仙后座1995新星的光谱研究

１９９５ 至１９９８ 四年内用２ ．１６ 米望远镜、５０Ａ／ｍ ｍ 色散进行了仙后座１９９５ 新星的光谱观测。对取得的资料作了谱线证认、连续谱和谱线的流量、气壳膨胀速度、温度等测定,确定了新星气壳的电子密度和温度、估算了新星的抛射质量。指出该新星的若干特点并作了简要讨论。     

仙后座1995新星的光谱天空

１９９５至１９９８四川内用２．１６米望远镜、５０Ａ／ｍｍ色散进行了仙后座１９９５新星的光谱观测。对取得的资料作了谱线证认、连续谱和谱线的流量、气壳膨胀速度、温度等测定,确定了新星气壳的电子密度和温度、估算了新星的抛射质量。指出该新星的若干特点并作了简要讨论。     

1997年3月4日海尔-波普彗星的小规模分裂

１　引言彗核分裂是彗星的最重要特征之一．至１９８２年止文献记录共观测到２２个彗核分裂,３３个次核［１］．１９８６年哈雷彗星回归时观测到彗核的分裂［２］．１９９６年紫金山天文台２００ｍｍ赤道望远镜和青岛观象台同时观测到百武彗星的分裂［３］．海尔波普彗星从１９９５年８月到１０月曾爆发５次［４］．１９９６年３月至１２月不断有喷流射出,彗核活动日趋剧烈［５］．１９９７年３月４日我们观测到彗核的小规模分裂及喷流特征,３月３日我们观测到海尔波普彗星近核照片上有喷流,这可能是３月４日彗核小块分裂的前奏．３…     

Nova Oph 1994光谱观测研究

用２．１６ｍ望远镜及其卡焦光谱仪对ＮｏｖａＯｐｈ１９９４进行了一系列的光谱观测，其早期光谱中出现的大量ＦｅＩＩ线表明它是一颗ＦｅＩ型新星，而它的发射线的多峰结构在其他ＦｅＩＩ型新星中是不多见的．我们根据得到的光谱和从国际互联网络（Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ）得到的测光资料，讨论了它的光谱特征和演化．     

XPer的新发射相：光谱与红外观测

ＸＰｅｒ的新发射相：光谱与红外观测杭恒荣，夏剑萍中国科学院紫金山天文台，南京２１０００８中国科学院光学天文联合实验室关键词Ｂｅ星／Ｘ射线双星，发射线，ＪＨＫ测光１引言ＸＰｅｒ是一颗Ｂｅ／Ｘ射线双星（４Ｕ０３５２＋３０）的光学对应体［１－３］，中子星的...     

小质量X射线双星铁发射线观测特征的理论分析

小质量Ｘ射线双星在６－７ｋｅＶ的铁发射线具有一些明显观测特征，如谱线展宽、红移和轮廓非对称性。这些性质可能是由高价Ｆｅ离子发射线光子穿过致密天体周围较“冷”等离子体介质时的康普软化过程所造成，本文按此模型求解了康普软化扩散方程，所得理论谱线轮廓与观测线拟合得很好。拟合参量（等离子体的汤姆孙散射光深）取为τｅ～３，由此定出散射等离子体电子密度Ｎｅ≈１０＾１６ｃｍ＾－３，散射球半径Ｒ≈１０＾９ｃｍ．     

Nova Oph1994光谱观测研究

用２。１６ｍ望远镜及其卡焦光谱仪对Ｎｏｖａ Ｏｐｈ １９９４进行了一系列的光谱观测，其早期光谱中出现的大量Ｆｅｌｌ线表明它是一颗Ｆｅｌｌ型新星，而它的发射线的多峰结构在其它Ｆｅｌｌ型新星中是不多见的，它们根据得到的光谱和从国际互联网络得的测光资料，讨论了它的光谱特征和演化。     

X Per新发射相的不寻常变化

对ＸＰｅｒ新发射相连续四年的光学光谱和近红外光度监测结果，ＸＰｅｒ近两年的变化不同寻常，主要表现以下两点：（１）尽管它的光学光度Ｖ星等只恢复至失去气壳前的亮度，但Ｈａ发射线等值宽度和近红外，Ｊ，Ｈ和Ｋ光度地超过了历史记录的最大值，分别达到了１６．３４Ａ和５．３＾ｍ，５．３＾ｍ和５．１＾ｍ，表明ＸＰｅｒ新发射相气南的密度和尺度较都大，（２）我们首次观测到ＸＰｅｒ近红外光度和Ｈα发射线等值宽度变化趋势     

中等贫金属星的元素丰度分析

给出 １１颗中等贫金属星－１．３ ５［Ｆｅ／Ｈ］ ≤－０．６的观测资料,确定了这些样本星的恒星大气参数,得到了这些星中１４种元素的丰度．讨论了各类元素丰度比随金属丰度的变化。α元素（Ｍｇ、 Ｓｉ、 Ｃａ、 Ｔｉ）相对于铁均表现超丰,每一金属丰度处都存在不同程度的弥散．大部分的铁峰元素（Ｖ、Ｃｒ、Ｎｉ、Ｃｕ）也相对于铁超丰,不随［Ｆｅ／Ｈ］而变化,而［Ｍｎ／Ｆｅ］则随金属丰度的增加而增加．［Ｎａ／Ａｌ］在［Ｆｅ／Ｈ］＞－１．１的样本星中表现超车,在［Ｆｅ／Ｈ］＜－１．１的样本中却明显过贫．     

1991年日全食近红外光谱观测结果

介绍１９９１年７月１１日墨西哥日全食的近红外光谱（１０７１２－１０９７２）观测资料和分析结果．从无缝谱得出的极边缘光球连续谱表面亮度曲线上发现在日面边缘之内２１０ｋｍ处有一强度凹陷,由该曲线拐点定出色球底的温度为４４２５±２６°Ｋ．无缝闪光谱资料显示Ｈｅｌ１０８３０线在边缘外１２００ｋｍ附近发射达极大,其下降段的对数梯度β为０．６３３×１０－８ｃｍ－１,与可见区Ｈｅｌ线相近．此外,东边大日珥的资料显示该日珥的强度很弱,仅为普通日珥强度的２％—５％,具有很大的湍流速度（约３０ｋｍ／ｓｅｃ）和视向蓝移运动（２１０±１５ｋｍ／ｓｅｃ）．由于Ｐγ在光谱上没有显示,所以认为其激发程度很高．该资料中未找到非日珥性质的色球发射     

A thermodynamic model of high temperature lava vaporization on Io

We modified the MAGMA chemical equilibrium code developed by Fegley and Cameron (1987, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 82, 207-222) and used it to model vaporization of high temperature silicate lavas on Io. The MAGMA code computes chemical equilibria in a melt, between melt and its equilibrium vapor, and in the gas phase. The good agreement of MAGMA code results with experimental data and with other computer codes is demonstrated. The temperature-dependent pressure and composition of vapor in equilibrium with lava is calculated from 1700 to 2400 K for 109 different silicate lavas in the ONaKFeSiMgCaAlTi system. Results for five lavas (tholeiitic basalt, alkali basalt, Barberton komatiite, dunite, and a molten type B1 Ca, Al-rich inclusion) are discussed in detail. The effects of continuous fractional vaporization on chemistry of these lavas and their equilibrium vapor are presented. The predicted abundances (relative to Na) of K, Fe, Si, Al, Ca, and Ti in the vapor equilibrated with lavas at 1900 K are lower than published upper limits for Io's atmosphere (which do not include Mg). We predict evaporative loss of alkalis, Fe, and Si during volcanic eruptions. Sodium is more volatile than K, and the Na/K ratio in the gas is decreased by fractional vaporization. This process can match Io's atmospheric Na/K ratio of 10±3 reported by Brown (2001, Icarus 151, 190-195). Silicon monoxide is an abundant species in the vapor above lavas. Spectroscopic searches are recommended for SiO at IR and mm wavelengths. Reactions of metallic vapors with S- and Cl-bearing volcanic gases may form other unusual gases including MgCl₂, MgS, MgCl, FeCl₂, FeS, FeCl, and SiS.     

A Robotics Perspective On Human Spaceflight

There has traditionally been a dichotomy in the space community regarding the efficacy of human versus robotic exploration of space. I argue that no such dichotomy is necessary, and that there is a natural and synergistic division of labour between man and machine, and that this division of labour will evolve in symbiotic fashion. The present state-of-the-art robotics technology is insufficient to replace the human in space, but is sufficient to act as a useful, even necessary, tool in aiding the astronaut in the conduct of useful work. I further argue that as robotics technology advances, the human will be further relieved to perform tasks best suited to human decision-making and flexibility that is unlikely in the near-term to be matched by autonomous or teleoperated machines. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

CO J=2-1 and J=3-2 Line Observations of Molecular Clouds toward the Directions of 59 EGOs in the Northern Sky

In order to investigate the differences between the molecular clouds which are associated with the massive star forming regions and those which are not, we have performed the single-dish simultaneous observations of ¹²CO J=2-1 and J=3-2 lines toward a sample of 59 Spitzer Extended Green Objects (EGOs) as the massive star forming regions in the northern sky. Combining our results with the data of the ¹²CO J=1-0 observations toward the same sample EGOs in the literature, we have made the statistical comparisons on the intensities and linewidths of multiple ¹²CO lines between the molecular clouds associated with EGOs (EGO molecular clouds, in brief) and other non-EGO molecular clouds. On this basis, we have discussed the effects of the gas temperature, density, and velocity field distributions on the statistical characteristics of the two kinds of molecular clouds. It is found that both the EGO molecular clouds and non-EGO molecular clouds have similar mass ranges, hence we conclude that for the formation of massive stars, the key-important factor is probably not the total mass of a giant molecular cloud (GMC), but the volume filling factor of the molecular clumps in the GMC (or the compression extent of the molecular gas in the cloud).     

Orbital change experiments with a Mars general circulation model

We use a Mars general circulation model to examine the effect of orbital changes on the planet’s general circulation and climate system. Experiments are performed for obliquities ranging from 0° to 60° for two different longitudes of perihelion. Each experiment simulates a full Mars year assuming a fixed atmospheric dust distribution and fixed amount of CO₂ in the atmosphere/cap system. We find that global mean surface temperatures and pressures decline with increasing obliquity due to the increasing extent of the winter polar caps. The seasonal CO₂ cycle and intensity of the solstice circulation amplify considerably with increasing obliquity such that global dust storms are likely at both solstices. The most significant feature of the high obliquity solstice circulations is the development of an intense low-level jet associated with the return branch of the Hadley circulation.Model surface stresses are used to map regions of preferred dust lifting, which are defined in terms of an annual deflation potential. For the present obliquity, the model-predicted regions of high deflation potential are in good agreement with Cantor et al.’s (2001, J. Geophys. Res.106, 23653-23688) observations, which gives us some confidence in the model’s ability to predict where lifting might occur when Mars’ orbit parameters are different than they are today. In general we find that the dust lifting potential increases sharply with obliquity and is greatest at times of high obliquity when perihelion coincides with northern summer solstice. Over an obliquity cycle, the model global annual deflation potential ranges from several tenths of a millimeter at 0° obliquity to almost 15 mm at 60° obliquity. Much higher values are possible when the atmosphere is very dusty.We find a strong correlation between the deflation potential and surface thermal inertia: regions of high deflation potential correspond to regions of high thermal inertia (high rock abundance), and regions of low deflation potential correspond to regions of low thermal inertia (high dust/sand abundance). Furthermore, while the regions of preferred lifting (high deflation potential) expand somewhat with increasing obliquity and dust loading, the central parts of Tharsis, Arabia, and Elysium show no tendency for significant lifting at any obliquity or longitude of perihelion. These regions may therefore be very old and represent net long-term sinks for atmospheric dust. It is the topography of the planet, through its influence on surface pressure and wind systems, which ultimately determines where dust accumulates.Finally, as was found by Fenton and Richardson (2001, J. Geophys. Res.106, 32885-32909), we find no tendency for the development of east-southeasterly winds at the Pathfinder site for any of our orbital change experiments. This suggests that the ancient wind regime discussed by Greeley et al. (2000, J. Geophys. Res.105, 1829-1840) was produced by other factors, such as polar wander.     

Third Order Effect of Rotation on Stellar Oscillations of a B Star

We aim at investigating the effect of rotation up to the third order in the angular velocity of a star on the p and g modes, based on the formalism developed by Soufi et al. Our ultimate goal is the study of oscillations of β Cephei stars which are often rapidly rotating stars. Our results show that the third-order perturbation formalism presented by Soufi et al. should be corrected for some missing terms and some misprints in the equations. As a first step in our study of β Cephei stars, we quantify by numerical calculations the effect of rotation on the oscillation frequencies of a uniformly rotating zero-age main-sequence star with 12 M<,??>. For an equatorial velocity of 100km s-1, it is found that the second-and third-order corrections for (l, m)=(2, 2), for instance, are of the order of 0.01% of the frequency for radial order n=6 and reaches up to 0.5% for n=14.     

Construction of the Database for Pulsating Variable Stars

A database for pulsating variable stars is constructed to favor the study of variable stars in China. The database includes about 230,000 variable stars in the Galactic bulge, LMC and SMC observed in an about 10 yr period by the MACHO(MAssive Compact Halo Objects) and OGLE(Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment) projects. The software used for the construction is LAMP, i.e., Linux+Apache+MySQL+PHP. A web page is provided for searching the photometric data and light curves in the database through the right ascension and declination of an object. Because of the flexibility of this database, more up-to-date data of variable stars can be incorporated into the database conveniently.     

Born–Infeld type phantom model in the ω–ω′ plane

In this paper, we investigate the dynamics of Born–Infeld (B–I) phantom model in the ω–ω′ plane, which is defined by the equation of state parameter for the dark energy and its derivative with respect to N (the logarithm of the scale factor a). We find the scalar field equation of motion in ω–ω′ plane, and show mathematically the property of attractor solutions which correspond to ω _φ ∼−1, Ω _φ =1, which avoid the “Big rip” problem and meets the current observations well.      

Shear and vorticity in a combined Einstein-Cartan-Brans-Dicke inflationary lambda-Universe

A combined BCDE (Brans-Dicke and Einstein-Cartan) theory with lambda-term is developed through Raychaudhuri’s equation, for inflationary scenario. It involves a variable cosmological constant, which decreases with time, jointly with energy density, cosmic pressure, shear, vorticity, and Hubble’s parameter, while the scale factor, total spin and scalar field increase exponentially. The post-inflationary fluid resembles a perfect one, though total spin grows, but the angular speed does not (Astrophys. Space Sci. 312: 275, 2007d).