火山岩储层斜长石选择性溶蚀的岩石学特征和热力学条件

长石溶孔是火山岩中重要的孔隙类型之一,火山岩的主要孔隙类型中长石溶孔所占的比例在1.24%～60.61%之间,在储层中占有重要地位.从岩相学、岩石化学CIPW标准矿物成分、热力学等方面论证了斜长石的选择性溶蚀.岩相学特征表现出斜长石选择性溶蚀的特征,即钙长石溶蚀时钠长石没有溶蚀,同时出现斜长石选择性溶蚀时钠长石和钾长石生长的现象.斜长石选择性溶蚀得到了CIPW标准矿物成分的支持,在CIPW标准矿物成分中长石的端元组分主要为钠长石和钾长石,而钙长石绝大多数为0或接近0.热力学研究表明,在同样的温度、压力和地层水成分的条件下,在斜长石中优先溶解钙长石组分.当地层水中Na+和K+浓度达到饱和时发生钠长石和钾长石沉淀,出现斜长石选择性溶蚀的同时发生钠长石和钾长石生长的现象.     

火山岩储层斜长石选择性溶蚀的岩石学及热力学研究

长石溶孔是火山岩中重要的孔隙类型之一,火山岩的主要孔隙类型中长石溶孔所占的比例在1.24%～60.61％之间,在储层中占有重要地位。从岩相学、岩石化学CIPW标准矿物成分、热力学等方面论证了斜长石的选择性溶蚀。岩相学特征表现出斜长石选择性溶蚀的特征,即钙长石溶蚀时钠长石没有溶蚀,同时出现斜长石选择性溶蚀时钠长石和钾长石生长的现象。斜长石选择性溶蚀得到了CIPW标准矿物成分的支持,在CIPW标准矿物成分中长石的端元组分主要为钠长石和钾长石,而钙长石绝大多数为0或接近0。热力学研究表明,在同样的温度、压力和地层水成分的条件下,在斜长石中优先溶解钙长石组分。当地层水中Na+和K+浓度达到饱和时发生钠长石和钾长石沉淀,出现斜长石选择性溶蚀的同时发生钠长石和钾长石生长的现象。     

桐庐和相山两类酸性火山—侵入杂岩中长石的对比研究

桐庐和相山杂岩体分别属于同熔型和陆壳重熔型火山－侵入杂岩系列,通过对这两个系列中的斜长石及碱性长石进行了对比研究。桐庐杂岩体中存在两种斜长石及两种碱性长石,而相山杂岩体中只有一种斜长石及一种碱性长石。桐庐杂岩体中的两种斜长石,一种为环带构造发育、中心绢云母化较强的斜长石,其中心成分有的已达培长石,而边缘主要为更长石,另一种为环带构造不发育的斜长石,其成分变化较小,主要为中长石;而两种碱性长石中一种为无色透明的透长石,其内部均匀分布有规则的出溶微结构,另一种为微红色的正长石,基本上看不到出溶结构,这两种碱性长石结构不同但成分基本相似。笔者认为桐庐杂岩体中存在的两种斜长石及两种碱性长石反映了岩浆的不平衡结晶作用,这种不平衡主要是岩浆上升过程中带状岩浆房的扰动引起的;而相山杂岩体中的长石反映了一种近平衡结晶的岩浆环境     

湘南多金属矿集区燕山期成矿花岗岩的造岩矿物特征及其成因意义

湘南地区燕山期成矿花岗岩有3种类型,其主要造岩矿物化学成分和种属明显不同;矿物的化学成分变异特征均显示出壳幔岩浆混合成因的特点：①角闪石均属于钙质角闪石亚类。②MC型早期次花岗岩中的黑云母多属镁质黑云母;CM型晚期次花岗岩中的黑云母主要为铁质黑云母;C型花岗岩中的黑云母主要为铁叶云母-铁黑云母,且多为铁锂黑云母。3类型花岗岩中黑云母的成分变异呈线型关系,暗示有成因联系。③3类型花岗岩中斜长石有明显区别,MC型多为中长石,CM的多为更长石,C型多为钠长石。斜长石环带构造发育程度不同,CM型早期次单元花岗岩中的斜长石环带最发育。④CM型花岗岩及其暗色微粒包体中的碱性长石主要属于相对富钾的正长石,包体中的个别属歪长石,表明其形成温度较高;C型花岗岩中碱性长石为相对贫钾的钠正长石及微斜长石。⑤造岩矿物特征和成分变异显示了成矿花岗岩的形成与壳幔岩浆混合作用有关,形成MC型和CM型早期次单元花岗岩的岩浆演化主要是岩浆混合作用,而CM型花岗岩晚期次的花岗岩类和C型花岗岩类的岩浆演化可能还存在分离结晶作用。     

岩浆作用过程的矿物记录:以邯邢地区中生代侵入岩为例

矿物环带结构是岩浆过程的良好记录,而矿物温压计可以定量计算岩浆的物理化学条件。该次研究对邯邢地区中生代侵入岩中两个浅成侵入体中典型的斜长石斑晶进行了电子探针和LA-ICP-MS元素面扫描,同时对其中不同成因的角闪石晶体进行了电子探针分析和物理化学条件计算。通过研究发现这两个样品中的斜长石斑晶属于循环晶。辉石闪长玢岩中的斜长石斑晶主要成分为更长石,而斑状石英二长岩中斜长石斑晶主要成分为中长石和拉长石。两者具有明显不同的环带结构,分别记录了不同的岩浆混合过程:前者记录了基性岩浆多次注入酸性岩浆房,并最终获得体积优势;后者记录了少量基性岩浆注入酸性岩浆房内,两者不断混合,形成均质化岩浆的过程。Fe元素从斜长石中心到边部有富集的趋势,表明岩浆最终向富铁的方向演化。角闪石温压计的计算结果表明,辉石闪长玢岩的岩浆房深度在5.5 km左右,温度大约为850 ℃,氧逸度大约为ΔNNO+1,熔体中的含水量大约为4.0%,其最终侵位于2.1 km的地壳深度。而斑状石英二长岩最终定位于2.0 km的地壳深度,角闪石结晶的平均温度为737 ℃,相对氧逸度为ΔNNO+1.2,熔体含水量为3.9%。     

内蒙古沙德盖花岗岩岩浆混合作用:岩相学、矿物化学和年代学证据

华北地台北缘乌拉山地区的沙德盖钾长花岗岩体中普遍发育以二长岩为主的暗色微粒包体,包体具塑性流变特征,与寄主岩的接触界线或为截然或为渐变过渡。岩相学观察表明,包体中发育多种反映岩浆混合作用的典型组构,如石英眼斑、环斑长石、镁铁质团块、钾长石巨晶的溶蚀、磷灰石的针柱状形貌、长石中的包体带以及钙长石的"针尖"结构等。造岩矿物的电子探针分析表明,岩浆混合在沙德盖岩体的形成中起了重要作用,寄主花岗岩浆主要来自下地壳,而暗色包体岩浆则主要为地幔来源。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素定年结果显示,沙德盖花岗岩及其暗色微粒包体的形成时代基本一致,分别为233.4±2.3Ma和229.7±1.5Ma(中三叠世),进一步佐证了该岩体是岩浆混合作用的产物。研究认为,当铁镁质岩浆与长英质岩浆混合时,早期基性岩浆的快速淬冷形成了边界清楚、具明显冷凝边且暗色矿物含量较高的包体;随着两种不同成分岩浆之间温差的减小以及组分的交换,进一步形成了颜色较浅、边界渐变过渡和无明显冷凝边的包体。     

相图对广西栗木花岗岩斑晶及起源岩浆的热力学形成条件的分析

与压力、温度、源岩成分、部分熔融程度有关的岩浆起源量化分析是花岗岩研究的难点。以广西栗木第二阶段花岗岩为研究对象,在岩相学及晶体类型分析的基础上,选择熔体晶体群中的斑晶和小颗粒环带净边结构斜长石及自形石英等作为探讨花岗岩起源之初始岩浆的特殊晶体群,运用相图分析它们形成时的压力和温度,进而推导出初始岩浆形成时的压力约为0.43 GPa(相当于深约16km处的上地壳),开始熔融出岩浆的共结点温度约为720°,初始岩浆最终熔出温度略高于800°,源岩成分的基性程度Ab/An值大于7.8。研究还表明,选择的特殊晶体群没有经历岩浆上升途中的阶段性生长,并认为,对于钙长石含量低的An—Ab—Or—Q岩浆体系(An5%),斑晶条纹长石的成分能够反映花岗岩浆起源时的部分熔融程度。该研究克服了前人利用矿物化学成分计算只能得出岩浆侵位时结晶温度、压力而得不到部分熔融时的熔融温度和压力的缺点,可为花岗岩起源分析提供有益的参考。     

胶东金矿区高钾—钾质脉岩地球化学与俯冲—壳幔作用研究

胶东金矿区与金矿成矿伴生的脉岩为一套高钾－钾质脉岩。根据地质、岩相学及与金矿化的时空关系,将主要岩石类型划分为粕斑岩、安山玢岩、英安玢岩类,它们分别形成与金矿化早期、同期和晚期;主要元素成分以富碱高钾、低钛为特征,成分变异具同源岩浆结晶分异演化的一般规律,早期以辉石和橄榄石、中晚期以角闪石和斜长石为主的矿物相分离结晶控制岩浆的演化;岩石明显富Ｂａ、Ｓｒ、Ｒｂ、Ｋ、ＬＲＥＥ等大离子元素、强烈亏损Ｃｒ     

尼加拉瓜三座火山的火山岩岩石学、地球化学和斜长石晶体大小分布特征研究

中美洲火山弧是洋-陆俯冲带火山作用的典型代表,由科科斯板块向东俯冲到加勒比板块之下而形成。本次对尼加拉瓜境内中美洲火山弧康塞普西(Concepción)火山、马德拉斯(Maderas)火山和马萨亚(Masaya)火山采集的样品进行了岩石学和地球化学研究,分析熔岩内部的显微结构,统计熔岩内斜长石斑晶大小分布(CSD)特征,利用温压计估算岩浆房的温压条件,讨论三座火山岩浆演化过程及岩浆活动特征。结果显示三座火山岩样品显示典型的岛弧火山岩特征,岩浆来自受到科科斯板块流体交代的MORB型亏损地幔的部分熔融。康塞普西和马德拉斯火山岩全岩成分相似,范围很大,从玄武质演化到了粗安质,它们的稀土和微量元素标准化曲线相似。两火山熔岩的岩相学特征相近,在基性岩和中性岩中均含有自形的钙长石质斜长石。推测钙长石来自捕获的堆晶辉长岩,钙长石的混入导致统计的斜长石斑晶CSD曲线呈上凹形。计算它们的岩浆平衡温度和压力与岩浆Si O2含量呈负相关,岩浆平衡温度1039～1138℃,平衡压力1.8～9.7kbar,对应岩浆深度6.6～35.4km。马萨亚火山岩样品均为玄武岩,其全岩和斑晶内的Fe O含量明显比康塞普西和马德拉斯火山中的Fe O含量高,未见钙长石质斜长石,其轻稀土元素含量低,Nb和Ta强烈负异常,87Sr/86Sr比值略高与其他两座火山,岩浆部分熔融程度更高。     

俄罗斯塔尔纳赫岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床中流体参与成矿的矿物学证据

岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床研究中“硫化物矿浆”组成及上侵聚集机制一直存在争议。在新近提出的“岩浆通道成矿系统”的思路下,文章研究了来自俄罗斯诺里尔斯克地区塔尔纳赫铜镍硫化物矿床中的赋矿橄榄苏长辉长岩,发现其主要造岩矿物存在两种类型,在微量元素分配上出现了明显的差异。文章重点报告了其中斜长石的特点。以微量元素的分配模式为依据,所有斜长石可以分为两类：Ⅰ型斜长石强烈富集大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素,强烈亏损高场强元素,成分为钠长石倍长石,与硫化物共存,指示在含矿硫化物珠滴中应含有大量流体;Ⅱ型斜长石富集轻稀土元素,强烈亏损高场强元素,成分为中长石倍长石,产于岩体中遭受交代改造较弱的区域,指示它们由熔体结晶形成。据此我们认为“硫化物矿浆”在上侵过程中包含大量流体,应该为“熔体流体”。文章为流体在硫化物矿浆富集和运移过程中起着重要作用的论点提供了新的证据。     

Partition coefficients of trace elements: Application to volcanic rocks of St. Vincent,West Indies

Island arc basaltic rocks (basalts and basic andesites with SiO₂ < 56.5%) from the Soufrière volcano. St. Vincent, West Indies (prehistoric lavas and 1902 and 1979 eruptions) underwent extensive fractional crystallization at various levels during the ascent of the magma. Although the precipitation of minerals occurring in coarse-grained cumulate inclusions dominated the derivation of basic andesites from basaltic magma, the distribution of the trace elements is not consistent with a simple fractional crystallization process. The lavas have a partially cumulate character and were probably generated from similar but separate parental magmas. The partition coefficients of transition and large ion lithophile elements are given for clinopyroxene, amphibole. olivine, plagioclase and titanomagnetite in basaltic liquid which crystallized under well-defined P-T conditions. The temperatures obtained from the geothermometers based upon the distribution of the major elements are in good agreement with the data from trace element geothermometers.     

赣东北-浙西北登山群和松木坞群中火山岩的地球化学

赣东北－浙西北新元古代登山群和松木坞群主要由板岩、砂岩、流纹岩、流纹质英安岩、玄武岩和玄武质安山岩组成，火山岩的Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ和Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ等时线年龄以及流纹岩中单颗粒锆石Ｕ－Ｐｂ年龄显示其成岩时代为８００－９００Ｍａ。登山群和松木坞群火山岩呈双峰式产出，其中镁铁质火山岩在化学成分上呈现出演化程度较高的特点（ｅｖｏｌｖｅｄｎａｔｕｒｅ），高强场元素（Ｔｉ、Ｎｂ、Ｔａ等）相对于碱土元素未发生明显亏损，反映其形成于大陆裂谷环境。镁铁质火山岩具低的Ｎｄ值，表明其来源于弱亏损的地幔源，也可能遭受一定程度的地壳混染作用改造。酸性火山岩在化学成分上表现出Ｓ型火山岩特点，但其变化于－１．９～＋２８，指示其为先存的长英质基底分熔作用的产物，但存在强烈的地慢物质添加作用。     

Petrographic and Geochemical Evidence for Magma Mixing and Crustal Contamination in the Post-Collisional Calc-Alkaline Yozgat Volcanics,Central Anatolia,Turkey

Petrographic, major-oxide, and trace-element data are presented for the Yozgat volcanics. These rocks range in composition from basalts through basaltic andesites and andesites to dacites. Major-oxide variations are largely explicable in terms of fractional crystallization, involving removal of observed phenocrysts and microphenocrysts. However, complex zoning patterns and resorbtion phenomena shown by phenocrysts in these lavas, and observed epitaxitic pyroxene growth around quartz xenocrysts imply that they are hybrids formed by a mixing process. In addition, observed enrichments in crustal elements such as K, Rb, Ba, Sr, and P provide clear evidence for the crustal assimilation of granitoid and metasedimentary xenoliths. The following model is suggested for the evolution of the Yozgat volcanics. The primitive magma underwent fractionation in an intracrustal magma chamber to yield more evolved liquids. Influx of hot, primitive magma into the magma chamber promoted vigorous convection-crustal assimilation and eruption of the volcanic rocks in the study area.     

Geochemistry of Neogene quartz andesites from the Oaş and Gutâi Mountains,Eastern Carpathians (Romania): a complex magma genesis

The Neogene quartz andesites from the Oa? and Gutâi Mountains (Romania) are mid-K calc-alkaline rocks and contain plagioclase-orthopyroxene-clinopyroxene-amphibole-magnetite phenocrysts as well as quartz crystals. They are associated with a volcanic sequence ranging from basalts and basaltic andesites to dacites and rhyolites, but form a separate magma group, mostly in respect to the trace elements. Based on the geochemical data combined with inferences from complex zoning patterns in plagioclase and pyroxene, the evolution of quartz andesites is interpreted in terms of fractional crystallization, AFC and magma mixing. A parental magma deriving from a MORB- or OIB-type source modified by fluids and melts originating from sediments is envisaged.     

长江中下游中生代安山质火山岩记录的新元古代大洋板片-地幔相互作用

大陆弧安山岩的形成是大洋板片向大陆边缘之下俯冲的结果,但是在具体形成机制上存在很大争议.针对这个问题,对长江中下游地区中生代安山质火山岩及其伴生的玄武质和英安质火山岩进行了系统的岩石地球化学研究,结果对大陆弧安山质火成岩的成因提出了新的机制.分析表明,这些岩石形成于早白垩世,它们不仅表现出典型的岛弧型微量元素分布特征,而且具有高度富集的Sr-Nd-Hf同位素和高的放射成因Pb以及高的氧同位素组成.通过全岩和矿物地球化学成分变化检查发现,地壳混染和岩浆混合作用对其成分的富集特征贡献有限,而其岩浆源区含有丰富的俯冲地壳衍生物质才是其成分富集的根本原因.虽然这些火山岩的喷发年龄为中生代,但是其岩浆源区形成于新元古代早期的华夏洋壳俯冲对扬子克拉通边缘之下地幔楔的交代作用.大陆弧安山岩地幔源区中含有大量俯冲洋壳沉积物部分熔融产生的含水熔体,显著区别于大洋弧玄武岩的地幔源区,其中只含有少量俯冲洋壳来源的富水溶液和含水熔体.正是这些含水熔体交代上覆地幔楔橄榄岩,形成了不同程度富集的超镁铁质-镁铁质地幔源区.在早白垩纪时期,古太平洋俯冲过程的远弧后拉张导致中国东部岩石圈发生部分熔融,其中超镁铁质地幔源区熔融形成玄武质火山岩,镁铁质地幔源区则熔融形成安山质火山岩.因此,大陆弧安山岩成因与大洋弧玄武岩一样,可分为源区形成和源区熔融两个阶段,其中第一阶段对应于俯冲带壳幔相互作用.      

A model of reverse differentiation at Dikii Greben' Volcano,Kamchatka: progressive basic magma vesiculation in a silicic magma chamber

Dikii Greben' Volcano is the largest modern volcano with silicic rocks in the Kurile-Kamchatka island arc. It consists of many domes and lava flows of rhyodacite, dacite and andesite which were erupted in a reverse differentiation sequence. Non-equilibrium phenocryst assemblages (quartz + Mg-rich olivine, An-rich + An-poor plagioclase etc.), abundance of chilled mafic pillows in the dacites and andesites, and linear variations of rock compositions in binary plots are considered as mineralogical, textural and geochemical evidence for mixing. Mafic pillows in volcanics have a lower density (because of high porosity) and contain the same non-equilibrium phenocryst assemblages as the host rocks. Their groundmass contains skeletal microlites of plagioclase and amphibole proving that the groundmass as well as the pillows themselves formed from a water-rich basaltic magma at depth. They are considered as supercooled, vesiculated floating drops of a hot hybrid layer in the magma chamber which formed after refilling. The lower density of the inclusions allows them to float in the host magma and to concentrate at the top of the chamber prior to eruption. Magma mingling was effected by mechanical disintegration of the inclusions in the host magma during eruption. The rhyodacitic and basic end-members of the mixing series cannot be linked by low-P fractionation though high-P, amphibole-rich fractionation is not excluded.     

俄罗斯Kurile-Kamchatka地区安山质熔体的成分、挥发分组成和微量元素

Melt inclusions in minerals from some volcanoes of the Kurile-Kamchatka region were examined.The studied basaltic andesites and andesites were sampled from volcanoes of the Central Kamchatka depression(Shiveluch and Bezymyannyi),Eastern Kamchatka volcanic belt(Avachinskii and Karymskii),and Iturup Island,Southern Kuriles(Kudryavyi).Basalts of the 1996 eruption of the Karymskii volcanic center and dacites of Dikii Greben'volcano,Southern Kamchatka were also studied.More than 260 melt inclusions from 31 rock samples were homogenized,and quenched glasses were analyzed using electron and ion microprobes.The compositions of melt inclusions in andesitic phenoerysts vary in silica contents from 56 to 80wt%.Al_2 O_3 ,FeO,MgO,CaO decrease and Na_2O and K_2O increase with increasing SiO_2.Many inclusions(about 80% )are dacitic or rhyolitic.However,the compositions of silicic glasses(>65wt% SiO_2)in andesites significantly differ in TiO2,FeO,MgO,CaO,and K_2O contents from those in dacites and rhyolites.High-potassium melts(K_2O 3.8～6.8wt% )with various SiO_2 from 51.4 to 77.2wt% were found in minerals of all volcanoes studied.This indicates a contribution of a component selectively enriched in potassium to magmas of the whole region.A great compositional diversity of melt inclusions in plagioelase phenocrysts from the Bezymyannyi andesites suggests a complex history of plagioclase crystallization and magma evolution in the andesite formation.Melts from different volcanoes strongly vary in volatile contents.The highest H_2O contents are found in the melts from Shiveluch(3.0～7.2wt%,4.7wt% on average)and Avachinskii (4.7～4.8wt%);while those are lower in melts of Kudryavyi(0.1～2.6wt% ),Dikii Greben'(0.4～1.8wt%),and Bezymyannyi (<1wt%).Chlorine contents are also variable.The lowest values are found in the Bezymyannyi melts(0.09wt% on average),the highest Cl contents are typical of melt inclusions in minerals from the Karymskii andesites(0.26wt% on average).The melts from Avachinskii,Dikii Greben',Kudryavyi,and Shiveluch show intermediate Cl contents(0.13～0.20wt% ).The pressure of 350～1600 bar determined by CO_2 fluid inclusions in plagioclase from the Shiveluch andesites suggests a magma chamber at a depth of 1.5～6 km. Concentrations of 17 elements were determined in glasses of melt inclusions in plagioclases from five volcanoes(Avachinskii, Bezymyannyi,Dikii Greben',Kudryavyi,and Shiveluch).The studied melts show similar trace-element patterns with Nb and Ti minima and B,K,Be,and Li maxima.The melts are close to typical island arc magmas by Sr/Y,La/Yb,K/Ti,and Ca/St ratios, and have some specific regional geochemical features.REE patterns sensitive to degree of magma differentiation indicate that Kudryavyi magmas are most primitive,while Shiveluch magmas are most evolved.     

Late proterozoic island arc volcanics from Gebeit,Red Sea Hills,north-east Sudan

The area of Gebeit Mine in the northern Red Sea Hills, Sudan, is built up of voluminous volcanic rocks and minor volcaniclastic and clastic sequences. According to their chemical and modal compositions the Gebeit volcanics can be devided into four groups: (a) cpx-physic basalts with clinopyroxene and plagioclase as the dominant phenocrysts and minor opaques; (b) hbl-physic basalts with hornblende, clinopyroxene, plagioclase and subordinate magnetite including one rare dacite; (c) pl-phyric andesites with plagioclase phenocrysts in a matrix that is rich in magnetite; and (d) aphyric basalts. The compositional variation within the distinct volcanic groups can only partly be explained by fractional crystallization, and more than one magma source reservoir is required.Mineral and whole rock Sm/Nd data for the cpx-physic and hbl-physic basalts yield an isochron age of 832 ± 26 Ma (Nd_T = 6.74 ± 0.19, MSWD = 0.12) which is interpreted as the age of eruption. The Nd_t values for the aphyric basalts and pl-physic andesites range from 6.7 to 8.3, indicating the involvement of different depleted magma sources. The Nd and Sr isotopic data rule out any significant influence of older continental crust in the formation of the Gebeit volcanics and indicate an intraoceanic origin. This implies that the Gebeit terrane is a segment of juvenile crust that originated in a subduction-related environment and supports the arc accretion model for the Arabian-Nubian Shield.     

Magmatic processes and mixing origin of andesite: Miocene Karamağara volcanics,Central Anatolia,Turkey

The Miocene Karamağara volcanics (KMV) crop out in the Saraykent region (Yozgat) of Central Anatolia. The KMV include four principal magmatic components based on their petrography and compositional features: basaltic andesites (KMB); enclaves (KME); andesites (KMA); and dacites (KMD). Rounded and ellipsoidal enclaves occur in the andesites, ranging in diameter from a few millimetres to ten centimetres. A non‐cognate origin for the enclaves is suggested due to their mineralogical dissimilarity to the enclosing andesites. The enclaves range in composition from basaltic andesite to andesite. Major and trace element data and primitive mantle‐normalized rare‐earth element (REE) patterns of the KMV exhibit the effects of fractional crystallization on the evolution of the KME which are the product of mantle‐derived magma. The KMA contain a wide variety of phenocrysts, including plagioclase, clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, hornblende and opaque minerals. Comparison of textures indicates that many of the hornblende phenocrysts within the KMA were derived from basaltic andesites (KMB) and are not primary crystallization products of the KMA. Evidence of disequilibrium in the hybrid andesite includes the presence of reacted hornblendes, clinopyroxene mantled by orthopyroxene and vice versa, and sieve‐texture and inclusion zones within plagioclase. The KMV exhibit a complex history, including fractional crystallization, magma mixing and mingling processes between mantle and crust‐derived melts. Textural and geochemical characteristics of the enclaves and their hosts require that mantle‐derived basic magma intruded the deep continental crust followed by fractional crystallization and generation of silicic melts from the continental material. Hybridization between basic and silicic melts subsequently occurred in a shallow magma chamber. Modelling of major element geochemistry suggests that the hybrid andesite represents a 62:38 mix of dacite and basaltic andesite. The implication of this process is that calc‐alkaline intermediate volcanic rocks in the Saraykent region represent hybrids resulting from mixing between basic magma derived from the mantle and silicic magma derived from the continental crust. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

大兴安岭南段晚中生代双峰式火山作用

大兴安岭南段晚中生代克头鄂博组山岩表现出双峰式特征，主要由玄武质安山岩、英安岩和流纹岩组成。基性火山岩属于代钾拉斑系列，轻微富集LREE，Eu异常不明显（Eu/Eu=0.99-1.04)和HREE无明显分馏的特征（Dy/YbcN=1.030-1.089);富集大离子亲石元素（LILE）而亏损高场强元素（HFSE），尤其是强烈亏损Nb,Ta。英安岩和流纹岩为钙碱性系列，在REE配分模式上为LREE富集型，其中英安岩为Eu弱负异常（Eu/Eu=0.81-1.01)，流纹岩的Eu负异常明显（Eu^*/Eu=0.65-0.76)；在微量元素蛛网图上，英安岩类似于基性火山岩，流纹岩除了具LILE富集和HFSE亏损特征外，还显示出Sr,P,Ti等元素的强烈亏损，可能与岩浆演化过程中斜长石、磷灰石的分离结晶作用相关。晚中生代双峰式火山岩分离结晶的结果。流纹岩表现出较高的La/Sm比值和很高的K／P、K／Ti比值，其成因可能与地壳混染作用或与大陆中、下地壳重熔作用有关。结合区域晚中生代盆岭构造格局特征、大兴安岭南段晚中生代双峰式火山岩形成于造山后阶段，是岩石圈快速伸展体制下导致受早期流体交代的岩石圈地幔发生减压部分熔融作用的产物。