基于非线性模型的畸形波模拟及其时频能量谱研究

采用VOF(volume offluid)方法实现了畸形波的数值模拟.将数值结果与线性理论(方程(5))计算结果进行了对比,发现数值模拟结果更能够反映非线性特征.使用小波分析方法研究了畸形波的时频能量谱,发现形成畸形波的过程中存在很强的波浪非线性相互作用,使得波浪的能量向高频端转化.变水深地形可以加强波浪的非线性相互作用.使得转化到高频端的能量更多,产生畸形程度更大的畸形波.     

数值研究非平底地形对畸形波能量结构的影响

采用流体体积(VOF)方法捕捉自由表面,结合有限差分方法求解N-S(Navier-Stokes)方程、k-ε模型封闭,建立数值模型,并使用该模型模拟非平底地形条件下畸形波的生成。采用小波分析方法计算模拟结果的时频能量谱,基于计算结果分析非平底地形对畸形波能量集中程度和高频能量的影响。主要结论为:坡度小于1∶10的斜坡地形和无量纲水深变化小于0.333的曲线地形对畸形波时频能量谱的影响不显著;坡度大于1∶10的斜坡地形和无量纲水深变化大于0.333的曲线地形会显著影响畸形波的时频能量谱,随着坡度和无量纲水深变化的增加,时频能量谱中畸形波发生时刻附近,能量向高频方向移动,使得能量在高频端的分布范围增大,时频谱密度峰值减小;斜坡和曲线地形的特征变化对于畸形波能量集中度参数的影响不显著。     

畸形波生成、演化过程时频能量结构研究

基于流体体积(VOF)方法建立完全非线性波浪数值模型,控制方程采用雷诺时均方程和k-ε方程,使用该模型模拟了畸形波的生成、演化过程.在此基础上,使用小波分析法重点研究了畸形波生成、演化过程中波浪序列的时频能量结构.研究结果表明,畸形波生成前、后出现的过渡大波虽然不满足畸形波定义的所有指标,但其能量瞬时集中程度仍然很高,包含大量高频能量,内部结构和畸形波完全类似,应该引起重视.     

变水深对畸形波及其时频能量谱的影响

使用VOF (volume of fluid)方法实现了变化水深条件下畸形波的数值模拟,使用小波分析方法计算模拟结果的时频能量谱,发现变化水深可以加强波浪的非线性相互作用,使转化到高频端的能量更多,产生了不对称程度更大的畸形波.     

系泊方柱在畸形波与波群伴生波浪作用下运动响应试验研究

畸形波与波群伴生波浪作用于系泊浮体,和常规随机波浪作用比较,运动响应时频域特征均将发生显著变化。基于物理模型试验,采用小波方法计算伴生波浪和常规随机波浪作用下系泊浮体运动响应的时频域特征变化及波群因子与浮体运动响应时频域特征的定量关系。结果表明:伴生波浪作用下浮体运动响应显著大于常规随机波浪的作用结果,且波群因子G A对浮体运动响应时频域特征有显著影响;伴生波浪作用下浮体纵荡运动的广义能量谱E(t)统计特征值E max(t)、E 1/10(t)、E 1/3(t)、E average(t)均明显大于相同波谱下常规随机波浪的结果,且随着波群因子G A增大显著增大;伴生波浪作用下各运动响应能量集中度δE显著大于常规随机波浪作用结果,且能量集中时域分布范围参数ΔT E以纵荡运动分量最为显著。     

高阶谱方法建立三维畸形波聚焦模拟模型

三维波浪方向聚焦是畸形波形成机理之一.为了模拟和分析这一现象,在势流理论内基于改进的高阶谱(HOS)方法,给出了时空聚焦方式生成畸形波的三维波浪模型.利用满足周期性边界条件的具有不同频率、不同传播方向的各独立组成波,分隔了计算域内的能量;使各组成波采用等振幅能量分布的形式,聚焦模拟了实验尺度畸形波;把高阶谱方法拓展到大尺度的开敞海域,考虑波浪方向分布的影响,聚焦模拟了大尺度畸形波的发展和形成过程.     

深海畸形波振幅与增益的关系

依据深海表面波的非线性薛定谔方程,推导深海表面波的增益谱,研究在调制不稳定条件下的非线性薛定谔方程的一阶解与增益之间的关系,又结合呼吸孤子产生畸形波的现象,得到畸形波的最大振幅为初始波振幅与增益最大值的叠加。这个结果对研究畸形波的产生具有一定的参考价值。     

畸形波传播速度实验和数值模拟研究

畸形波的传播速度是其最重要的特征参数之一。研究畸形波的传播速度有助于深入和全面了解畸形波的生成机理及其演化过程,另外还可以用于畸形波的预报。针对现有关于畸形波传播速度计算方法(高阶Stokes波理论近似估算,Hilbert变换和两固定点的距离除以畸形波的波峰经过两点所用时间)的不准确性和局限性,使用32个测点描述畸形波波峰沿波浪水槽的运动轨迹,再用回归分析法估算波峰运动轨迹与时间的相关关系,从而计算出畸形波的传播速度。基于288组物理模拟畸形波和364组数值模拟畸形波传播速度的计算结果,使用回归分析方法得出了畸形波传播速度的半经验半理论计算公式,同时还分析了畸形波传播速度的强非线性特征。     

畸形波作用下四立柱张力腿平台动力响应研究

介绍了畸形波生成的方法并对各种线性合成畸形波的效率进行了对比。选用改进的随机波加瞬态波的方法模拟强非线性波———"新年波"的波形。采用微元法对张力腿平台的立柱和浮筒进行离散,编制程序对张力腿平台在强非线性波作用下的耦合动力响应进行了数值模拟,重点比较分析了张力腿平台在随机波及畸形波中所受波浪力、平台动力响应、系泊系统张力特性及浪向角对平台运动的影响。研究表明:在"新年波"作用下,0°浪向时,平台在x和z方向所受波浪力较随机波增长了约1/4,纵荡、垂荡及纵摇响应值分别增加了33%,38%和12%,张力腿张力幅值增加约20%,位于平台四角的张力腿张力有所差异,相邻两根张力腿的张力差别不大,浪向角对平台运动响应、张力腿张力的影响畸形波大于随机波的作用。为今后考虑强非线性波浪影响时张力腿平台的设计提供了借鉴和参考。     

深水波中进动共振的数值模拟研究

进动(precession)共振是一种非线性共振相互作用,2016年才有学者对这一现象进行研究。采用非静压二维自由表面流模型模拟了深水条件下重力波的进动共振现象。通过边界造波的方法产生双色波,分析了触发进动共振的初始条件;探讨了进动共振在小振幅前提条件下发生的简化初始条件。数值模拟分析两组对称测点,对不同测点的波面、能量谱进行对比分析。数值结果表明:非静压二维自由表面流模型可以模拟进动共振现象,并且可以采用双色波作为条件来研究深水五波进动共振现象,进动共振需要一定的能量转化时间,进动共振发生的条件是三波组合的进动频率等于一个系统存在的非线性频率。     

Numerical simulation and mechanism analysis of freak waves

A numerical wave model based on the modified fourth-order nonlinear Schroe dinger equation(mNLSE) in deep water was developed to simulate the formation of freak waves and a standard split-step,pseudo-spectral method was used to solve the equation.The validation of the model is firstly verified,then the simulation of freak waves was performed by changing sideband conditions,and the variation of wave energy was also analyzed in the evolution.The results indicate that Benjamin-Feir instability(sideband instability) is an important mechanism for freak wave formation.     

Efficient Generation of Freak Waves in Laboratory

In the present study,Kriebel's method is improved to generate freak waves in laboratory.The improved method superposes a random wave train with two transient wave trains to simulate freak wave events in a wave tank.The freak waves are more nonlinear than what generated with Kriebel's method of the same energy.It can also generate freak waves to satisfy all the qualifications of the adopted definition with less energy than Kriebel's and can hardly influence the significant wave height.     

Wavelet transform based coherence analysis of freak wave and its impact

The present paper presents the results of a wavelet transform-based coherence analysis of freak wave and its impact. Wavelet transform has been used as a tool in analyzing signals in the time domain as well as in the frequency domain. The analysis was applied to laboratory-generated freak waves. The wavelet transform of the time history of the freak wave and its impact force revealed that a wide range of frequency components were contained in them. The coherence analysis was conducted on the wave and its impact force time histories. The coherence analysis revealed that some high-frequency components were highly correlated with the impact forces. The present study demonstrates that the wavelet transform can be an alternative tool in the analysis of strongly nonlinear freak wave and its impact.     

Comparison of linear and nonlinear extreme wave statistics

An extremely large (“freak”) wave is a typical though rare phenomenon observed in the sea. Special theories (for example, the modulation instability theory) were developed to explain mechanics and appearance of freak waves as a result of nonlinear wave-wave interactions. In this paper, it is demonstrated that the freak wave appearance can be also explained by superposition of linear modes with the realistic spectrum. The integral probability of trough-to-crest waves is calculated by two methods: the first one is based on the results of the numerical simulation of a wave field evolution performed with one-dimensional and two-dimensional nonlinear models. The second method is based on calculation of the same probability over the ensembles of wave fields constructed as a superposition of linear waves with random phases and the spectrum similar to that used in the nonlinear simulations. It is shown that the integral probabilities for nonlinear and linear cases are of the same order of values     

Numerical Simulation of Freak Waves Based on the Four-Order Nonlinear Schrdinger Equation

A numerical wave model based on the modified four-order nonlinear Schrdinger (NLS) equation in deep water is developed to simulate freak waves. A standard split-step, pseudo-spectral method is used to solve NLS equation. The validation of the model is firstly verified, and then the simulation of freak waves is performed by changing sideband conditions. Results show that freak waves entirely consistent with the definition in the evolution of wave trains are obtained. The possible occurrence mechanism of freak waves is discussed and the relevant characteristics are also analyzed.     

Generation and Properties of Freak Waves in A Numerical Wave Tank

Freak waves are generated based on the mechanism of wave focusing in a 2D numerical wave tank. To set up the nonlinear numerical wave tank, the Boundary Element Method is used to solve potential flow equations incorporated with fully nonlinear free surface boundary conditions. The nonlinear properties of freak waves, such as high frequency components and wave profile asymmetry, are discussed. The kinematic data, which can be useful for the evaluation of the wave forces exerted on structures to avoid underestimation of linear predictions, are obtained, and discussed, from the simulated results of freak waves.