Formation of chlorite rims and the impact of pore-lining chlorite on reservoir quality: a case study from Shiqianfeng sandstones in upper Permian of Dongpu Depression,Bohai Bay Basin,eastern China

The source material, precursor and formation processes of chlorite rims, and impact of pore-lining chlorite on reservoir quality of the Shiqianfeng sandstones, Dongpu Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, China, are studied using an integrated approach, including core observation, point-count analysis of thin-sections, scanning electron microscopy, electron microprobe analysis and cathode luminescence. The petrographic analysis shows that chlorite rims consist of grain-coating chlorite, poorly crystalline pore-lining chlorite and euhedral-crystallised pore-lining chlorite. The chemical composition shows that pore-lining chlorite is mainly Fe-rich with an average of 0.785 for Fe/(Fe+Mg) ratio. Petrographic analysis shows a large amount of volcanic dust (3.0～16.0 vol%, average of 7.93 vol%) in Shiqianfeng sandstones, which determines the formation of poorly crystalline pore-lining chlorite. Transformation of volcanic dust to smectite rims started with shallow burial depth at an early diagenetic stage, followed by in situ alteration of the smectite rims to poorly crystalline chlorite rims. Euhedral-crystallised chlorite mainly develops in sandstones with high porosity, high permeability and open flow systems. Pore-lining chlorite can inhibit quartz overgrowth but cannot effectively prevent pore-filling of authigenic quartz, carbonate and kaolinite cements, and therefore cannot prevent porosity destruction. However, the occurrence of pore-lining chlorite is a barometer of good reservoir quality and intense hydrodynamic conditions.     

安塞油田长2油层成岩作用及其对储层物性的影响

安塞地区长2油层储层以中细粒长石砂岩为主，主要成岩矿物为绿泥石环边、方解石胶结物、石英和长石加大生长、伊利石、伊一蒙混层、钠长石和高岭石等。绿泥石环边的发育对原生粒间孔的保存起到有利的作用。石英加大级别达Ⅲ级，加大边含有丰富的有机包体，均一温度范围48．1～76．5℃，烃类进入储层的时间为早白垩世中期至晚白垩世。储层发育多种孔隙类型，面孔率平均为11．60％．主要类型有粒间孔、骨架颗粒溶孔和微裂缝等。残余粒间孔和骨架颗粒溶孔是本区长2储层的主要孔隙类型。根据成岩作用的矿物岩石学标志、有机质成熟度及古温度，将长2油层砂岩的成岩作用划分为3个成岩阶段：早成岩阶段、晚成岩阶段和表生成岩阶段。储层性质明显地受到沉积微相和成岩作用的影响，沉积物粒度较粗、厚度较大的分流河道储集物性明显优于各种粒度较细、厚度较薄的分流间席状砂体。     

Characteristics of Tight Sandstone Reservoirs and Controls of Reservoir Quality: A Case Study of He 8 Sandstones in the Linxing Area,Eastern Ordos Basin,China

Determining the process of densification and tectonic evolution of tight sandstone can help to understand the distribution of reservoirs and find relatively high-permeability areas. Based on integrated approaches of thin section,scanning electron microscopy(SEM), cathode luminescence(CL), nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR), X-ray diffraction(XRD), N_2 porosity and permeability, micro-resistivity imaging log(MIL) and three-dimensional seismic data analysis, this work discussed the reservoir characteristics of the member 8 of the Permian Xiashihezi Formation(He 8 sandstones) in the Linxing area of eastern Ordos Basin, determined the factors affecting reservoir quality, and revealed the formation mechanism of relatively high-permeability areas. The results show that the He 8 sandstones in the Linxing area are mainly composed of feldspathic litharenites, and are typical tight sandstones(with porosity 10% and permeability 1 mD accounting for 80.3% of the total samples). Rapid burial is the main reason for reservoir densification, which resulted in61% loss of the primary porosity. In this process, quartz protected the original porosity by resisting compaction. The cementation(including carbonate, clay mineral and siliceous cementation) further densified the sandstone reservoirs,reducing the primary porosity with an average value of 28%. The calcite formed in the eodiagenesis occupied intergranular pores and affected the formation of the secondary pores by preventing the later fluid intrusion, and the Fe-calcite formed in the mesodiagenetic stage densified the sandstones further by filling the residual intergranular pores. The clay minerals show negative effects on reservoir quality, however, the chlorite coatings protected the original porosity by preventing the overgrowth of quartz. The dissolution of feldspars provides extensive intergranular pores which constitute the main pore type, and improves the reservoir quality. The tectonic movements play an important role in improving the reservoir quality.The current tectonic traces of the study area are mainly controlled by the Himalayan movement, and the high-permeability reservoirs are mainly distributed in the anticline areas. Additionally, the improvement degree(by tectonic movements) of reservoir quality is partly controlled by the original composition of the sandstones. Thus, the selection of potential tight gas well locations in the study area should be focused on the anticline areas with relatively good original reservoir quality. And the phenomena can be referenced for other fluvial tight sandstone basins worldwide.     

文昌A凹陷珠海组低渗砂岩成岩特征与孔隙演化

基于薄片鉴定分析、扫描电镜、物性分析、X射线衍射分析、碳酸盐碳氧同位素分析等实验手段, 研究文昌A凹陷珠海组低渗砂岩储层岩石学特征和成岩作用特征, 通过定量化分析, 评价压实、胶结、溶蚀作用对储层孔隙演化的影响, 实现成岩相预测及储层分类评价.结果表明:（1）研究区珠三南断裂带以岩屑砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩为主, 中、粗砂岩含量高; 6号断裂带以长石岩屑砂岩和岩屑石英砂岩为主, 细砂岩含量高.储集空间以次生溶孔为主, 物性变化大, 纵向及平面均表现出明显的分带性.（2）机械压实造成珠海组原生粒间孔隙大量丧失; 含铁碳酸盐、自生伊利石、硅质胶结等使粒间孔进一步减少, 早期绿泥石则能抑制石英次生加大; 溶蚀作用使深部储层物性得以改善, 研究区珠海组发育两个次生溶蚀带.成岩相预测结果表明, 发育厚层粗粒级砂岩的水下分流河道是研究区的有利储集相带.（3）通过孔隙演化定量分析, 认为成岩作用对粗粒砂岩和细-中粒砂岩的孔隙度演化的影响具有差异性.      

鄂尔多斯盆地安塞油田长10优质储层特征

鄂尔多斯盆地安塞油田长10期发育以细砂岩和中砂岩为主的长石砂岩,胶结物主要有浊沸石、石英加大等硅质胶结物、绿泥石和方解石;在早成岩早期酸性地层水大量溶蚀颗粒间胶结物,压实作用强烈,在中成岩早期,湖相泥岩中生成的酸性介质溶蚀砂岩颗粒间的胶结物及长石和岩屑颗粒碎屑,形成次生溶蚀孔隙,从而形成优质储层.纵向上,在不整合面和层序界面附近,储层溶蚀作用强烈,次生孔隙发育,是优质储层发育部位,向上溶蚀作用逐渐变弱;在平面上,越靠近湖盆中心溶蚀作用越强,越远离湖盆中心溶蚀作用越弱.鄂尔多斯盆地安塞油田长10优质储层主要发育在三角洲平原高能分流河道发育带,溶蚀作用形成的浊沸石溶蚀孔隙、方解石溶蚀孔隙、长石溶蚀孔隙等次生孔隙成为优质储层形成的有利相带.     

鄂尔多斯盆地东缘C-P煤系致密砂岩储层敏感性分析

鄂尔多斯盆地临兴地区上古生界致密砂岩储集层中矿物组成多样、孔隙结构复杂且黏土矿物含量高,直接影响储层改造和开发效果。文章基于X 衍射、铸体薄片、气测孔渗、压汞和敏感性实验,系统研究了储层敏感性及其影响因素。结果表明研究区砂岩中石英和岩屑含量高,长石含量较低,以岩屑砂岩、岩屑石英砂岩、长石岩屑砂岩和石英砂岩为主。黏土矿物主要为伊利石、高岭石、绿泥石以及伊/蒙混层;储层普遍低孔低渗,孔隙结构较差。速敏以太原组最强,山西组最弱,与伊利石+绿泥石含量正相关,高岭石含量负相关。水敏下石盒子组最强,太原组最弱,与伊/蒙混层含量正相关。盐敏与水敏有类似特点,与伊/蒙混层含量表现出正相关。酸敏山西组最强,下石盒子组最弱,与绿泥石和铁白云石矿物含量正相关。碱敏性山西组最强,太原组最弱,受长石、石英和高岭石含量影响。相关认识有助于指导研究区钻井、压裂等施工工艺选择和排采控制。     

珠江口盆地白云凹陷深层储层特征与有效储层控制因素

珠江口盆地白云凹陷珠海组和恩平组是该区深层油气勘探的主要层系,查明深层储层基本特征和有效储层控制因素对于白云凹陷深层油气勘探具有重要意义. 基于岩石学和矿物学、成岩作用、孔隙特征及沉积相分析,明确了白云凹陷深层储层基本特征. 白云凹陷深层以低孔低渗和致密储层为主;压实作用是造成深层储层变差的主要原因,碳酸盐胶结和石英次生加大是主要的自生矿物;孔隙类型以粒间溶孔和粒内溶孔为主;有效储层以低孔低渗及以上储层为主,孔隙度总体保持在10%左右,渗透率变化范围大. 中粗粒沉积相带、溶蚀作用和超压是深层有效储层的主要控制因素. 中粗粒砂岩具有较好的原生孔和次生孔发育条件,渗透率较高,胶结减孔作用弱,溶蚀增孔作用强;溶蚀作用是深层关键的建设性成岩作用,溶蚀孔隙是深层主要的孔隙类型;超压传导作用有利于酸性流体活动和溶蚀物质的迁移,对形成溶蚀孔隙具有积极意义;分流河道和水下分流河道砂体是中粗粒砂岩的主要载体,应作为深层油气勘探的优选对象.      

泌阳凹陷核三下亚段砂岩成岩作用及储集性

泌阳凹陷东部核三下亚段砂岩储层由辨状河三角洲成因的长石砂岩及岩屑长石砂岩组成。主要成岩作用包括压实、石英和长石次生加大、晶粒状方解石胶结、溶解、自生绿泥石等，演化程度已达到晚成岩Ｂ亚期。成岩作用使砂岩原生孔隙体系发生强烈变化。各种成岩作用对储集性有不同影响，孔隙度的减少主要与压实及碳酸盐胶结作用有关；石英和长石次生加大及自生粘土衬边经常使喉道堵塞，对渗透率危害较大；溶解作用形成的次生孔隙及喉道对砂     

Diagenesis in the Middle Jurassic Khatatba Formation sandstones in the Shoushan Basin,northern Western Desert,Egypt

The Middle Jurassic Khatatba Formation acts as a hydrocarbon reservoir in the subsurface in the Western Desert, Egypt. This study, which is based on core samples from two exploration boreholes, describes the lithological and diagenetic characteristics of the Khatatba Formation sandstones. The sandstones are fine‐ to coarse‐grained, moderately to well‐sorted quartz arenites, deposited in fluvial channels and in a shallow‐marine setting. Diagenetic components include mechanical and chemical compaction, cementation (calcite, clay minerals, quartz overgrowths, and a minor amount of pyrite), and dissolution of calcite cements and feldspar grains. The widespread occurrence of an early calcite cement suggests that the Khatatba sandstones lost a significant amount of primary porosity at an early stage of its diagenetic history. In addition to calcite, several different cements including kaolinite and syntaxial quartz overgrowth occur as pore‐filling and pore‐lining cements. Kaolinite (largely vermicular) fills pore spaces and causes reduction in the permeability of the reservoir. Based on framework grain–cement relationships, precipitation of the early calcite cement was either accompanied by or followed the development of part of the pore‐lining and pore‐filling cements. Secondary porosity development occurred due to partial to complete dissolution of early calcite cements and feldspar. Late kaolinite clay cement occurs due to dissolved feldspar and has an impact on the reservoir quality of the Khatatba sandstones. Open hydraulic fractures also generated significant secondary porosity in sandstone reservoirs, where both fractures and dissolution took place in multiple phases during late diagenetic stages. The diagenesis and sedimentary facies help control the reservoir quality of the Khatatba sandstones. Fluvial channel sandstones have the highest porosities and permeabilities, in part because of calcite cementation, which inhibited authigenic clays or was later dissolved, creating intergranular secondary porosity. Fluvial crevasse‐splay and marine sandstones have the lowest reservoir quality because of an abundance of depositional kaolinite matrix and pervasive, shallow‐burial calcite and quartz overgrowth cements, respectively. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

自生绿泥石对储集层质量影响的定量评价:以北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷涠洲组三段为例*

为了定量研究自生绿泥石对储集层质量的影响,在限定控储因素前提下,通过常规岩心分析、扫描电镜、薄片鉴定、激光粒度分析和黏土矿物X衍射等资料,以北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷涠洲12-X油田古近系涠洲组三段碎屑岩储集层为例,探讨了自生绿泥石对石英次生加大、孔隙结构及储集层物性的影响,并提出了综合得分评价法,定量评价自生绿泥石对储集层物性的控制作用。研究结果表明,当溶蚀作用积极意义大于绿泥石沉淀的消极影响时,石英加大和方解石含量较高(7.3%)及自生绿泥石相对含量较低(20%~30%)的细砂“控孔喉”作用,等同于石英加大和方解石含量较低(2.4%)及自生绿泥石含量较高(30%~40%)的细砂,二者的“控孔喉”作用具有互补性。自生绿泥石的“控孔、控渗”作用与碎屑颗粒粒度、分选、胶结物及泥质含量等因素的“控孔、控渗”作用相互制约,存在互补性和差异性,绿泥石相对含量较低的中砂“控孔、控渗”作用等同于绿泥石相对含量较高的细砂(互补性);泥质含量较低的细砂岩中绿泥石“控孔、控渗”作用弱于泥质含量较高的细砂岩(差异性)。总之,在岩相一定的情况下,包膜或衬里状绿泥石与孔渗呈正相关关系,孔隙充填状绿泥石与孔渗呈负相关关系。     

Diagenesis and reservoir quality analysis in the Lower Cretaceous Qishn sandstones from Masila oilfields in the Sayun–Masila Basin,eastern Yemen

Lower Cretaceous sandstones of the Qishn Formation have been studied by integrating sedimentological, petrological and petrophysical analyses from wells in the Masila oilfields of eastern Yemen. These analyses were used to define the origin, type of diagenesis and its relation to reservoir quality. The sandstones of the Qishn Formation are predominately quartz arenite to subarkose arenite with sublitharenite and quartz wackes displaying a range of porosities, averaging 22.33%. Permeability is likewise variable with an average of 2844.2 mD. Cementation coupled with compaction had an important effect on porosity destruction after sedimentation and burial. The widespread occurrence of early calcite cement suggests that the sandstones of the Qishn Formation lost significant primary porosity at an early stage of its diagenetic history. In addition to poikilotopic calcite, several different cements including kaolinite, illite, chlorite and minor illite–smectite occur as pore‐filling and pore‐lining cements, which were either accompanied by or followed the development of the early calcite cement. Secondary porosity development occurred due to partial to complete dissolution of early calcite cements and feldspar grains. The new data presented in this paper suggest the reservoir quality of Qishn sandstones is strongly linked to their diagenetic history; hence, the reservoir quality is reduced by clay minerals, calcite and silica cements but is enhanced by the dissolution of the unstable grains, in addition to partial or complete dissolution of calcite cements and unstable grains. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

低渗油藏中相对高渗储层特征及其主控因素——以鄂尔多斯盆地志丹地区上三叠统延长组长10_1为例

相对高渗储层研究是低渗油田勘探开发的方向标。以2007年鄂尔多斯盆地志丹地区新发现的延长组长101含油层系为研究对象,通过岩心观察,结合室内铸体薄片、物性资料、X衍射、扫描电镜、压汞资料等的综合分析,对相对高渗储层特征及其控制因素进行研究。结果表明,研究区长101相对高渗储层以中粗粒—中粒含浊沸石长石砂岩为主,砂岩成分成熟度相对较高;胶结物主要以绿泥石膜和浊沸石为主;成岩作用主要表现为次生溶蚀作用;孔隙以浊沸石溶蚀孔、长石溶蚀孔和残余粒间孔为主。控制研究区相对高渗储层的因素主要有3个方面:三角洲平原亚相分流河道微相控制储层的分布及储层原始物质的组成,绿泥石膜的存在使原生粒间孔隙得以保存和次生溶蚀作用中浊沸石、长石溶孔优化了储层的储集性能。     

陕甘宁盆地庆阳地区长8油层砂岩成岩作用及其对储层性质的影响

庆阳地区长8油层为湖泊三角洲前缘沉积。水下分流河道和河口砂坝组成的指状砂坝控制了水下三角洲沉积格局。砂岩主要由细砂和少量中砂组成,砂岩类型主要为细粒岩屑长石砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩。主要成岩矿物为绿泥石环边、方解石胶结物、石英和长石加大生长、伊利石、伊-蒙混层、钠长石和高岭石等。绿泥石环边的发育对原生粒间孔的保存起到有利的作用,对石英和长石加大起到抑制作用。烃类注入时储层埋深已较大,不利于孔隙保存。储层发育粒间孔隙、粒内溶孔、铸模孔隙、特大孔隙、裂缝孔隙和微孔隙等多种孔隙类型,其中以粒间孔隙最为发育。局部发育的特大孔隙和伸长状孔隙表明该区发生了一定规模的次生溶蚀作用。长8油层主要受埋藏作用的影响,成岩演化处于晚成岩A期。主要成岩相类型为绿泥石环边胶结成岩相、压实充填成岩相、压实压溶成岩相和碳酸盐胶结成岩相,不同成岩相类型决定了油气储层性质不同,绿泥石环边胶结成岩相构成了本区最好的储层类型。     

鄂尔多斯盆地镇泾区块延长组长81储层成岩作用特征及其对储集物性的影响

鄂尔多斯盆地镇泾区块上三叠统延长组长81储层具有成分成熟度低,结构成熟度中等到好的特点,岩性以岩屑长石砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩为主.长81砂岩属于特低孔特低渗储层,以次生溶蚀粒间孔为主要储集空间.目前储层正处于中成岩阶段A期,主要发育压实、胶结、溶解和交代4种成岩作用类型.机械压实作用是造成长81储层埋深小于2000 m砂岩...     

塔里木盆地巴楚—麦盖提地区泥盆系储层特征及影响因素

通过钻井岩芯、岩石薄片及铸体薄片观察,结合压汞分析等手段,分析了塔里木盆地巴楚—麦盖提地区泥盆系储层岩石学特征及物性演化特征。研究结果表明:泥盆系储层岩性以石英砂岩、岩屑石英砂岩为主。泥盆系东河塘组沉积环境为滨岸沉积,前滨滩砂物性最好,原生孔隙发育,属于特低孔特低渗储层;克孜尔塔格组为三角洲--潮坪沉积,以水上分流河道砂体物性最好,次生孔隙发育,属于特低孔特低渗--低孔低渗储层。储层砂体中压实作用、硅质胶结作用十分普遍,硅质胶结多以加大边形式存在;碳酸盐胶结在储层中相对发育,充填于岩石孔隙或交代其他碎屑颗粒,降低储层孔隙度与渗透率,表现为破坏性成岩作用;溶解作用对储层影响较大,有助于提高储层物性,表现为建设性成岩作用。     

鄂尔多斯盆地镇泾区块延长组长8油层组砂岩储层特征

延长组长8 油层组是鄂尔多斯盆地镇泾区块的主力油层之一,岩性以岩屑长石砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩为主,为典型的 特低孔特低渗储层。储集空间以次生溶蚀粒间孔为主,喉道以缩颈型、片状和弯片状为主,孔喉结构发育3 种类型,以II 型为主。长8 砂岩储层特征主要受沉积作用、成岩作用、裂缝发育程度和油气充注4 个因素控制。最有利于储层发育的沉积 微相为水下分流河道,且中砂岩的储集物性好于细砂岩,富含石英、长石和变质岩岩屑的砂岩的储集物性好于火成岩岩屑、 沉积岩岩屑和云母含量高的砂岩。成岩作用对储集物性的影响具有双重性,建设性成岩作用包括溶解和孔隙衬里绿泥石胶 结作用2 种,两者均很发育的层段是油气储集的最有利地带;破坏性成岩作用主要包括机械压实作用和晚期亮晶方解石胶 结作用。裂缝以白垩纪末- 古近纪的构造裂缝为主,其使长8 储层渗透率急剧增大,储层非均值性增强。油气充注对储集 物性的影响主要表现为促进溶解作用的发生以及次生孔隙的形成和保存。     

Petrophysical characterisation of tight sandstone gas reservoirs using nuclear magnetic resonance: a case study of the upper Paleozoic strata in the Kangning area,eastern margin of the Ordos Basin,China

Residual and movable porosity are significant parameters for characterising petrophysical properties, especially in tight reservoirs. Eight tight sandstone samples from the upper Paleozoic gas-bearing strata in the Kangning area, from the eastern margin of the Ordos Basin, were analysed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), petrography, and porosity and permeability tests. The lithology and pore types were identified and classified using petrography and SEM. The residual and movable porosity were obtained with NMR. In addition, NMR was used to visualise pore structure and pore size distribution. The results suggest that the upper Paleozoic sandstones in the study area mainly comprise feldspathic litharenite and litharenite. The sandstone porosity and permeability are low, with means of 5.9% and 0.549 mD, respectively. Four pore types exist in the tight sandstones: residual primary pores, grain dissolution pores, micropores (clay-dominated) and microfractures. The T₂ spectra under water-saturated conditions correlate with pore size and can be used to distinguish small and large pores based on the transverse relaxation time cutoff value of 10 ms, which corresponds to a pore diameter of 0.232 μm. Small pores account for 72% of the pores in the tight sandstones. The continuous bimodal T₂ spectra suggest good connectivity between small and large pores, despite the low porosity and permeability. In this study, the movable porosity of the major tight sandstone gas reservoirs is higher than the residual porosity, which confirms the effective evaluation of movable porosity to tight sandstone reservoirs, based on NMR experiments.     

鄂尔多斯盆地南部延长组重力流致密储层成岩作用及物性演化

成岩作用及物性演化的研究对致密砂岩储层和致密油开发具有重要意义.综合利用岩石铸体薄片鉴定、扫描电镜、X衍射分析、流体包裹体分析等测试手段,对研究区致密储层进行详细研究.研究表明:深水重力流砂体粒度细,孔喉组合以细孔-微喉型为主,物性差,是一套典型的特低渗透储层;目前正处于中成岩B期,其成岩演化序列为:机械压实作用/方解石胶结→凝灰物质水解蚀变/云母水化/伊利石胶结/绿泥石胶结/石英溶蚀→早期长石溶蚀/石英加大/碳酸盐灰泥重结晶/早期碳酸盐胶结物溶蚀→晚期长石溶蚀→铁方解石胶结,成岩环境主要经历了碱性→酸性→弱碱性的转换过程;距今约99~118 Ma的早白垩世,研究区储层发生了连续的2期油气充注;储层物性演化史表明早成岩期储层的成岩作用对储层物性影响大,使储层已经致密化,研究区具有先致密后成藏的特性.      

Controlling factors for dawsonite diagenesis: a case study of the Binnan Region in Dongying Sag,Bohai Bay Basin,China

Authigenic minerals and the diagenetic sequence of the dawsonite-bearing sandstones from the Binnan Region of the Dongying Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, China were studied to understand the formation of dawsonite, as a possible mechanism for mineral trapping of CO₂ in carbon capture and storage (CCS) programmes. Authigenic minerals include quartz overgrowth, dawsonite (5–15 vol%), calcite, ferrocalcite and ankerite. The major rock types are medium- to fine-grained arkose, feldspathic litharenite and lithic arkose. Quantitative analysis suggests that the burial depth and feldspar content are the two dominant controlling factors of the growth of dawsonite. The dawsonite content increases initially before decreasing with burial depth, with the peak dawsonite content occurring at approximately 1500 m depth. This trend is probably due to increases in temperature and pCO₂ with the burial depth and contributes to the formation of dawsonite. However, the pCO₂ content and stability of dawsonite decrease with increasing distance from the centre of the gas reservoir. When the formation temperature exceeds the upper limit of the preservation temperature of dawsonite, the dawsonite is suppressed, while the dissolution of dawsonite is promoted. Overall, the dawsonite content exhibits a positive correlation with the feldspar content. The dissolution of feldspar makes both Na⁺ and Al³⁺ available and creates the accommodation space necessary for dawsonite growth. In addition, feldspar dissolution also neutralises the acidity of the thermal fluid present, which again facilitates the growth and preservation of the dawsonite.     

碎屑岩储集层中绿泥石包膜的研究现状*

绿泥石包膜在国内外碎屑岩储集层中常有发现,其对石英次生加大的抑制及对储集层物性的影响一直是国内外学者的研究热点。本文回顾了绿泥石包膜的研究历史,总结了其研究成果,包括微观赋存状态、形成时间和机理、控制因素、对石英次生加大的抑制和对储集层物性的影响等。结果表明:(1)储集层中绿泥石包膜主要偏富铁,具连续生长的双层结构,符合“Ostwald”熟化过程,始于早期富铁黏土包膜,早成岩期转化为平行或斜切颗粒表面的内层包膜,逐渐向外生长为垂直颗粒表面的孔隙衬里绿泥石,并可在埋藏成岩过程持续生长;(2)富含铁镁矿物的火山物质(火山岩岩屑和火山灰)及暗色矿物(黑云母和角闪石等)是形成绿泥石包膜的主要物质来源,并主要富集在三角洲入海(湖)的高能水动力相带,如三角洲前缘水下分流河道及河口坝等沉积微相中,烃类充注影响孔隙衬里绿泥石的生长形态;(3)中低温环境绿泥石包膜明显抑制石英次生加大的生长,高温环境抑制效果减弱;(4)绿泥石包膜的发育有利于粒间孔隙的保护,但易降低孔隙喉道的连通性。最后指出了绿泥石包膜在目前研究中存在的问题和今后的研究趋势。