我国海上综合执法的特点及对策

全面分析了我国海上综合执法的特点,提出了统一海上执法队伍、完善海洋法律法规、发展执法装备、加强执法人才教育培训等针对性对策,为我国将来实施海上综合执法提供参考.     

联合执法作舞台 能力素质是关键——海洋联合执法对提高海监队伍能力素质的启示

2011年3月24日,国家海洋局与浙江省人民政府正式签订了《关于共同推进浙江省海洋经济发展示范区建设战略合作协议》。根据协议,浙江省将加大队伍建设力度,提高海监执法人员队伍的整体素质和保护海洋生态环境与海洋权益的能力;国家海洋局支持浙江省探索推进海上高效执法试点,完善应对海上突发事件快速反应工作机制,形成有效的联合执法体制。这就为浙江省进一步转变海洋执法方法方式,不断加大海洋综合执法管理力度指明了方向。     

我国海上综合执法的任务分析

在分析我国海上执法的总体任务、我国现有海上执法队伍承担的海上执法任务和国外海岸警卫队的执法任务基础上,得出了我国海上综合执法的任务,为我国统一海上执法队伍、统筹海上执法任务等提供参考。     

21世纪的海岸警卫队

当前各国海岸警卫队主要职能包括：海上治安管理、海上交通安全管理、海难救助、海洋环境保护和海上防灾。美国海岸警卫队是世界各国海岸警卫队的鼻祖,是美国唯一的海上综合执法机构,也是当今世界最强大的海上执法队伍之一。海岸警卫队是美国五大武装力量之一,也是当今美国联邦政府最大的部——国土安全部中的部门之一。     

我国海上维权执法体制现状与完善构想——以南海海域维权执法模式为视角（英文）

中国对南海享有历史性权利,现代海洋法存在漏洞使得其成为争议海域,受到周边国家对其利益的竞相争夺,加剧了我国海上维权执法的紧张局势,给我国维护南海主权带来了严重威胁。以南海争议海域维权执法模式为作为切人点,对比中外海上维权执法体制现状,分析我国海上维权执法体制存在的相关法律法规不健全、执法机构设置不合理、执法体制不健全等弊端,并提出了我国海上维权执法体制完善方略和构想,对维护我国海洋权益,构建海洋强国战略具有深远意义。     

日本海上执法力量初步分析

日本十分重视海上执法力量的建设,不仅制定了海上执法的相关政策与法规,还不断加强海上执法力量,目前已成为全球最大的海上警备力量之一.分析日本对海洋执法力量的重视程度,包括海上保安政策、<海上保安厅法>和<海上保安厅组织规则>等;研究日本海上执法力量的组织机构、兵力部署及主要职责,同时分析日本海洋执法的新动向.在此基础上,提出我国可借鉴的经验,主要是要制定我国海上执法的相关法规、建立统一的执法队伍和加强海上执法能力建设等.     

加强我国海上综合执法的战略措施

文章指出了我国海上执法存在的主要问题,并对其原因进行了分析,在此基础上,提出了加强国民海洋意识、完善海洋法律法规、统一海上执法队伍和制定海上执法战略等措施.     

沿海国家海上执法体制研究及对我国海上执法体制建设的启示

文章在收集分析世界主要沿海国家的海上执法制度现状的基础上,采用比较研究的方法,对国外海上执法体制进行了系统梳理和分类,分析总结了各国家海上执法体制的特点,以期对我国海上执法工作的完善提供借鉴。     

我国海洋执法改革构想(1)

目前,我国的海洋法律尽管还不完备,但就保障海上交通安全、保护海洋渔业资源、防止海洋环境污染等方面来说,已有法可依,并且各个海上执法系统都在根据各自的职责日夜在海上执法。但我国除了海上交通安全比较有保障外,海洋渔业资源因违规捕捞日趋衰退、沿岸海域赤潮频繁发生、海洋污染日益严重,不能不说是由于海上执法不力造成的。海上执法不力有多种原因,如上述的海洋法律还不够完备和具体,     

统一执法队伍是我国海上执法的最佳选择

海上执法效能的高低直接关系到一个国家海洋战略能否顺利实现。目前我国海上执法由几支职能各异的执法队伍共同承担,随着《联合国海洋法公约》的生效,这种执法的弊端日益突显。文章主要通过对海上联合执法与统一执法优缺点的分析,论证了统一执法队伍是我国海上执法的最佳选择。     

营口市海水浴场资源环境容量分析

营口市位于辽宁省的中南部,面对渤海的辽东湾,背依鞍山市平原丘陵,东邻辽东崇山峻岭,西接盘锦市沿海平原,有辽河蜿蜒人海,海岸线绵延曲折。由于受海洋、河流的影响．营口市四季分明,气候宜人,蕴藏着丰富的滨海旅游资源,海蚀景观、地质珍迹、人文景观等资源各显异彩;尤其是海水浴场,条件极为优越,与国际上一流的海水浴场相比．毫不逊色,在某些特征上还稍胜一筹。     

A method of estimation of the results of reconstruction of the trajectories of drifting buoys

A method for the estimation of the results of reconstruction of the trajectories of drifting buoys is proposed. It is based on the comparison of the estimates of power spectral densities for the components of current velocity computed according to three data sets: the data set of the coordinates of a drifting buoy with a built-in GPS receiver, the data set of coordinates formed on the basis of the first set but with data missing and observational errors corresponding to the actual trajectory measurements by the Argos satellite location and data collection system by the Doppler method, and the data set of coordinates obtained as a result of interpolation of the second set. As an example, we consider the procedure of realization of the proposed method and demonstrate the efficiency of its application for the improvement of the reliability of reconstruction of the trajectories of drifting buoys.     

Estimates of fishery potentials of the EEZ of India

An attempt has been made to estimate the fishery potentials of the EEZ of India on the basis of data on primary and secondary production. The total column primary production and zooplankton production have been calculated to be 265·9 and 9 million tonnes of carbon per year, respectively. From these values the fishery potential has been estimated as 2·5 million tonnes per year. To this, if we add the estimated demersal fish catch, being 1·2 million tonnes per year, the total potential yield comes to 3·7 million tonnes per year. Since the present average total catch is about 1·6 million tonnes in a year, the fish catch could be doubled.     

韩国的海岸带综合管理

1992年，联合国21世纪议程提出了综合管理的概念，并认为它是海岸管理的最重要目标，而海岸管理的目的就是改进业已存在的管理实践的效率和效果。在21世纪议程的实施过程中，沿海国家面临着巨大的困难，即：为了使综合管理在实践中具有可操作性而建立适合的政府机构。韩国正是在国家范围和次一级区域进行这项工作的实验场所。这项工作的最重要成就是在1996年成立了具有综合协调各涉海部门职能的韩国海洋事务与渔业部（MOMAF）。这篇文章的内容主要来自于这些观察，即韩国政府为建立海岸带综合机制而进行了各种努力，特别是1992年联合国环发大会召开后到1997年初海洋事务与渔业部成立了海岸带管理处这段时间里开展的各种工作，文章重点在于评价在建立海岸带综合机制的过程中综合的概念是如何被应用并被挑战的。文章提出了在东亚地区沿海国家开展合作的可能区域的建议。     

天然气水合物地球化学特征

天然气水合物是在低温、高压以及有足够气体供应条件下形成的一种天然气(主要为甲烷)与水组成的似冰状固态化合物。天然气水合物中包含的甲烷碳是全球甲烷资源的重要组成部分,是一种数量巨大的潜在能源[1]。而且由于甲烷的温室效应,天然气水合物分解释放的甲烷进入大气中会严重     

海鸟系列CTD数据预处理分析

介绍了海鸟系列温盐深测量仪(CTD)原始数据预处理的方法和步骤,解释各个过程中的原理,根据规范和工作实际对处理过程中存在的问题进行分析,提出解决方案,针对资料的标准化提出建议和意见。     

A model of the dynamics of the ecosystem of the Sea of Azov

We use many-year archival observations of hydrologic and hydrobiologic state of the Sea of Azov for the identification of the structure of a model of its ecosystem. The ecosystem model, supplemented with expert estimates of bioresource consumption (fish reserve), contamination level, and possible ecologic fines for violation of the sea natural state, is formalized by the method of system dynamics. Hereat, the major part of influence functions is found in terms of observational data with application of self-organization algorithms. We also present the results of simulated experiments with the model of the ecosystem, which enable us to analyse scenarios of its behaviour under the influence of various external factors (wind, river discharge, water exchange with the Black Sea, etc.). Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Analysis of photographic images of the structure of the surface of the sea near a speck of light

Values of root mean square slope ₀ and its variations -₀ are estimated using the brightness field of an image of the surface of the sea near a speck of light. When ₀ and -₀ are defined it is highly important to take into account direct as well as dissipated solar radiation.The space-time analysis of the structure of the image brightness field is performed. This gives an opportunity to estimate dispersion relationship and the running effect of a brightness contrast packet. Comparison of the parameters obtained with the theoretical dispersion ratio of internal waves (IW) allows one to make a conclusion that IW surface manifestations are recorded in a frame.UDK 551.463.5     

Hierarchy of the models of classical mechanics of inhomogeneous fluids

The methods of perturbation theory and integral representations are used to analyze the general properties of a system of equations of the mechanics of inhomogeneous fluids including the equations of momentum, mass, and temperature transfer. We also consider various submodels of this system, including the reduced systems in which some kinetic coefficients are equal to zero and degenerate systems in which the variations of density or some other variables are neglected. We analyze both regularly perturbed and singularly perturbed solutions of the system. In the case of reduction or degeneration of solutions, the order of the system decreases. In this case, regularly perturbed solutions are preserved (with certain modifications) but the number of singularly perturbed components participating in the formation of the boundary layers on contact surfaces and their analogs in the bulk of the fluid, i.e., the elongated high-gradient interlayers, decreases. The interaction between all components of the currents is nonlinear, despite the fact that their characteristic scales are different.