发射线的多峰结构在其他ＦｅＩＩ型新星中是不多见的．我们根据得到的光谱和从国际互联网络（Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ）得到的测光资料，讨论了它的光谱特征和演化．     

在NGC 205中发现的一颗新星

１９９７年１１月２１日在作超新星巡天时,在仙女座星系ＮＧＣ２０５中发现了一颗新星．它的光谱中有强的巴尔末线,ＦｅＩＩ,ＨｅＩ和ＯＩ等发射线．谱线的蓝移与ＮＧＣ２０５的近似;根据ＮＧＣ２０５的距离模数得到的其极大附近时的绝对星等为－６３,是典型的新星在极大附近的光度值．可以肯定它发生在ＮＧＣ２０５中．光谱显示它是铁属新星．     

受星风或膨胀气壳包围的双星物质损失率测定

对观测到的受星风或膨胀气壳包围的双星系统的PCyg谱线理论分析可精确测定其星风物质损失率．我们在计算这类星的理论谱线时，考虑了氢氦混合气体的多能级跃迁、轨道运动引起的密度非径向分布等因素，对轨道形状做了简化，所得结果是令人满意的．     

蝎虎座EW星的气壳光谱的变化

1982年至1984年,我们用北台施米特卡焦摄谱仪,对EW Lac星进行了光谱观测。我们发现其巴尔末气壳吸收线,在短时间内,由单一吸收核心变为双重吸收核心,后又变为单一的吸收核心。 我们测量了巴尔末气壳吸收线的视向速度,未发现明显的巴尔末渐进,而双重吸收核心的视向速度,特别是其中V成分的视向速度随时间有显著变化。 我们认为,此星气壳吸收线的变化,可能是反映了气壳层的物质抛射过程。     

受星风或膨胀气壳包围的双星物质损失率测定

对观测到的受星风或膨胀气壳包围的双星系统的ＰＣｙｇ谱线理论分析可精确测定其星风物质损失率，我们在计算这类星的理论谱线时，考虑了氢氦混合气体的多能级跃迁，轨道运动引起的密度非径向分布等因素，对轨道形状做了简化，所得结果是令人满意的。     

狐狸座PU(PU Vul)的光谱观测及其双星性质的初步讨论

我们从1981年9月至1983年12月对PU Vul进行了光谱观测,本文描述了其主要光谱特征及其变化。1981年9月PU Vul的光谱上只有吸收线,1982年10月出现很强的H_α发射线,1983年9月1日又出现H_β发射线,1983年10月H_α和H_β变得更强,11月发射线开始变弱,12月H_β发射线似已消失,但H-α发射线还是很强。整个观测期间该星光谱型基本与F型巨星相近。 这颗星很可能是一颗变化特别慢的慢新星,而且可能是由一颗M型巨星和一颗低光度的热子星组成的双星。     

Three years of Ulysses dust data: 1993–1995

The Ulysses spacecraft is orbiting the Sun on a highly inclined ellipse (i = 79°). After its Jupiter flyby in 1992 at a heliocentric distance of 5.4 AU, the spacecraftreapproached the inner solar system, flew over the Suns south polar region in September 1994,crossed the ecliptic plane at a distance of 1.3 AU in March 1995, and flew over the Suns northpolar region in July 1995. We report on dust impact data obtained with the dust detector onboardUlysses between January 1993 and December 1995. We publish and analyse the complete dataset of 509 recorded impacts of dust particles with masses between 10⁻¹⁶ g–10⁻⁷ g. Together with 968 dust impacts from launch until the end of 1992 published earlier (Grün et al., 1995c), information about 1477 particles detected with theUlysses sensor between October 1990 and December 1995 is now available. The impact ratemeasured between 1993 and 1995 stayed relatively constant at about 0.4 impacts per day andvaried by less than a factor of ten. Most of the impacts recorded outside about 3.5 AU arecompatible with particles of interstellar origin. Two populations of interplanetary particles havebeen recognized: big micrometer-sized particles close to the ecliptic plane and smallsub-micrometer-sized particles at high ecliptic latitudes. The observed impact rate is comparedwith a model for the flux of interstellar dust particles which gives relatively good agreement withthe observed impact rate. No change in the instruments noise characteristics or degradation of thechanneltron could be revealed during the three-year period.     

Pre-perihelion CCD photometry of Comet 1995 01 (Hale-Bopp)

Systematic CCD photometry of Comet 1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp) began in early August 1995 shortly after its discovery (IAU Circular 6187) and continued until mid-November 1996. The light curve derived from a 34″ square centered on the nucleus shows clearly and objectively how the inner regions of the comet brightened during this 15 month period. Possible connections between sudden brightenings and reported outbursts are investigated. During the interval August–December 1995, the magnitude of the comet showed strong evidence of a periodicity of 20±5 days with a full amplitude of approximately 0.20 mag. It is noteworthy that this result spans both the period of 18 days suggested by Sekanina (1995, 1996) and the “superperiod” of 22±2 days reported by Jorda et al. (1997). However, in 1996 neither this periodicity nor any other could be detected with certainty in the photometric data.     

1988年至1995年IERS天球参考架的指向维持

本文分析了１９９２年至１９９５年期间国际地球自转服务（ＩＥＲＳ）天球参考架的指向维持情况，结合１９８８年至１９９２年的指向维持情况指出，该参考架在１９８８年至１９９５年期间历年的指向均存在显著变化，赤经零点和天极的最大年度漂移约为０．４ｍａｓ。至１９９５年，ＩＥＲＳ天球参考架的赤经零点和天极与各自预期位置的偏差不于０．４ｍａｓ。１９９４年和１９９５年的ＩＥＲＳ天球参考架基本上维持了１９９３年的ＩＥＲＳ天球参考指向，但是其实际维持精度约为０．０５ｍａｓ，并非０．００５ｍａｓ。０．００５ｍａｓ的维持精度只是数学上的平均效果，相当一部分基本源在相邻年度的ＩＥＲＳ天球参考架中的坐标差大于０．５ｍａｓ，这说明只有采用恰当的消除局部相对形变的方法，才能将天球参考架的指向真正维持在较高水平。     

Observations of the gamma-ray flux from the X-ray source Cyg X-3 in 1994–1995

We present the observations of Cygnus X-3 carried out with the GT-48 gamma-ray telescope at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory in 1994–1995. The mean gamma-ray flux at energy E>10¹² eV is shown to be approximately equal to 1.3×10^?11 cm^?2 s^?1. The flux in 1994 was much lower than that in 1995, being (6.2±2.6)×10^?12 cm^?2 s^?1; i.e., it was statistically insignificant. The flux in 1995 was (2.7±0.7)×10^?11 cm^?2 s^?1. Thus, the very high energy gamma-ray emission from Cyg X-3 is variable. These measurement results can be used to obtain upper limits on the flux from Cyg X-3 in 1994–1995.     

Saturn's F Ring: Kinematics and Particle Sizes from Stellar Occultation Studies

The occultation of GSC5249-01240 by Saturn's rings was observed in a spectrally resolved mode using the Faint Object Spectrograph on the Hubble Space Telescope. By combining these data with other occultation data, we have determined the inclination of the F ring to be 0.0065±0.0014 deg. Our inclined F ring orbit model explains an abrupt decrease in flux at the west ansa of the ring that was observed during the November 1995 ring-plane crossing as well as the nondetection of 1995 S5 during one set of observations in November 1995. The F ring's equivalent depth is found to have no significant dependence on wavelength between 0.27 and 0.74 μm, indicating the presence of a population of ring particles larger in size than ∼10 μm. This contrasts with the results from a previous analysis of Voyager images at various phase angles, in which the particles were determined to be predominantly submicron in size. The difference may be due to temporal or longitudinal variability within the ring.     

The Spin Axis Position of C/1995 O1 (Hale–Bopp)

Monitoring of the near-nucleus activity of C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp) began in Teide Observatory in August 1995. During 1996 the comet was observed on 72 nights between March 26 and November 13. A permanent fan structure was observed towards the north during the whole period of observation. The position angle of the axis of this fan was measured and its variations with time were used to determine the position of the North Pole of the cometary nucleus. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Discrete cloud activity in Saturn’s equator during 1995, 1996 and 1997

A regular extensive CCD imaging of Saturn allowed us to analyze the discrete cloud activity in the Equatorial Zone from 1995 to 1997. The large-scale storm observed in 1994 at +10° (Sanchez-Lavega et al., 1994, Sanchez-Lavega et al., 1996) was rediscovered in 1995, reaching a lifetime >1 year. Its slow motion characterized by a zonal velocity difference of −150 ms⁻¹ relative to background flow is confirmed. Our red and near infrared observations showed a strong increase of white cloud activity in the southern Equatorial Zone (latitude −13.5°) during 1996, declining later on during 1997. Cloud tracking of two prominent plumes and other features allowed us to measure zonal wind velocities and to compare them to the Voyager zonal flow velocity profile. We note that in general the 1995–1997 features have velocities lower than those measured with the Voyagers. Altitude differences in the clouds and hence different zonal velocities, or real changes in the zonal jet as a consequence of Saturn’s insolation cycle and ring-shadowing, can be the reason for such differences.     

73p/Schwassmann–Wachmann 3 – One Orbit after Break-Up: Search for Fragments

We report on our search campaign for the fragments of the Jupiter family cometand target of NASA's CONTOUR mission, Comet 3P/Schwassmann–Wachmann 3, one orbit revolution after the splitting of its nucleus in 1995 (Boehnhardt et al., 1995). Fragment C was found back with coma in November 1999 at 4 AU inbound and it continued to be active during the perihelion arc until at least December 2001 when we observed it last at 3.3 AU outbound. Fragment B was observed with coma between July and September 2001 when moving outbound from 2.35 to 2.75 AU. The search for other fragments including A, D (Boehnhardt et al., 1995) and E (Kodata et al., 2000a, b; Nakamura et al., 2000) in a search area of 15 × 4 arcmin starting at fragment C along direction of the extended radius vector was not successful in July and September 2001. The limiting magnitude of this search of ∼ 25 mag in R puts an upper limit on the radius of potential fragments of about 200 m (assuming albedo 0.04). The orbit deceleration parameter and the observed coma brightness of component C suggest that this object is the primary fragment that may contain a major part of the original nucleus.     

On the existence of transverse relativistic aberrations in moving mirror

Relativistic aberration and Doppler effects on rotating mirrors have been claimed (Ragazzoni & Claudi, 1995) and later refuted (Hickson, Bhatia & Iovino, 1995). While an experimental confirmation of the absence of the Doppler effect has been carried out in 1974, a measurement of the absence of the aberration effect is missing. It is shown that analyzing published data on the LAGEOS pulse-return signature an experimental confirmation of the absence of the effect is obtained.     

Average temporal signatures of GRBs: applications to theoretical models

New statistical results for cosmic gamma-ray bursts are presented, based on aligned average time profiles. General signatures are discussed of averaged flux/spectrum evolution of the full set of the Second BATSE Catalog GRBs (Fishmanet al., 1995), as well as of the bright and dim subsets. The contradictory conclusions made by Norriset al., (1994) and Mitrofanovet al., (1995a) about the presence or the absence of the time-dilation of dim GRBs are discussed. The well-established effect of hardness/brightness correlation of GRBs is presented. The consequences of these statistical studies are discussed for the cosmological and galactic paradigms of GRBs sources.