德令哈13.7m望远镜重力变形研究

借助于数字摄影测量结果调整天线面板,使德令哈13.7 m望远镜在仰角52°时获得最佳反射面面形,从而使天线效率在观测仰角范围内得到整体优化.与之前基于经纬仪测量的面板调整结果相比,天线口径效率提高约1倍.依据不同俯仰姿态下的测量结果,得到了天线的重力变形模型,包括副面偏移和倾斜、主面焦距和面形偏差随仰角变化的规律.根据不同仰角的面形偏差测量数据反演反射面重力变形模型时,采用了数据拟合方法,这样可以减小测量误差对模型精度的影响.     

大型射电望远镜主反射面调整方法研究

随着毫米波天文学和空间通信的重要性日益提高, 对天线性能提出了越来越高的要求, 而天线性能往往受到其反射器表面精度的限制. 微波全息技术是一种快速有效的检测反射面天线表面轮廓的测量技术. 通过微波全息测量得到天线口径场, 计算天马65m射电望远镜反射面与理想抛物面的偏差. 天马65m射电望远镜的主反射面板是放射状的, 有14圈. 面板的每个角都固定在面板下方促动器的螺栓上进行上下移动, 且相邻面板交点处的拐角共用一个促动器. 采用平面拟合的方法可以计算各块面板拐角处的调整值, 但是同一个促动器会得到4个不同的调整量. 通过平面拟合, 同时以天线照明函数为权重的平差计算方法得到相邻面板拐角的一个平差值, 即天马65m射电望远镜1104个促动器的最佳调整值. 通过多次调整和新算法的应用, 天马65m射电望远镜反射面的面形精度逐渐提高到了0.24mm.     

斜轴式太赫兹天线的卡焦近场全息测量研究

天线反射面的面形精度直接影响天线效率, 是望远镜的关键指标之一. 近场射电全息具有测量精度高, 便捷高效的优点, 是毫米波和亚毫米波射电望远镜面形检测最为常用的方法之一, 卡焦近场全息可以完整测量望远镜光路中整体的面形误差. 斜轴式机架结构能够更好地适应太赫兹望远镜在极端台址环境下的整体保温和热控需求, 但斜轴天线特殊的转动特性会在近场全息测量过程中引入额外的系统误差. 针对斜轴式天线的卡焦近场全息测量, 分析了数据处理中需要额外考虑的参考路接收机位置和副面衍射的影响, 并在1.2m口径斜轴式太赫兹天线上开展了测量实验. 实验结果表明, 卡焦近场全息测量的重复测量精度优于2.0μm RMS (Root Mean Square), 面形误差分布与摄影测量所得结果一致, 验证了误差分析与修正的正确性.     

环焦天线口径面相位分析

环焦天线具有特殊的电磁特性和应用领域.对环焦天线的口径面相位误差进行了理论和仿真分析,推导了馈源和副面位置偏差引起的相位误差、主副面之间的补偿关系以及全息测量中天线转动引起的光程差.研究结果将对环焦天线的精确面形测量和补偿提供理论依据和参考.     

轨道不平度对天线指向的影响分析与修正

基于天线轨道不平度对望远镜指向的影响机理,测量并分析采用整体焊接轨道技术后的乌鲁木齐南山26 m射电望远镜(NanShan Radio Telescope,NSRT)天线轨道误差的分布情况及对指向的影响,从而对指向模型进行修正.采用移动最小二乘法(Moving Least-Squares,MLS)将测得的天线轨道高度差拟合成一个闭合的轨道高度分布曲线,确定因轨道不平度影响的天线方位轴偏差,对比实测天线座架变形的方位轴偏差,发现二者具有较强的相关性.考虑到天线座架重力变形的偏差包含南北向和东西向偏差,建立新的指向偏差模型进行校正.最后通过对已知校准射电源进行扫描测量,将指向偏差数据进行拟合.结果表明:新建的指向修正模型能够抑制已知指向模型偏差中的正弦分量,从而说明所建模型很好地反映了天线的指向偏差并对偏差具有一定修正作用.     

新疆天文台南山26米天线全息法测量系统

南山25 m射电望远镜经过一年多的升级改造现已全面完成,主反射面直径增加至26 m,为保证Q波段(30~50 GHz)接收机的工作效率,望远镜的表面精度需达到较高的水平,微波全息法可对天线面形进行精确测量和调整,是望远镜面形首次和定期精调的首选,基于新南山26 m天线建立了一套全息法测量系统。整个系统包括参考天线、接收机、相关机、传输链路、时频参考、扫描控制和全息法处理软件等几部分,采用带通采样技术直接采集中频信号,减少了基带信号转换环节;采用高性能外部本振并利用氢钟输出的参考信号进行锁相,达到了极高的相位稳定度。目前整个系统已通过测试并取得了初步的测量结果,经处理分析,该系统工作正常,已达到应用要求。     

南山26米射电望远镜轨道高差测量及其对指向精度的影响

轮轨式天线的轨道作为承载整个天线重量的基础,其精度直接影响天线在方位方向运转的平稳性,引起天线轴系偏差从而影响天线的指向精度。介绍改造后的乌鲁木齐南山26 m射电望远镜(Nanshan Radio Telescope, NSRT)轨道结构以及轨道高差测量,并建立天线在不同方位、俯仰角下轨道高差引起天线指向偏差的数学模型。利用"十字扫描"法实测多颗标准源在相应位置的指向数据,并通过高斯拟合得到指向偏差。通过分析可知,轨道高差引起的指向偏差经过修正可以提高天线的指向精度。     

德令哈13.7m望远镜热变形研究

热变形是影响大型毫米波天线性能的关键因素之一.这种变形会改变天线反射面的轴线和焦距、恶化反射面面形,导致天线效率和指向精度恶化,同时也使天线效率和指向的长时间稳定性降低.由于太阳的周日运动,造成望远镜4个主支撑腿(简称支腿)之间存在温差,且该温差是变化的,从而引起方位轴的倾斜周期性变化.采用数字摄影测量、倾斜仪测量及天文实测等多种仪器和方法,研究了德令哈13.7m望远镜天线的热变形规律,并根据实时测量的主面温度分布,实现了副面自适应调焦补偿,使得天线效率提高近1倍.测量发现常规指向模型修正后的残差与天线主反射面(包括反射面板和背架,简称主面)直径方向温差存在线性相关性,故在指向解析模型中加入了温差修正项,并通过采用隔热材料包裹支腿的办法显著减小了支腿之间的温差,从而改善了望远镜的指向精度.     

基于光学辅助指向测量的太赫兹望远镜指向误差模型研究

针对太赫兹波段天文点源目标较少, 指向测量相对困难的特点, 研究了利用与太赫兹天线共轴的小型光学望远镜来辅助太赫兹望远镜指向测量以及建立指向误差修正模型的方法. 依托紫金山天文台1.2 m斜轴式太赫兹天线开展了光学辅助指向测量的实验研究, 利用一台安装在天线背架上的100mm口径折射式光学望远镜获得了优于2$''$的指向测量精度. 此外, 通过对斜轴天线的结构分析以及大气折射和本地恒星时(Local Sidereal Time, LST)偏差等误差来源的分析, 建立了包含23个误差项的斜轴式光学指向修正模型, 实现了约3$''$的拟合精度. 最后, 借助高精度数字摄影测量对光电轴一致性进行了标定, 并针对其对指向模型精度的影响进行了讨论. 研究成果将为南极5 m太赫兹望远镜(The 5m Dome A Terahertz Explorer, DATE5)及其他太赫兹望远镜提供指向测量和指向修正模型方面的技术参考.     

利用GNSS测量射电望远镜参考点的仿真分析

高精度测量射电望远镜参考点和轴线偏差等参数,对建立天线指向模型和本地连接参数、提高测站坐标精度等具有重要意义。为完成新建射电望远镜参考点初始参考值的快速测定,根据望远镜的旋转模型,结合常规静态归心测量方法和随机动态测量方法,提出了一种利用GNSS天线代替测量靶标实现望远镜参考点测量的方法。通过仿真分析验证了该方法的合理性和有效性,并分析了数据点个数和数据点测量精度对天线参考点和轴线偏差解算精度的影响。     

Acceleration of Numerical Integration of the Equations of Motion of Asteroids

Solar System Research - Finding and studying possible collisions of asteroids approaching the Earth requires a significant amount of computation. This paper describes the R0 program created to...     

A survey of orbits of co-orbitals of Mars

Many asteroids with a semimajor axis close to that of Mars have been discovered in the last several years. Potentially some of these could be in 1:1 resonance with Mars, much as are the classic Trojan asteroids with Jupiter, and its lesser-known horseshoe companions with Earth. In the 1990s, two Trojan companions of Mars, 5261 Eureka and 1998 VF₃₁, were discovered, librating about the L₅ Lagrange point, 60° behind Mars in its orbit. Although several other potential Mars Trojans have been identified, our orbital calculations show only one other known asteroid, 1999 UJ₇, to be a Trojan, associated with the L₄ Lagrange point, 60° ahead of Mars in its orbit. We further find that asteroid 36017 (1999 ND₄₃) is a horseshoe librator, alternating with periods of Trojan motion. This asteroid makes repeated close approaches to Earth and has a chaotic orbit whose behavior can be confidently predicted for less than 3000 years. We identify two objects, 2001 HW₁₅ and 2000 TG₂, within the resonant region capable of undergoing what we designate “circulation transition”, in which objects can pass between circulation outside the orbit of Mars and circulation inside it, or vice versa. The eccentricity of the orbit of Mars appears to play an important role in circulation transition and in horseshoe motion. Based on the orbits and on spectroscopic data, the Trojan asteroids of Mars may be primordial bodies, while some co-orbital bodies may be in a temporary state of motion.     

An explanation of the discretization of redshifts of quasars

Published in Astrofizika, Vol. 38, No. 4, pp. 700–702, October–December, 1995.     

Estimation of the Time Scale of Merging of the Components of Contact Binaries of the W UMa Type

Time scales of the transition from contact binary systems of the W UMa type to single stars of the blue straggler type are estimated. A model of one-way mass transfer from the primary component to the companion inside a common envelope (Eggen et al.) and a model of a contact binary lying on the zero-age main sequence with a companion that is losing mass (F. van't Veer) are used to calculate these scales. The merging times of components were calculated for 304 contact systems of the W UMa type from the Catalog of Approximate Photometric and Absolute Elements of Eclipsing Variable Stars on a scale of loss of mass and orbital angular momentum due to magnetic braking, under the assumption of synchronization of the axial rotation and orbital revolution. On the basis of the resulting statistics, the characteristic merging scales are 0.4-0.6 and 0.5-0.7 Gyr, respectively, for the above two models. The results of a comparison with the work of other authors are discussed.     

Graphical representation of periodic motion of the line of nodes of the Moon

In the text-books of astronomy, sections generally related to the Moon deal with the orbital elements of the Earth-Moon system such asa, e, i, , and the time of perigee passage. While the MEAN of the first of the three elements do not vary, mean longitude of the ascending node-mean longitude of the lunar perigee and the time of perigee passage undergoes secular as well as periodic changes due predominantly to the action of the Sun's gravitational attraction. While to a certain degree, explanations related to the calculation of the lunar orbit parameters are given, not a single graphical representation of these short- or long-periodic changes are presented. We allow the number of data related to these periodic changes must cover a large span of time; and if regression of the line of nodes or advances of the line of apses are to be graphically seen, data covering 18.61 and 8.85 yr, respectively, are needed. In this work we particularly aim at the graphical representation of the periodic changes of the line of nodes.     

Observations of the intensity of the penumbra of sunspots

Observations of the penumbral intensity of sunspots in 13 wavelength regions are presented. In 4 wavelength regions 54 sunspots are measured. In the other wavelength regions the number of sunspots considered ranges from 3–19.The penumbral intensity alters with position within the spot. This intensity variation is found to be comparable with the change in intensity from one spot to another. The penumbral intensity is found to be independent of spot size in the sample considered.The penumbra model of Kjeldseth Moe and Maltby (1969) with = 0.055 is supported by the measurements.     

Equation of state and anisotropy of pressure of magnetars

Magnetars are the neutron stars with the highest magnetic fields up to 10¹⁵–10¹⁶ G. It has been proposed that they are also responsible for a variety of extra-galactic phenomena, ranging from giant flares in nearby galaxies to fast radio bursts. Utilizing a relativistic mean field model and a variable magnetic field configuration, we investigate the effects of strong magnetic fields on the equation of state and anisotropy of pressure of magnetars. It is found that the mass and radius of low-mass magnetars are weakly enhanced under the action of the strong magnetic field, and the anisotropy of pressure can be ignored. Unlike other previous investigations, the magnetic field is unable to violate the mass limit of the neutron stars.