利用基体改进效应—无火焰原子吸收测定矿石中微量镓

关于矿石中微量镓的测定方法,以前一般采用化学比色法或光谱法。比色法其灵敏度较高,但分析手续冗长,且取样量较多,不宜于一般单矿物中镓的测定。近年来,随着原子吸收光谱分析技术的发展,有关镓的火焰及无火焰的测定已有所报导,以萃取分离的方法,基本上解决了单矿物样少及矿石中低含量镓的测定,但同样存在着分析手续繁琐的问题。     

电热石墨管炉原子吸收法测定铝土矿中镓

铝土矿中镓的测定多沿用罗丹明B光度法,无火焰原子吸收法测定镓国内外也有一些资料报导,但都经萃取分离再用石墨管炉测定。 电热石墨管炉法测定镓,其中铝的干扰严重,资料[2]曾为此选用萃取法来消除影响。其它资料对一些干扰影响萃取法事先分离。我们分析的矿物是铝土矿,其中铝对镓测定的干扰是首先要解决的问题。我们反复试验,证明铝对镓用电热石墨管炉     

电热石墨管炉原子吸收法测定铝土矿中镓

铝土矿中镓的测定多沿用罗丹明B光度法,无火焰原子吸收法测定镓国内外也有一些资料报导,但都经萃取分离再用石墨管炉测定。 电热石墨管炉法测定镓,其中铝的干扰严重,资料[2]曾为此选用萃取法来消除影响。其它资料对一些干扰影响萃取法事先分离。我们分析的矿物是铝土矿,其中铝对镓测定的干扰是首先要解决的问题:我们反复试验,证明铝对镓用电热石墨管炉法测定,是一种增感作用,但这种增感作用而引起     

氟离子选择电极测定半微量矿物中的氟

单矿物半微量分析中氟的测定通常采用氟试剂比色法,此法灵敏,但费时而繁琐。离子选择电极法是新的电化学分析方法,目前氟电极测定氟已用于常规分析中,但一般岩矿分析,氟电极实测线性范围为1×10^-1M-1×10^-5M²。     

镍为基体改进剂—石墨炉原子吸收法连续测定岩石矿物中痕量铊和镓

本法采用镍为基体改进剂,消除较复杂试样的基体干扰,直接用石墨炉原子吸收法测定岩石矿物中痕量铊和镓。该法简便、快速、准确。国家一级标样测定值与推荐值吻合。对于镓的测定经过100多个实际样品考查分析质量符合要求。     

溶剂萃取—苯芴酮石墨炉原子吸收法连续测定岩石矿物中锗,铟,镓

甲基异丁基甲酮(MIBK)—苯芴酮同时萃取,利用自制的简易石墨炉平台,以镍和钒作基体改进剂测定锗、铟和镓。方法简便、快速,适合于岩石矿物中锗、铟、镓的连续测定。     

钾—氩年代学中钾的准确测定

岩石矿物中钾的测定,目前大多数实验室都采用火焰光度法。该法虽然简单快速,但是准确度较差。部颁岩石矿物分析钾测定允许偶然误差范围较大,就充分说明了这个问题。采用这种方法所获得的结果,能满足地质科研,生产的一般要求,但难于满足某些方面的特殊要求。随着地质年代学的     

乙酸丁酯萃取火焰原子吸收法测定铝酸钠溶液中的镓

在6．0mol／LHCI介质中,用乙酸丁酯苹取镓,水反革取后,用火焰原子吸收测定镓。方法线性范围为0～100μg／mL,检出限为0．028μg／mL,样品加标回收率为97．9％～101．8％,RSD在2．83％～3．96％之间。方法应用于拜尔溶液中镓的测定,结果满意。     

醋酸丁酯萃取火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定岩石矿物中的镓

本文研究了在５０％氢卤酸介质中,用醋酸丁酯萃取富集,火焰原子吸收分光光度法于波长２８７．４ｎｍ,灯电流７．５ｍＡ等最佳 条件下测定岩石矿物中的镓。该法灵敏度为１．３５ｕｇ．ｍｌ＾－１／１％,变异系数（ＲＳＤ）为２．３１％,间便、快速、适用性强。     

镓的成矿作用及其在峨眉山大火成岩省中的成矿效应

评述了分散元素镓的应用和成矿作用的研究现状并剖析了镓的成矿研究存在的主要问题.论证了铝土矿床中的镓主要赋存于其中的一水硬铝石且以GaO(OH)形式存在;以晶体化学理论分析,认为中高温热液条件形成的闪锌矿(主要包括铁闪锌矿、黑闪锌矿及富铜铅锌矿中的闪锌矿)是Ga的富集载体,Ga最可能以GaAs、GaxIn1-xAs和三元硫化物MIGaS2(MI＝Tl,Cu,Ag)分子的形式赋存,并可能于后期温度降低的条件下以单矿物(如硫镓铜矿)析出;镓在岩浆岩中的主要富集载体为长石类矿物、尖晶石型矿物以及具反尖晶石型结构的磁铁矿.对峨眉山大火成岩省中的重要矿床类型-攀枝花式超大型钒钛磁铁矿矿床中的代表性矿石进行镓含量分析并阐述了该类型矿床中Ga的成矿效应，初步评估了攀西地区钒钛磁铁矿工业储量中伴生的镓为34.8万 t,远景资源量为43.5万 t,认为该区超大型钒钛磁铁矿矿床亦属超大型镓矿床,具潜在的重要经济价值.呼吁加强对我国磁铁矿矿床中镓的成矿效应及综合利用的系统研究.     

用钒作为基体改进剂对矿石中痕量镓、铟、铊的无火焰原子吸收测定

近年来,随着原子吸收分析技术的发展,关于镓、铟、铊的测定已有不少报导,但在矿石样品中,在一次取样的条件下,连续测定这三个元素的方法还很少见。本文是将样品先经分解后,在5.5N的氢溴酸介质中利用     

Evidence in pre-2.2 Ga paleosols for the early evolution of atmospheric oxygen and terrestrial biota

The loss of Fe from some pre-2.2 Ga paleosols has been considered by previous investigators as the best evidence for a reduced atmosphere prior to 2.2 Ga. I have examined the behavior of Fe in both pre- and post-2.2 Ga paleosols from depth profiles of Fe3+/Ti, Fe2+/Ti, and sigma Fe/Ti ratios, and Fe3+/Ti vs. Fe2+/Ti plots. This new approach reveals a previously unrecognized history of paleosols. Essentially all paleosols, regardless of age, retain some characteristics of soils formed under an oxic atmosphere, such as increased Fe3+/Ti ratios from their parental rocks. The minimum oxygen pressure (PO2) for the 3.0-2.2 Ga atmosphere is calculated to be about 1.5% of the present atmospheric level, which is the same as that for the post-1.9 Ga atmosphere. The loss of sigma Fe, common in paleosol sections of all ages, was not due to a reducing atmosphere, but to reductive dissolution of ferric hydroxides formed under an oxic atmosphere. This reductive dissolution of ferric hydroxides occurred either (1) after soil formation by hydrothermal fluids or (2) during and/or after soil formation by organic acids generated from the decay of terrestrial organic matter. Terrestrial biomass on the early continents may have been more extensive than previously recognized.     

Experimental determination of the partitioning of gallium between solid iron metal and synthetic basaltic melt: Electron and ion microprobe study

The distribution of Ga between solid Fe metal and synthetic basaltic melt has been investigated experimentally at two temperatures over a limited range of oxygen fugacities. Reversal experiments were conducted, indicating a close approach to equilibrium. Analysis of run products was performed using an electron and an ion microprobe. At 1 bar total pressure, the solid metal/silicate melt partition coefficient. D(Ga), is given by: 1190°C: logD(Ga) = ?0.92 logfO₂ ? 11.91330°C: logD(Ga) = ?0.77 logfO₂ ? 8.8. For the common assumption of a valence state for Ga of 3 in silicates and assuming ideal solution of Ga in both phases, a slope of ?0.75 is predicted. The slope obtained at 1300°C (?0.77) is indistinguishable from this value, while the slope at 1190°C (?0.92) is somewhat higher. Henry's law is obeyed over the concentration range 0.007 wt.% to 0.15 wt.% Ga in metal, a factor of 20 in concentration. These partition coefficients may be utilized to evaluate metal/silicate fractionation processes in the Earth, Moon and Eucrite Parent Body. The lunar mantle appears to be depleted in Ga by a factor of 20–40 relative to CI abundances. This depletion is consistent with extraction of Ga into a geophysically plausible lunar core if Ga was initially present at a subchondritic concentration. A similar explanation probably accounts for the depletion of Ga in the Eucrite Parent Body. The upper mantle of the Earth appears to be depleted in Ga by a factor of 4– 7 relative to CI abundances. This depletion is far smaller than would be expected as a result of core formation, but is consistent with two quite different hypotheses: (i) a small amount of solid metal and sulfur-bearing metallic liquid was retained in the mantle after core formation; or (ii) addition of a late-stage chondritic component involving 5% to 10% of the upper mantle following core formation.     

陇山杂岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

陇山杂岩位于华北克拉通西南缘,构造位置与小秦岭地区遥相呼应,主要为一套中、深变质的火山-侵入岩和碎屑岩系正变质花岗质片麻岩具有高SiO2,Al2O3,高Na2O/K2O(>2.0)以及Sr/Y(>20)和La/Yb(N)(>10)特征,与太古代TTG岩套(奥长花岗岩-英云闪长岩-花岗闪长岩)的地化特征相似,是陇山杂岩内部首次发现并报道的TTG质片麻岩系露头;LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果显示三组峰值年龄:1.90Ga(1.90-1.95Ga)、2.35Ga(2.35-2.40Ga)和2.50Ga(2.45-2.50Ga)1.90Ga的Th/U为0-0.08,2.35Ga和2.50Ga的Th/U几乎都大于0.1,指示陇山杂岩经历了1.9Ga透入性的变质事件、2.35Ga和2.50Ga岩浆事件,2.50Ga代表了英云闪长岩的形成时限本文地球化学以及年代学研究结果与华北克拉通内部记录一致。陇山杂岩与太华杂岩、涑水杂岩和登封杂岩等共同构成了华北地块南缘基底岩系的出露带,广泛且强烈的1.9Ga变质年龄记录显示本地区也可能受到了早元古代前Rodinia超大陆的影响     

豫西焦沟正长岩锆石U-Pb定年、地球化学特征及其地质意义

豫西纸房—黄庄地区是东秦岭造山带印支期碱性侵入岩规模最大的出露区,对其中的焦沟岩体进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年和元素地球化学分析,探讨其源区特征及深部动力学背景。焦沟岩体定年样品JG1701为霓辉正长岩,出现了约2.6 Ga、约2.5 Ga、约2.4 Ga、约2.3 Ga、约2.1 Ga、约1.9 Ga和约243 Ma 7个年龄组,形成了锆石年龄谱,最晚一组6颗锆石测点的206Pb/238U年龄为243.2±4.8 Ma,表明其形成于中三叠世。焦沟岩体的Na2 O+K2 O含量为11.50%~14.01%,碱度率(AR)和K2O/Na2O值分别为3.92~9.17和3.78~10.25,属于碱性-过碱性系列,且具有超钾质岩石的特征。焦沟岩体的稀土元素总量介于176×10^-6~315×10^-6之间,(La/Yb)N范围为9.51~20.43,稀土元素配分模式具有右倾、轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素亏损和无明显负Eu异常的特征。焦沟岩体强烈富集大离子亲石元素、亏损高场强元素,在微量元素蛛网图中显示了一致的Th、Nb、Ta、P、Ti异常谷,以及Ba、K、Zr、Hf异常峰。它的部分熔融源区位于石榴子石-尖晶石过渡带,埋深介于60~80 km之间,残余矿物包括金云母、富钛矿物(如金红石和钛铁矿)、石榴子石和尖晶石。焦沟岩体是幔源富钾岩浆/流体与壳源岩浆/流体库混合活化之后形成的,深部控制过程为岩石圈拆沉作用。     

条带状铁建造(BIF)与地球大氧化事件

地球大氧化事件是指约24亿年前的地球大气圈中开始出现氧并连续增加。到20世纪末对地球大氧化事件的形成和演化模型可概括为两类:22亿年前为缺氧大气圈,22～19亿年大气圈中O_2明显增加,而后逐渐增加到现代大气圈O_2含量水平的C-W-K-H模型;大气圈中O_2含量自40亿年来近于常数,在现代大气圈O_2含量水平的50%范围内变化的D-K-O模型。21世纪开始实施了太古宙生物圈钻探计划(ABDP),在太古宙—元古宙页岩、条带状铁矿建造中微生物、S、C同位素分馏、稀土元素及过渡族金属Ni、Fe、Mo等含量变化等方面取得了许多新成果,建立了大气圈游离氧产生机理及含量变化的不同模型,将大气圈中氧的出现时间至少提前到25亿年前。中国前寒武纪条带状铁矿建造BIF广泛发育,特别是特有的稀土铁建造及其稀土地球化学初步研究成果表明,稀土元素的含量、轻重稀土的分异及变价元素Eu的相对富集与亏损,均显示明显的对时间的依赖。文中提出,应对其开展系统地质地球化学研究,可为大气圈、水圈的演化,特别是对研究中国铁矿的形成和分布规律研究提供重要参考资料。     

豫西济源盆地中三叠世-中侏罗世碎屑锆石年代学及其对秦岭造山带造山过程的启示

豫西济源盆地位于秦岭造山带北部, 是三叠纪-侏罗纪秦岭造山带的同造山盆地.对济源盆地中三叠世-中侏罗世6个组的碎屑锆石样品进行了LA-ICP-MS的U-Pb年龄分析.结果表明, 碎屑锆石年龄主要分布于以下区间: 2.9~1.7 Ga、1.6~1.0 Ga、1.0~0.8 Ga、800~650 Ma、520~380 Ma、350~245 Ma和~220 Ma, 其中除了2.9~1.7 Ga的碎屑锆石主要来自于华北克拉通基底外, 其他几个年龄段的锆石则主要来自于秦岭造山带, 并且显示出随着地层年龄的逐渐变新, 碎屑锆石年龄有逐渐变老的趋势.在中三叠世-晚三叠世早期样品中, 主要年龄是350~245 Ma, 在晚三叠世晚期-中侏罗世早期样品中, 1.6~1.0 Ga、1.0~0.8 Ga、800~650 Ma和520~380 Ma则逐渐增多, 到了中侏罗世晚期, 1.6~1.0 Ga和520~380 Ma依然存在于样品中, 并且还发现了~220 Ma年龄.碎屑锆石年龄结构指示了秦岭造山带印支期经历了由年轻的盖层到较老的基底的去顶过程.并与合肥、黄石盆地的碎屑锆石数据对比发现, 早侏罗世时, 去顶强度东强西弱; 东部高压-超高压变质岩或晚三叠世岩体可能暴露于早侏罗世, 而西部则到了中侏罗世.      

Assigning Dates to Thin Gneissic Veins in High-Grade Metamorphic Terranes: A Cautionary Tale from Akilia, Southwest Greenland

A granodiorite from Akilia, southwest Greenland, previouslysuggested to date putative life-bearing rocks to 3·84Ga, is re-investigated using whole-rock major and trace-elementgeochemistry, and detailed cathodoluminescence image-guidedsecondary ion mass spectrometer analyses of zircon U–Th–Pband rare earth elements. Complex zircon internal structure revealsthree episodes of zircon growth and/or recrystallization datedto c. 3·84 Ga, 3·62 Ga and 2·71 Ga. Rareearth element abundances imply a significant role for garnetin zircon generation at 3·62 Ga and 2·71 Ga. The3·62 Ga event is interpreted as partial melting of ac. 3·84 Ga grey gneiss precursor at granulite facieswith residual garnet. Migration of this 3·62 Ga magma(or melt–crystal mush) away from the melt source placesa maximum age limit on any intrusive relationship. These earlyArchaean relationships have been complicated further by isotopicreworking in the 2·71 Ga event, which could have includeda further episode of partial melting. This study highlightsa general problem associated with dating thin gneissic veinsin polyphase metamorphic terranes, where field relationshipsmay be ambiguous and zircon inheritance can be expected. KEY WORDS: Archaean; geochronology; Greenland; secondary ion mass spectrometry; zircon     

Geochemical characteristics and petrogenesis of four Palaeoproterozoic mafic dike swarms and associated large igneous provinces from the eastern Dharwar craton,India

Palaeoproterozoic mafic dike swarms of different ages are well exposed in the eastern Dharwar craton of India. Available U-Pb mineral ages on these dikes indicate four discrete episodes, viz. (1) ~2.37 Ga Bangalore swarm, (2) ~2.21 Ga Kunigal swarm, (3) ~2.18 Ga Mahbubnagar swarm, and (4) ~1.89 Ga Bastar-Dharwar swarm. These are mostly sub-alkaline tholeiitic suites, with ~1.89 Ga samples having a slightly higher concentration of high-field strength elements than other swarms with a similar MgO contents. Mg number (Mg#) in the four swarms suggest that the two older swarms were derived from primary mantle melts, whereas the two younger swarms were derived from slightly evolved mantle melt. Trace element petrogenetic models suggest that magmas of the ~2.37 Ga swarm were generated within the spinel stability field by ~15–20% melting of a depleted mantle source, whereas magmas of the other three swarms may have been generated within the garnet stability field with percentage of melting lowering from the ~2.21 Ga swarm (~25%), ~2.18 Ga swarm (~15–20%), to ~1.89 Ga swarm (~10–12%). These observations indicate that the melting depth increased with time for mafic dike magmas. Large igneous province (LIP) records of the eastern Dharwar craton are compared to those of similar mafic events observed from other shield areas. The Dharwar and the North Atlantic cratons were probably together at ~2.37 Ga, although such an episode is not found in any other craton. The ~2.21 Ga mafic magmatic event is reported from the Dharwar, Superior, North Atlantic, and Slave cratons, suggesting the presence of a supercontinent, ‘Superia’. It is difficult to find any match for the ~2.18 Ga mafic dikes of the eastern Dharwar craton, except in the Superior Province. The ~1.88–1.90 Ga mafic magmatic event is reported from many different blocks, and therefore may not be very useful for supercontinent reconstructions.