从露头剖面层序中求解海平面变化

海平面变化规律是层序地层学研究核心内容之一。在露头剖面的沉积学研究中，通常只能对水深变化作出估价，而难以直接判断海平面的变化情况。因此，如何从露头剖面的地层层序中来求解海平面的变化，是摆在我们面前的一个难题。本文介绍了用数学方法和改进后的Ｆｉｓｃｈｅｒ图解来求解在特定沉积背景下形成的地层层序所反映的海平面变化情况，并用上述方法对塔里木盆地北部肖尔布拉克地区寒式纪露头剖面进行了海平面变化的重建，得到了良好的结果。     

贵州台地相区宗地剖面晚石炭世一早二叠世早期层序地层特征

应用露头层序地层学基本原理和方法，在详细的岩石岩相学、沉积学研究和精细的地层划分对比基础上，对贵州宗地剖面晚石炭世二叠纪早期地层进行了露头层序地层研究。研究表明，贵州宗地剖面晚石炭世一二叠纪早期地层至少可识别出6种主要岩相及11种具有不同环境意义的微相类型。宗地剖面晚石炭世地层可以划分出6个三级层序，二叠纪早期地层可划分出4个三级层序。笔者等阐述了沉积层序的各种界面的露头标志，探讨了三级层序和层序区域对比的基本特征。三级沉积层序在不同古地理单元和不同沉积环境中可以进行对比。三级层序发育TST和HST，LST不发育或难以识别。     

伊宁凹陷金鑫煤矿侏罗系露头剖面层序地层分析

以伊宁凹陷北缘霍城县金鑫煤矿侏罗系露头地层剖面为研究对象,采用层序地层学和沉积相分析方法,对其层序界面特征、层序的构成特征和沉积相类型进行研究.结果表明,侏罗系露头剖面发育冲积扇、辫状河、曲流河、三角洲和滨浅湖等沉积相类型;层序界面以侵蚀不整合面和河道强烈侵蚀下切面为识别标志.依据确定的层序界面,在八道湾组中划分3个层序、三工河组和西山窑组中分别划分2个层序.低位体系域主要发育冲积扇和辫状河沉积体系,湖扩体系域主要发育滨浅湖沉积,高位体系域主要发育三角洲和曲流河沉积体系.泥炭沼泽主要发育于湖扩体系域和高位体系域.     

安徽巢湖凤凰山剖面石炭系微相和层序地层特征

应用露头层序地层学基本原理和方法 ,对巢湖凤凰山石炭系剖面进行重新研究。巢湖凤凰山石炭系总厚度为79.0 2 m ,在这个剖面中可以识别出 6种主要岩相、18种微相和 11个三级沉积层序 ,其中六个三级沉积层序属于 I型沉积层序 ,三个属于 II型沉积层序 ,缺失第 9和第 10沉积层序。三级沉积层序在不同的古地理单元和不同的沉积环境中可以进行对比。根据各微相特征和成因 ,揭示了沉积间断面上存在的多期古岩溶现象。阐述了三级层序及其对应的三级海平面升降旋回的特征     

安徽巢湖凤凰山剖面石灰系微相和层序地层特征

应用露头层序地层学基本原理和方法，对巢湖凤凰山石炭系剖面进行重新研究。巢湖凤凰山石炭系总厚度为79．02m，在这个剖面中可以识别出6种主要岩相、18种微相和11个三级沉积层序，其中六个三级沉积层序属于I型沉积沉序，三个属于Ⅱ型沉积层序，缺失第9和第10沉积层序 。三级沉积层序在不同的古地理单元和不同的沉积环境中可以进行对比。根据各微相特征和成因，揭示了沉积间断面上存在的多期古岩溶现象。阐述了三级层序及其对应的三级海平面升降旋回的特征。     

深水浊积岩层序地层学研究中碳氧同位素的应用——以湖南大庸田坪剖面为例

笔者通过海平面变化曲线与碳氧同位素曲线比较，发现两者曲线基本吻合，碳同位素曲线显示的海平面变化更接近露头层序地层的海平面变化；氧同位素曲线与露头层序海平面变化大体一致。局部出现相反结论。碳同位素曲线对沉积环境变化较氧同位素曲线更敏感。通过两者曲线研究，说明运用稳定同位素曲线变化可作为浊积岩层序地层学研究的一个研究手段。     

含煤建造露头层序地层分析—以太原西山石炭二叠系剖面为例

从太原西山石炭二叠系标准剖面入手，探讨了露头层序地层分析方法，含煤地层格架研究中的应用。太原西山石炭二叠纪沉积建造可分为２个陆表海碳酸盐岩与硅质碎屑岩混合沉积层序和２个河流碎屑岩层沉积层序，其形成受控于３级海平面变化。     

露头层序地层学研究方法综述

从露头层序地层学的研究现状和大量的实际工作入手，论述了露头层序地层学研究的基本内容，所使用的研究手段、方法和流程；描述与分析了露头层序地层学研究中的地层单元界面，如层面、准层序和准层序组界面、Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型层序界面的地表特征及其识别标志；针对野外层序地层学研究中的图件编制问题，提出“点、线、面、体、时”系列图件的编绘流程与方法。     

江西九江长虹大道第四纪地层剖面特征

九江长虹大道第四纪地层剖面层序齐全,露头良好,作者对剖面进行了岩石地层学、磁性地层学、重矿物和粘土矿物学、地球化学研究,探讨了第四纪沉积环境,取得了一些新的资料和进展.     

江西九江长虹大道第四纪地层剖面特征

九江长虹大道第四纪地层剖面层序齐全，露头良好，作者对剖面进行了岩石地层学、磁性地层学、重矿物和粘土矿物学、地球化学研究，探讨了第四纪沉积环境，取得了一些新的资料和进展。     

皖西南地区南华纪—志留纪层序地层分析

在1：25万区域地质调查基础上，通过对宿松—东至地区南华纪-志留纪地层露头剖面研究，对其相应的沉积环境、沉积相进行了分析，并根据生物地层、岩石地层和年代地层等成果，将南华纪-志留纪地层划分为1个一级层序，5个二级层序和15个三级层序组。一级和二级层序在沉积相序上总的趋势表现为浅→深→浅的变化，且与海平面变化曲线相吻合；三级层序组海平面上升和下降往往受构造运动、海平面变化；冰川事件影响。     

中国东部全新世以来海面波动特征探讨

对全新世以来中国东部海面变化的资料数据进行全面搜集,其中包括12条原始曲线和 600多个标志物点的多项信息,通过建立数据库、统计分析等多种方法与手段的运用,拟对全新世以来中国东部海面变化小尺度波动进行对比研究,并得出全新世以来中国东部海面波动的一系列特征。初步建立起中国东部全新世以来海面随时间变化的波动序列,即：大致以 6500aBP为界, 6500aBP之前海面在波动中快速上升;6500aBP之后海面波动频繁,变化幅度减弱,但其变化的总趋势呈现出在波动中微微上升的特点。中国东部全新世以来海面变化从总体上来讲共经历了 9个周期的波动变化。     

Fischer Plots of Wumishan Cyclothems,Precambrian Records of Third-OrderSea-Level Changes

INTRODUCTIONThe Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation in Jixian,Tianjin is a succession of 3 300 m thick carbonate strata (Fig.1) where stromatolite biostromes and thrombolite bioherms arebest developed. The formation period of Wumishan Formation,about 100 Ma ((310120) Ma, (l 2071 10) Ma. Wang et al.,1995), is categorized as the Ectasian period of the Mesoproterozoic. Varieties of stromatolites in Wumishan Formation,such as Pseudogymnosolen mopanyuense, Scyphus parous,Conophoton conse…     

中国全新世海平面变化周期与世界未来海平面变化规律

从发现海滩岩断代序列模式后,通过多学科综合研究又发现气候变化周期、闽粤海岸升降周期和海平面变化周期等皆为500a 左右。在13000aB.P.前中国气候变暖,海平面为以上升为主的升降期;近6000多年海平面以周期性上下波动为特征;而近3100年寒冷气候以每1000年7个纬度的速度南移,海平面向上波动幅度变小。按气候变化周期,现阶段为变寒期,将抵消一部分“温室效应”,世界未来50—100年的海面可能与今持平或有所下降。按照冰期和间冰期的时间规律,未来6000—7000年的海平面将下降几十米。     

中朝板块新元古代微亮晶(臼齿构造)碳酸盐事件、层序地层和建系研究

通过对中朝板块燕山、吉辽和徐淮地区新元古代地层的沉积学、旋回地层学、锶同位素地层学以及(臼齿构造)碳酸盐岩事件和海平面变化研究,特别是IGCP447项目的全球性综合调查和对比研究,提出了增建北华系的地层划分和对比方案:以南华系底界(730±10Ma)也就是全球性成冰系的底界为北华系的顶界,而北华系底界应该对应于青白口系顶界(850Ma),即以钓鱼台组底界作为青白口系与北华系的界线。辽宁大连金石滩剖面可以作为北华系界线层型剖面的候选剖面。     

Reef geometries, erosion surfaces and high-frequency sea-level changes, upper Miocene Reef Complex, Mallorca, Spain

The upper Miocene Reef Complex of Mallorca is a 20-km prograding unit which crops out in sea cliffs along the southern side of the island. These vertical and exceptionally clean outcrops permit: (i) identification of different facies (lagoon, reef front, reef slope and open platform) and their geometries and boundaries at different scales, ranging from metre to kilometre, and (ii) construction of a 6-km-long high-resolution cross-section in the direction of reef progradation. This cross-section shows vertical shifts of the reefal facies and erosion surfaces linked to a general progradational pattern that defines the accretional units. Four hierarchical orders of magnitude (1-M to 4-M) of accretional units are identified by consideration of the vertical facies shifts and by which erosion surfaces are truncated by other erosion surfaces. All these orders show similar patterns: horizontal beds of lagoonal facies in the upper part (landward), reefal and slope facies with sigmoidal bedding in the central part, and open-platform facies with subhorizontal bedding in the lower part (basinwards). The boundaries are erosion surfaces, horizontal over the lagoon facies, dipping basinwards over the reef-front facies and connecting basinwards with their correlative conformities over the reef-slope and open-platform facies. The four orders of accretional units are interpreted in terms of four (1-M to 4-M) hierarchies of sea-level cycles because (i) there is a close relation between the coral growth and the sea surface, (ii) there are vertical shifts in the reefal facies and their relation to the erosion surfaces, and (iii) there was very little tectonic subsidence in the study area during the late Miocene. Additionally, all these units can be described in terms of their position relative to the sea-level cycle: (i) the reefs prograde on the open-platform sediments during low stands of sea-level; (ii) aggradation of the lagoon, reef and open-platform facies dominates during sea-level rises, and the lagoonal beds onlap landwards upon the previous erosion surface; (iii) reefal progradation occurs during high stands of sea-level; and (iv) the 2-M sea-level fall produces an off-lapping reef and there is progradation with downward shifts of the reefal facies and erosion landward on the emerged (older) reefal units (A-erosion surfaces); the 3-M and 4-M sea-level falls produce only erosion (B-and C-erosion surfaces). Although precise age data do not exist at present, some speculations upon the frequency of these Miocene relative sea-level cycles can be made by comparisons with Pleistocene cyclicity. There is a good correlation between the Miocene 2-M cycles and the 100-ka Pleistocene cycles. Consequently, the 1-M cycles can be assigned to a fourth order in relation to previously proposed global cycles and the 2-M to fifth-order cycles. All these accretional units could be defined as ‘sequences’, according to the definition as commonly used in sequence stratigraphy. However, they represent higher than third-order sea-level cycles, but are not parasequences. The term subsequence, therefore, is suggested to define ‘a part of a sequence bounded by erosion surfaces (mostly subaerial) and their correlative conformities basinwards'. A hierarchy of subsequences can be established.     

Evidence for Late Pleistocene and Holocene sea-level,neotectonic and climate control in the coastal zone of northwest Portugal

The coastal zone of northwest Portugal can be subdivided into two geomorphological sectors: Sector 1, between the Minho River and the town of Espinho, where the coastal segments consist of estuaries, sandy and shingle beaches with rocky outcrops, and Holocene dune systems (foredunes and some migrating dunes with blow-outs). The estuaries and the foredunes in particular are very degraded by human activities. Sector 2, between Espinho and the Mondego Cape, where coastal lagoons and Holocene dune systems (foredunes, parabolic and transverse dunes) occur. This study deals with the macroscale, i.e. 100–1000 years, forcing by sea-level changes and neotectonic activity on the one hand, and mesoscale, i.e. 1–100 years, forcing by climate fluctuations on the other hand, on these (palaeo-)environments. It is shown in particular that sea-level changes and neotectonic activity play a dominant role in the evolution of the coastal zone since the Late Pleistocene. Sediment starvation on the shoreface is postulated to be one of the major causes for coastal erosion since at least the 15th century. The mesoscale role of climate is difficult to assess at the present stage of knowledge, mainly because of overprinting by the macroscale evolution of the coast. However, data on estuarine saltmarsh evolution in sector 1 point towards discrete changes in storminess, while the development of Medieval dune systems in sectors 1 and 2 are attributed to the Little Ice Age or, alternatively, to human occupation of the dune areas.     

南海诸岛全新世珊瑚礁演化的特征

本文概括了南海诸岛珊瑚礁的分布,礁体地形、地貌和地质的一般特征,论述了老灰沙岛、新灰沙岛和礁坪等几类典型的全新世珊瑚礁礁体演化的基本过程,讨论了全新世珊瑚礁演化与季风、气候和海平面的关系。礁坪是随着冰后期海平面上升在晚更新世侵蚀面上堆积的,全新世中期高海面出现前后分别形成老灰沙岛和新灰沙岛。     

沉积体系域控矿机制讨论——以华南泥盆纪某些沉积层控矿床为例

七十年代末期,由于地震地层学的扩展,层序地层学应运而生并已成为沉积地质学研究领域的前沿学科,也是全球沉积地质计划(GSGP)的重要内容之一和第十三届国际沉积学大会的中心议题之一,由此可见地质工作者对进行层序地层研究的热衷程度。七·五期间,在刘宝珺教授领导的《中国南方岩相古地理及沉积、层控矿产远景预测》项目中,运用层序地层学的理论和方法对中国南方震旦纪至二叠纪的沉积层序进行了研究,并建立了离散型被动大陆边缘、汇聚型挤压盆地和板内盆地中的沉积层序模式和海平面升降曲线。在进行《湖南