西沙群岛8种热带海参的骨片形态特征

利用扫描电子显微镜对我国西沙群岛8种海参(棘辐肛参Actinopyga echinites、图纹白尼参 Bohadschia marmorata、黑海参 Holothuria atra、红腹海参 H.edulis、象牙参 H.fuscopunctata、黄乳海参 H.fuscogliva、格皮氏海参Pearsonothuria graeffei、糙刺参Stichopus horrens)背部皮层的骨片形态和种类进行观察和研究.结果表明,8种海参的骨片包括桌形体、假桌形体、花纹样体、穿孔板、杆状体、扣状体、假扣状体、C形体和X形体等9种类型.其中黑海参的杆状体以及格皮氏海参、黄乳海参、图纹白尼参和棘辐肛参的穿孔板为新发现的骨片形态,象牙参的骨片种类和形态为首次描述.     

中国热带6种海参骨片的种类和形态研究

利用扫描电子显微镜对我国6种热带海参(蛇目白尼参、玉足海参、花刺参、梅花参、子安辐肛参和巨梅花参)背脊部骨片的组成和结构进行了观察。结果表明,蛇目白尼参骨片有3种类型的花纹样体和1种杆状体;玉足海参骨片有2种类型的桌形体和1种扣形体;花刺参骨片有2种类型的桌形体、1种C形体和1种花纹样体;梅花参骨片有4种类型的杆状体;子安辐肛参骨片有1种花纹样体;巨梅花参骨片有1种杆状体、1种拟桌形体和1种颗粒体。结果显示,与之前学者光镜下观察的结果存在差异,玉足海参桌形体底盘中央是单孔而非4孔;花刺参桌形体立柱之间没有横梁连接。并发现了新的骨片类型:蛇目白尼参Ⅲ型花纹样体和杆状体;玉足海参顶部周缘小孔桌形体;花刺参顶部5簇小齿桌形体;梅花参Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型、Ⅳ型杆状体。     

亚甲基蓝比色法测定海参不同组织酸性黏多糖含量

采用亚甲基蓝显色分光光度法测定海参不同组织酸性黏多糖含量.在pH为5～6的酸性条件下,海参多糖以阴离子状态存在,能够与亚甲基蓝发生异染现象,生成的异染配合物在564nm处有最大吸收波长;在4～20 mg/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系,方法回收率为78.33%～100.09%,精密度<10%,该方法最低检出浓度为0.79m...     

梅花参中多糖提取工艺及含量测定的研究

采用正交设计L9（34）,研究梅花参（Thelenota ananas）中多糖的提取工艺,探讨并建立了测定海参多糖含量的方法.结果表明：最佳提取条件为1g样品加40mL 3%KOH溶液,40～45℃超声2h;且提取温度为首要的影响因素;产物经二次乙醇纯化的结果较好,粗多糖得率20.25%.多糖经单糖组成分析,岩藻糖含量达到70%以上.测得梅花参中总糖含量8.79%;糖醛酸含量0.95%.该实验操作简单,稳定可靠,重现性好,准确度高,为测定其它海参中多糖的含量提供了可靠的依据.     

高效毛细管电泳法测定海参多糖的单糖组成

目的:采用高效毛细管电泳法测定3种不同海参多糖的单糖组成。方法:海参多糖水解后,经PMP衍生化,高效毛细管电泳分析。电泳条件:缓冲液为60 mmol.L-1硼砂溶液(pH=9.0);柱温25℃;运行电压25 kV;检测波长245 nm;压力进样50 mbar,进样时间5 s。结果:3种不同海参多糖中均含GalN、GlcN、GalNAC、Glc、Man、Fuc、Gal、GlcUA,梅花参多糖中各单糖的摩尔比为1.00∶1.02∶1.63∶1.19∶1.02∶10.26∶0.82∶0.38,四方刺参多糖中各单糖的摩尔比为1.00∶0.41∶0.43∶0.56∶0.29∶5.47∶0.43∶0.25,北极参多糖中各单糖的摩尔比为1.00∶0.26∶0.22∶0.25∶0.06∶1.36∶0.27∶0.16。结论:该方法具有简单、快速、分离效率高等特点,能同时测定海参多糖中氨基糖、中性糖、糖醛酸的组成。     

可口革囊星虫的营养成分分析与评价

测定了可口革囊星虫的营养成分,干物质中蛋白质、脂肪、总糖和灰分的含量分别为70.68%,2.29%,5.51%和15.32%。必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量的35.41%,氨基酸分为32,化学分为19分。脂肪酸中不饱和脂肪酸(UFA)含量为81.22%,高于饱和脂肪酸(SFA);不饱和脂肪酸中高度不饱和脂肪酸(HUFA)的含量为54.27%;脂肪酸中EPA和DHA的含量为3.9%和0.12%。无机元素丰富,其中常量元素含量规律为Na>K>Mg>P>Ca,微量元素中Fe含量较高,其次为Mn和Zn。     

顺序扫描 ICP-AES法测定高纯石墨灰分中14种杂质金属元素的方法研究

本文研究了快速测定石墨灰分中14种杂质元素Al,Ca,Cd,Co,Cr,Cu,Fe,Mg,Mn,Mo,Ni,Ti,V,Zn的分析方法,以满足提纯石墨研究工作对快速了解石墨提纯效果的要求.依据测定样品中各元素的含量情况,实验选择14种元素的分析线.运用ICP-AES谱线轮廓图功能,消除常量元素产生的基体背景干扰.运用干扰系数法进行测定结果校正,并对ICP-AES测定灰分中14种元素的检出线、精密度、准确度进行了测定.结果显示,本方法分析石墨灰分中杂质元素能够满足提纯石墨研究工作的要求.     

荣成靖海湾海参养殖池塘初级生产力季节变化特征

2007年5月~2007年11月调查了山东荣成靖海湾海参养殖池塘水体中浮游植物种类组成、生物量、叶绿素含量变化以及底泥沉积物中叶绿素和脱镁叶绿素含量的变化.结果表明,海参养殖池塘水体中浮游植物共有7门,44属,62种,主要以硅藻为主.水体中浮游植物平均生物量1号池塘为17.52×10~4 /L;2号池塘为18.30×10~4 /L.水体叶绿素含量变化范围:1号池塘为1.38～5.00 μg/L;2号池塘为0.98～5.45 μg/L.池塘沉积物中叶绿素含量变化范围:1号池塘为0.66～1.67 μg/g,2号池塘为0.56～1.34 μg/g.池塘沉积物中脱镁叶绿素含量变化范围:1号池塘为2.97～5.63 μg/g;2号池塘为2.90～6.36 μg/g.1号池塘和2号池塘的浮游植物群落结构及叶绿素含量没有显著性差异(P>0.05).叶绿素,脱镁叶绿素变化趋势较为一致.海参夏眠期间,沉积物中叶绿素及脱镁叶绿素含量最高,为海参结束夏眠进入摄食提供食物储备.研究结果表明,靖海湾海参养殖池塘浮游植物以硅藻为主,养殖池塘水体浮游植物生物量较低,多样性指数较高,增加浮游植物沉降速率,增加养殖系统初级生产力可为海参提供更多食物.     

红树胚轴和叶片生长发育的元素动态

探讨中国8种主要红树植物的叶片和3种典型胎生的胚轴种苗,在生长发育中Cl、Na、K、Ca、Mg及灰分的含量动态.结果表明,随着胚轴在母树上的胎生发育,胚轴不仅Cl、Na含量降低,K、Ca、Mg及灰分含量也降低,成熟时各元素及灰分含量均远低于果实,表明胚轴的盐分含量在胎生过程中是一个低盐化的过程.红树植物叶片从幼叶至老叶:K含量降低;Ca、Mg含量提高;Cl、Na及灰分含量拒盐红树提高,而泌盐红树则相反幼叶高于老叶.表明拒盐红树盐分有集中于老叶的趋势,随着叶片更新、富盐叶片凋落而排除体内过多盐分的累积是拒盐红树抗盐适应的特性之一.K元素则可再周转利用.     

海参花营养成分分析及其提取物对人卵巢癌细胞雌二醇分泌的影响

海参花是雌海参的性腺,在海参加工过程中常被作为下脚料,但它含有丰富的营养成分和多种活性因子,本研究检测了海参花的一般营养物质、元素含量以及氨基酸组成,同时,研究了海参花水提取物和乙醇提取物对人卵巢癌OVCAR 3细胞增殖以及对其雌二醇分泌的影响。结果表明,海参花含水量为86.63%,粗蛋白、粗脂质和粗多糖（干重）占比分别为65.06%、14.82%和1.93%。共检测出17种氨基酸,总氨基酸含量为519.09 mg/kg。其中,必需氨基酸含量为197.04 mg/kg。海参花还含有多种对人体有益的元素。海参花提取物对人卵巢癌OVCAR 3细胞的增殖有明显的抑制作用,海参花水提取物、乙醇提取物均可提高细胞培养液上清液中雌二醇的含量,其中乙醇提取物可显著提高上清液中雌二醇的含量（P<0.01）。以上表明,海参花的营养丰富,其提取物能显著促进人卵巢癌OVCAR 3细胞雌二醇的分泌调节,因此具有很高的开发利用价值。     

营口市海水浴场资源环境容量分析

营口市位于辽宁省的中南部,面对渤海的辽东湾,背依鞍山市平原丘陵,东邻辽东崇山峻岭,西接盘锦市沿海平原,有辽河蜿蜒人海,海岸线绵延曲折。由于受海洋、河流的影响．营口市四季分明,气候宜人,蕴藏着丰富的滨海旅游资源,海蚀景观、地质珍迹、人文景观等资源各显异彩;尤其是海水浴场,条件极为优越,与国际上一流的海水浴场相比．毫不逊色,在某些特征上还稍胜一筹。     

A method of estimation of the results of reconstruction of the trajectories of drifting buoys

A method for the estimation of the results of reconstruction of the trajectories of drifting buoys is proposed. It is based on the comparison of the estimates of power spectral densities for the components of current velocity computed according to three data sets: the data set of the coordinates of a drifting buoy with a built-in GPS receiver, the data set of coordinates formed on the basis of the first set but with data missing and observational errors corresponding to the actual trajectory measurements by the Argos satellite location and data collection system by the Doppler method, and the data set of coordinates obtained as a result of interpolation of the second set. As an example, we consider the procedure of realization of the proposed method and demonstrate the efficiency of its application for the improvement of the reliability of reconstruction of the trajectories of drifting buoys.     

Estimates of fishery potentials of the EEZ of India

An attempt has been made to estimate the fishery potentials of the EEZ of India on the basis of data on primary and secondary production. The total column primary production and zooplankton production have been calculated to be 265·9 and 9 million tonnes of carbon per year, respectively. From these values the fishery potential has been estimated as 2·5 million tonnes per year. To this, if we add the estimated demersal fish catch, being 1·2 million tonnes per year, the total potential yield comes to 3·7 million tonnes per year. Since the present average total catch is about 1·6 million tonnes in a year, the fish catch could be doubled.     

韩国的海岸带综合管理

1992年，联合国21世纪议程提出了综合管理的概念，并认为它是海岸管理的最重要目标，而海岸管理的目的就是改进业已存在的管理实践的效率和效果。在21世纪议程的实施过程中，沿海国家面临着巨大的困难，即：为了使综合管理在实践中具有可操作性而建立适合的政府机构。韩国正是在国家范围和次一级区域进行这项工作的实验场所。这项工作的最重要成就是在1996年成立了具有综合协调各涉海部门职能的韩国海洋事务与渔业部（MOMAF）。这篇文章的内容主要来自于这些观察，即韩国政府为建立海岸带综合机制而进行了各种努力，特别是1992年联合国环发大会召开后到1997年初海洋事务与渔业部成立了海岸带管理处这段时间里开展的各种工作，文章重点在于评价在建立海岸带综合机制的过程中综合的概念是如何被应用并被挑战的。文章提出了在东亚地区沿海国家开展合作的可能区域的建议。     

天然气水合物地球化学特征

天然气水合物是在低温、高压以及有足够气体供应条件下形成的一种天然气(主要为甲烷)与水组成的似冰状固态化合物。天然气水合物中包含的甲烷碳是全球甲烷资源的重要组成部分,是一种数量巨大的潜在能源[1]。而且由于甲烷的温室效应,天然气水合物分解释放的甲烷进入大气中会严重     

海鸟系列CTD数据预处理分析

介绍了海鸟系列温盐深测量仪(CTD)原始数据预处理的方法和步骤,解释各个过程中的原理,根据规范和工作实际对处理过程中存在的问题进行分析,提出解决方案,针对资料的标准化提出建议和意见。     

A model of the dynamics of the ecosystem of the Sea of Azov

We use many-year archival observations of hydrologic and hydrobiologic state of the Sea of Azov for the identification of the structure of a model of its ecosystem. The ecosystem model, supplemented with expert estimates of bioresource consumption (fish reserve), contamination level, and possible ecologic fines for violation of the sea natural state, is formalized by the method of system dynamics. Hereat, the major part of influence functions is found in terms of observational data with application of self-organization algorithms. We also present the results of simulated experiments with the model of the ecosystem, which enable us to analyse scenarios of its behaviour under the influence of various external factors (wind, river discharge, water exchange with the Black Sea, etc.). Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Analysis of photographic images of the structure of the surface of the sea near a speck of light

Values of root mean square slope ₀ and its variations -₀ are estimated using the brightness field of an image of the surface of the sea near a speck of light. When ₀ and -₀ are defined it is highly important to take into account direct as well as dissipated solar radiation.The space-time analysis of the structure of the image brightness field is performed. This gives an opportunity to estimate dispersion relationship and the running effect of a brightness contrast packet. Comparison of the parameters obtained with the theoretical dispersion ratio of internal waves (IW) allows one to make a conclusion that IW surface manifestations are recorded in a frame.UDK 551.463.5     

Hierarchy of the models of classical mechanics of inhomogeneous fluids

The methods of perturbation theory and integral representations are used to analyze the general properties of a system of equations of the mechanics of inhomogeneous fluids including the equations of momentum, mass, and temperature transfer. We also consider various submodels of this system, including the reduced systems in which some kinetic coefficients are equal to zero and degenerate systems in which the variations of density or some other variables are neglected. We analyze both regularly perturbed and singularly perturbed solutions of the system. In the case of reduction or degeneration of solutions, the order of the system decreases. In this case, regularly perturbed solutions are preserved (with certain modifications) but the number of singularly perturbed components participating in the formation of the boundary layers on contact surfaces and their analogs in the bulk of the fluid, i.e., the elongated high-gradient interlayers, decreases. The interaction between all components of the currents is nonlinear, despite the fact that their characteristic scales are different.