南海西部围区中特提斯东延通道问题

通过对南海西部围区中生代岩相古地理资料的收集整理和分析,编制了该区T_2,T_3~1,T_3~2,T_3~3,J_1-J_2,J_3-K_1共6个时段的岩相古地理简图,根据其中生代海相地层的时空分布和岩相特征,讨论了尚存争议的中特提斯进入南海的通道问题。实际资料表明,黑水河盆地在三叠纪受印支运动影响完成了从海到陆的过程,之后不再出现海相沉积,中特提斯不可能从红河裂谷带进入南海。在新加坡所见的晚三叠世至早侏罗世浅海至陆相沉积代表古特提斯的残余海,到中侏罗世完全消失。早侏罗世时期在印支半岛南部出现的近南北走向的海湾可能经过泰国湾与当时的滇缅海相通;但是这个海湾浅而短暂,滇缅海能否从这里进入南海值得怀疑,更不可能是中特提斯的通道。在南海西部围区,迄今已证实的中生代洋壳碎片(蛇绿岩套)和深海沉积仅见于南部Woyla—Maratus—Lupar一线及其附近。这套延伸2000余km,从洋壳、深海到浅海岩相齐全的岩石所代表的晚侏罗世至早白垩纪世大洋应是中特提斯洋的一部分。中特提斯东延而最可能是走南路,即从班公一怒江带南下之后,经Woyla线穿过苏门答腊岛,绕加里曼丹岛南缘到Maratus线,向北再经沙巴到Lupar线,在沙捞越北部或纳土纳岛附近进入南海。     

大同煤峪口原“怀仁群”中的植物化石及其时代之厘定

早在1975年秋的河北中生代地层会议上,山西的个别同志和与会的少数同志指出在大同组之下,可能还有下侏罗统(系指原定为二叠纪的“怀仁群”),但在其地层表中因缺证据而未列入。1976年河北地质学院大同专题队对原“怀仁群”的地质时代也提出了异议,认为因含T_3—J_1的植物化石而应属晚三叠—早侏罗世。1977年山西矿业学院的73级学员及老师也对大同地区的“怀仁     

藏北南羌塘盆地曲瑞恰乃地区中侏罗世色哇组、莎巧木组、布曲组的生物地层特征

对藏北南羌塘盆地曲瑞恰乃地区的晚三叠世-侏罗纪地层进行了研究,自下而上划分为晚三叠世日干配错群,晚三叠世～早侏罗世索布查组,早侏罗世曲色组,中侏罗世色哇组、莎巧木组、布曲组、夏里组和晚侏罗世索瓦组。其中,对中侏罗世色哇组、莎巧木组、布曲组生物地层的研究为本文的主要内容,研究成果为该区中侏罗世地层层序的建立和详细对比提供了重要的依据。     

藏北南羌塘盆地曲瑞恰乃地区中侏罗世色哇组、 莎巧木组、布曲组的生物地层特征

对藏北南羌塘盆地曲瑞恰乃地区的晚三叠世-侏罗纪地层进行了研究,自下而上划分为晚三叠世日干配错群,晚三叠世～早侏罗世索布查组,早侏罗世曲色组,中侏罗世色哇组、莎巧木组、布曲组、夏里组和晚侏罗世索瓦组。其中,对中侏罗世色哇组、莎巧木组、布曲组生物地层的研究为本文的主要内容,研究成果为该区中侏罗世地层层序的建立和详细对比提供了重要的依据。     

贵州省晚三叠世含煤地层特征及对比

贵州省晚三叠世地层分布在罗甸—贵阳—遵义—正安一线以西地区,主要为一套陆相或海陆相互相碎屑含煤沉积,厚87～2 400m。地层岩性、厚度变化较大,含煤性差异明显。通过对岩性、岩相、古生物和地层发育特征等分析研究,将全省晚三叠世地层划分为3个区：①黔西南区,地层出露较为齐全,地层厚度最大;②黔中南区,缺失了赖石科组和火把冲组,把南组相变为三桥组;③黔西北区,地层缺失较多,仅保存二桥组。在综合分析各分区地层岩性组合及地层相变与缺失规律的基础上,对该区含煤地层进行了对比。     

中生代济源盆地沉积充填特征及其对秦岭、 太行山隆升作用的响应

中生代是济源盆地形成并发展的重要时期。秦岭造山带在晚三叠世造山以及太行山在中侏罗世隆升对济源盆地的沉积格局产生了显著影响,这段时间,盆地始终处在一个盆山相互作用的阶段,将盆地与造山带的构造演化联系起来,有利于更好的认识这一构造沉积响应过程。本文通过对济源盆地中生代地层、沉积及其充填特征的研究,将盆地中生界划分为4个构造层序:TS1、TS2、TS3、TS4,其中TS1充填了下三叠统刘家沟组、和尚沟组和中三叠统二马营组、油房庄组,它是在扬子、秦岭及华北板块汇聚的背景下形成的内陆克拉通型层序。TS2、TS3分别充填了上三叠统椿树腰组、谭庄组和下侏罗统鞍腰组(义马组)、中侏罗统杨树庄组,它们都具有前陆盆地型充填特征,分别响应的是秦岭造山带造山作用沿洛南—栾川断裂以及三门峡—鲁山—舞阳断裂发生的逆冲推覆作用。TS4充填的是中侏罗统马凹组,受太行山隆升作用的影响,形成了厚层的磨拉石堆积。在此基础上,可将济源盆地盆山系统演化归为3个阶段:早—中三叠世大陆基底隆升与内陆克拉通型盆地,晚三叠世—中侏罗世早期秦岭造山与前陆盆地,中侏罗世晚期太行山隆升与山间盆地。显然,济源盆地响应了秦岭造山及太行山隆升,秦岭造山带晚三叠世造山表现为两次逆冲推覆作用,而太行山主体隆升应在中侏罗世晚期,标志着华北克拉通破坏进入高峰期。     

青藏羌塘地块他利克甘利山早三叠纪牙形刺的发现及地质意义

青藏高原1∶25万加措、丁固幅区调填图过程中,在他利克甘利山原划为晚三叠世的地层中,首次发现了早三叠世常见牙形刺化石Parachirognathus delicatulus和Neospathodus bicostatus。根据所发现牙形刺动物特征及岩石特征,将原肖茶卡组划为硬水泉组和康鲁组,并将其时代从过去的晚三叠世修订为早三叠世。该发现填补了测区缺失早三叠世沉积记录的空白,为测区进一步研究三叠纪岩相古地理、地层划分与对比提供了新的地层依据。     

赤布张错幅地质调查新成果及主要进展

于二叠纪-古近纪地层中发现动物化石、植物化石和孢粉多属多种。其中所有孢粉和植物化石在测区均为首次发现。发现软体动物并建立1新属2新种(Quemocuomegalodon orientus Yao Sha et Zhang，Q．longitatus Yao Sha et Zhang)。在藏北地区首次发现典型的古近纪双壳类化石(Pisidium amnicum Miiller)。在上三叠统中发现厚度超过800m的钙碱性岛弧型中酸性火山岩。岩浆侵入岩获得一批岩石化学资料和21个喜马拉雅期的同位素年龄数据(23～48Ma)，显示南部同碰撞、北部造山后拉张的特点。新近纪火山岩分布于测区北部，划分为2个喷发旋回，为板内裂谷活动的产物。发现中-晚侏罗世地层与晚三叠世地层的明显角度不整合接触面。查明了测区北部的二叠纪地层与上覆晚三叠世至侏罗纪地层为角度不整合接触。     

藏北色哇地区索布查组、曲色组岩石地层、层序地层、生物地层特征及三叠系与侏罗系界线

对藏北羌塘盆地南缘色哇地区的三叠纪与侏罗纪地层进行研究,在下侏罗统曲色组之下发现了一套以灰岩为主的地层,建立了索布查组,该组下部产晚三叠世腕足类、双壳类、六射珊瑚,上部产早侏罗世菊石,因此确定索布查组地质时代为晚三叠世—早侏罗世。三叠系-侏罗系界线应在索布查组之内,三叠系与侏罗系可能为整合接触。     

燕山地区中生代造山运动及构造演化

燕山地区是东亚中生代地质构造发育的典型地区,是燕山运动的命名地。本文通过重新认识龙门组的沉积性质,并结合其它有关研究和资料,提出了大陆内部陆相环境地区造山运动时期的鉴定标志。依此确立和划分了本区印支运动、燕山运动及其构造期、幕。分别编制了印支期(T_1—J_1~1)、早燕山期(J_1~2—J_2~2)、中燕山期(J_2~3—J_3)和晚燕山期(K_1—K_2~1)古构造图。论述了中生代各阶段的构造演化。强调指出早燕山构造幕的重要意义。     

齐姆根-桑株河地区侏罗纪沉积盆地及沉积相

齐姆根-桑株河地区侏罗纪形成昔力必里-库斯拉甫断陷盆地和达木斯-莫莫克-克里阳坳陷盆地,其间以琼阔若勒克背斜带相分割.下侏罗统莎里塔什组为冲积扇相沉积,康苏组属湖泊-三角洲相沉积,中侏罗统杨叶组至塔尔尕组以湖泊相沉积为主,上侏罗统库孜贡苏组为扇三角相沉积.沉积特征为侏罗纪早期快速充填,中期稳定沉降,晚期萎缩充填.康苏组、杨叶组湖泊相暗色碳质泥岩、粉砂质泥岩有机质含量高,厚度较大,为塔西南重要的生油岩.     

Depositional facies,environments and sequence stratigraphic interpretation of the Middle Triassic–Lower Cretaceous (pre-Late Albian) succession in Arif El-Naga anticline,northeast Sinai,Egypt

The Middle Triassic–Lower Cretaceous (pre-Late Albian) succession of Arif El-Naga anticline comprises various distinctive facies and environments that are connected with eustatic relative sea-level changes, local/regional tectonism, variable sediment influx and base-level changes. It displays six unconformity-bounded depositional sequences. The Triassic deposits are divided into a lower clastic facies (early Middle Triassic sequence) and an upper carbonate unit (late Middle- and latest Middle/early Late Triassic sequences). The early Middle Triassic sequence consists of sandstone with shale/mudstone interbeds that formed under variable regimes, ranging from braided fluvial, lower shoreface to beach foreshore. The marine part of this sequence marks retrogradational and progradational parasequences of transgressive- and highstand systems tract deposits respectively. Deposition has taken place under warm semi-arid climate and a steady supply of clastics. The late Middle- and latest Middle/early Late Triassic sequences are carbonate facies developed on an extensive shallow marine shelf under dry-warm climate. The late Middle Triassic sequence includes retrogradational shallow subtidal oyster rudstone and progradational lower intertidal lime-mudstone parasequences that define the transgressive- and highstand systems tracts respectively. It terminates with upper intertidal oncolitic packstone with bored upper surface. The next latest Middle/early Late Triassic sequence is marked by lime-mudstone, packstone/grainstone and algal stromatolitic bindstone with minor shale/mudstone. These lower intertidal/shallow subtidal deposits of a transgressive-systems tract are followed upward by progradational highstand lower intertidal lime-mudstone deposits. The overlying Jurassic deposits encompass two different sequences. The Lower Jurassic sequence is made up of intercalating lower intertidal lime-mudstone and wave-dominated beach foreshore sandstone which formed during a short period of rising sea-level with a relative increase in clastic supply. The Middle-Upper Jurassic sequence is represented by cycles of cross-bedded sandstone topped with thin mudstone that accumulated by northerly flowing braided-streams accompanying regional uplift of the Arabo–Nubian shield. It is succeeded by another regressive fluvial sequence of Early Cretaceous age due to a major eustatic sea-level fall. The Lower Cretaceous sequence is dominated by sandy braided-river deposits with minor overbank fines and basal debris flow conglomerate.     

Stratigraphy and palynostratigraphy, Karoo Supergroup (Permian and Triassic), mid-Zambezi Valley, southern Zambia

The Karoo Supergroup outcropst in the mid-Zambezi Valley, southern Zambia. It is underlain by the Sinakumbe Group of Ordovician to Devonian age. The Lower Karoo Group (Late Carboniferous to Permian age) consists of the basal Siankondobo Sandstone Formation, which comprises three facies, overlain by the Gwembe Coal Formation with its economically important coal deposits, in turn overlain by the Madumabisa Mudstone Formation which consists of lacustrine mudstone, calcilutite, sandstone, and concretionary calcareous beds. The Upper Karoo Group (Triassic to Early Jurassic) is sub-divided into the coarsely arenaceous Escarpment Grit, overlain by the fining upwards Interbedded Sandstone and Mudstone, Red Sandstone; and Batoka Basalt Formations.Palynomorph assemblages suggest that the Siankondobo Sandstone Formation is Late Carboniferous (Gzhelian) to Early Permian (Asselian to Early Sakmarian) in age, the Gwembe Coal Formation Early Permian (Artinskian to Kungurian), the Madumabisa Mudstone Late Permian (Tatarian), and the Interbedded Sandstone and Mudstone Early or Middle Triassic (Late Scythian or Anisian). The marked quantitative variations in the assemblages are due partly to age differences, but they also reflect vegetational differences resulting from different paleoclimates and different facies.The low thermal maturity of the formations (Thermal Alteration Index 2) suggests that the rocks are oil prone. However, the general scarcity of amorphous kerogen, such as the alga Botryococcus sp., and the low proportion of exinous material, indicates a low potential for liquid hydrocarbons. Gas may have been generated, particularly in the coal seams of the Gwembe Coal Formation, that are more deeply buried.     

吐鲁番-哈密盆地陆源碎屑沉积环境及物源分析

吐鲁番-哈密盆地从晚二叠世到晚第三纪经历了复杂的,多旋回的沉积构造演化历史,造成主要地层间均以不整合为界。盆地内沉积相类型丰富,沉积环境随时间的推移而发生改变。在晚石炭世,盆地北部为浅海环境;到晚二叠世,沉积环境由海相转变为陆相,并在上二叠统下部形成大量冲积相或河流相粗碎屑沉积;在三叠纪,沉积物主要形成于冲积相或河流-湖泊环境中,古气候则由干旱转为温暖湿润。早、中侏罗世,沉积环境以湖泊-沼泽相为主;到晚侏罗世,则以辫状河流相为主及干旱气候为特征。在白垩纪,盆地的沉积范围大为缩小,以湖泊环境为主;第三纪,沉积范围则扩大到整个盆地,沉积相以辫状河流及冲积相为特征,沉积气候干旱,局部地区接受了盐类沉积。古流向分析显示,吐-哈盆地具有复杂的沉积搬运体系。在盆地南侧,沉积物搬运方向总是由南向北,表明觉罗塔格山是盆地的主要物源区;而在盆地北侧,博格达山自晚侏罗世开始隆起,构成盆地的另一新的物源区,沉积物搬运方向由北向南。在白垩及第三纪,博格达山成为盆地的主要物源区。     

Dibenzofuran Series in Terrestrial Source Rocks and Crude Oils and Applications to Oil-Source Rock Correlations in the Kuche Depression of Tarim Basin, NW China

1IntroductionTheTarimBasin ,NWChina,istheonlybasininChinawherenotonlymarine ,butalsoter restrialindustrialoilandgaspoolsaredeveloped .TheterrestrialoilandgaspoolshavebeenfoundintheKuchedepressioninthenorthernpartofthebasinanditsfrontupliftarea (Fig .1) .ThesourcerocksoftheterrestrialoilandgaspoolsareTriassicandJurassiclacustrinemudstonesandswampcoals.ThebiomarkersfromthesaturatedfractionsofTriassicandJurassicterrestrialsourcerocksandFig .1 .LocationofTriassicandJurassicterrestrialsource…     

鄂尔多斯盆地油页岩的主要地质特征及资源潜力

前人及笔者最近研究结果表明:鄂尔多斯盆地除赋存有大量的石油、天然气、煤、煤层气、地下水及铀矿而外,还赋存着巨量的油页岩资源.油页岩分别赋存于早二叠世山西组、中-晚三叠世延长组、晚三叠世瓦窑堡组及中侏罗世早期延安组、中侏罗世晚期安定组地层中;在空间上,油页岩多呈层状展布于盆地内部而隐伏于地下.中、晚三叠世延长组和中侏罗世早期延安组是主要含油页岩层位.早二叠世油页岩形成于海陆交互的滨海环境,中-晚三叠世延长组中的油页岩形成于陆相深湖或半深湖环境,晚三叠世瓦窑堡组油页岩、中侏罗世早期延安组油页岩形成于陆相湖泊三角洲湖沼环境,与煤层共生,而中侏罗世晚期安定组油页岩仅局限于陆相半深湖环境.通过对陕西铜川北部和宁夏固原炭山典型油页岩矿的剖析,查明鄂尔多斯油页岩矿层厚度一般为4～36 m,含油率一般为1.5%～13.7%(下限略低于3.5%这一油页岩矿的最低工业品位,本次低于部分暂不参加资源量的计算);发热量一般为1.66～20.98 MJ/kg,视比重1.55～2.46.埋藏2000 m以上的页岩油资源量(334)达2000×108 t以上,其中探明储量(121)1×108t,显示了巨大的资源前景.盆地东南部及西部的油页岩埋藏浅,部分地段探明程度高,交通条件好,如果及时开发利用,不仅可以获得初步经济效益,同时也可为鄂尔多斯油页岩的开发利用获取开拓性的宝贵经验.     

北祁连-河西走廊志留纪和泥盆纪古地理及其对同造山过程的沉积响应

北祁连-河西走廊志留系包括下志留统鹿角沟砾岩和肮脏沟组、中志留统泉脑沟山组和上志留统旱峡组，泥盆系包括中、下泥盆统老君山组和上泥盆统沙流水组。鹿角沟砾岩为水下冲积扇沉积，断续分布于北祁连西段。肮脏沟组在北祁连-河西走廊分布广泛，主要为半深海碎屑复理石沉积。泉脑沟山组和旱峡组分布于北祁连和河西走廊西段，前者以浅海相砂泥岩和泥灰岩为主，后者以滨海潮坪-浅海碎屑岩沉积为主。老君山组分布于古祁连山山前和山间盆地，为粗碎屑磨拉石沉积。沙流水组分布于河西走廊东段，为湖相沉积。区域古地理分析表明，北祁连-河西走廊志留纪-泥盆纪的古地理主要受北祁连加里东-早海西期不规则造山作用控制。鹿角沟砾岩标志着弧-陆碰撞最早发生于早志留世早期。早志留世北祁连-河西走廊由弧后残余盆地向前陆盆地转化。中、晚志留世北祁连东段剧烈造山并与阿拉善古陆的连接，前陆盆地限于北祁连-河西走廊西段。志留纪末期为北祁连的主造山期，泥盆纪形成高峻的古祁连山。早、中泥盆世形成山前和山间盆地的粗碎屑磨拉石沉积。晚泥盆世造山带西段造山作用剧烈，形成剥蚀区。东段造山作用微弱，山地被剥蚀，山前形成湖泊相的晚泥盆世沉积。     

Sedimentological characteristics and new detrital zircon SHRIMP U–Pb ages of the Babulu Formation in the Fohorem area,Timor-Leste

Sedimentological characteristics and zircon provenance dating of the Babulu Formation in the Fohorem area, Timor-Leste, provide new insights into depositional process, detailed sedimentary environment and the distribution of source rocks in the provenance. Detrital zircon sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) U–Pb ages range from Neoarchean to Triassic, with the main age pulses being Paleozoic to Triassic. In addition, the maximum deposition ages based on the youngest major age peak (ca 256–238 Ma) of zircon grains indicate that the basal sedimentation of the Babulu Formation occurred after the early Upper Triassic. The formation consists predominantly of mudstone with minor sandstone, limestone and conglomerate that were deposited in a deep marine environment. These deposits are composed of six lithofacies that can be grouped into three facies associations (FAs) based on the constituent lithofacies and bedding features: basin plain deposits (FA I), distal fringe lobe deposits (FA II) and medial to distal lobe deposits (FA III). The predominance of mudstone (FA I) together with intervening thin-bedded sandstones (FA II) suggest that the paleodepositional environment was a low energy setting with slightly basin-ward input of the distal part of the depositional lobes. Discrete and abrupt occurrences of thick-bedded sandstone (FA III) within the FA I mudstone suggests that sandstone originated from a collapse of upslope sediments rather than a progressive progradation of deltaic turbidites. This combined petrological and geochronological study demonstrates that the Babulu Formation in the Fohorem area of the Timor-Leste was initiated as a submarine lobe system in a relatively deep marine environment during the Upper Triassic and represents the extension of the Gondwana Sequence at the Australian margin.     

东昆仑造山带塔妥煤矿羊曲组时代新知

根据岩性、岩相特征 ,东昆仑造山带塔妥煤矿羊曲组自下而上可分为 3段 ,其中一段和三段为河流相产物 ,二段为湖沼相产物。依据本次研究在二段中所获得的孢粉和淡水双壳动物化石可厘定本区羊曲组成的形成时代为中三叠世至早侏罗世。     

南祁连盆地木里坳陷石炭系—侏罗系天然气水合物潜在气源岩地质特征

通过对南祁连盆地木里坳陷石炭系、二叠系、三叠系、侏罗系等4套层系5条剖面的野外测量及室内地质分析,明确了该区天然气水合物潜在气源岩的岩性特征、沉积相类型及沉积演化过程。石炭系—二叠系整体以出露中厚层砂岩夹薄层泥岩为主要特征,沉积浅海陆棚相、滨岸相和三角洲相,由于断层发育致使局部地层厚度减薄且泥质岩大部分缺失,可能难以成为天然气水合物潜在气源岩;上三叠统整体以发育中薄层泥岩与中薄至中厚层砂岩互层为主要特征,沉积相类型为潮坪相、湖泊相和河流相,泥岩累积厚度较大,是天然气水合物主要潜在气源岩;中侏罗统整体上以发育厚层泥岩、砂岩为主要特征,沉积相类型为辫状河相、三角洲相和湖泊相,是天然气水合物次要的潜在气源岩。研究结果为南祁连盆地木里坳陷天然气水合物气源岩研究提供了重要地质依据。