岭澳核电站地震监测系统

介绍岭澳核电站地震监测系统,该系统可实时监测地震加速度随时间的变化过程,自动进行地震检测、事件的识别、数据采集与存储.当检测到地震事件后,立即向主控室发送报警信号,计算加速度响应谱等.     

地震加速度监测中事件检测策略比较研究

地震加速度监测中,实时、准确的事件检测具有重要意义.事件检测的常用方法是STA/LTA算法,使用地震加速度原始数据.考虑将地震加速度原始数据进行带通滤波和加速度速度数据转换,再使用STA/LTA算法.研究表明,带通滤波和速度数据都能优化事件检测的效果;二阶同四阶带通滤波效果差别不大;同时使用二阶带通滤波和速度数据的策略检测效果最好.     

澜沧-耿马Ms7.6级地震前兆综合加权信息量的变化

在地震综合信息量的基础上,改进了地震前兆异常的出现概率的计算方法,得到地震前兆综合加权信息量.利用"地震预报专家系统"的思想对每一异常事件进行综合评估.考虑到异常的可靠性、有效性、显著性及相互关联性,给予不同的权重,以每一异常事件的最可能发震时间来估算异常出现的概率,计算了澜沧-耿马地震的地震前兆综合加权信息量,并对这种信息量变化的特点进行了分析.     

利用双差层析成像方法研究辽宁海城-岫岩地区的精细速度结构

利用区域尺度的双差层析成像方法对2008-10～2020-04辽宁海城-岫岩地区地震事件进行震源位置和速度结构的联合反演.对剔除离散走时后的5028个地震事件进行重新定位,得到的震相走时均方根残差平均值由定位前的0.507 s降为0.279 s.重新定位后的结果显示:1)大部分地震发生于地下5～15 km,海城-岫岩地...     

基于深度学习的地震与爆破事件自动识别研究

针对天然地震事件、爆破事件分类问题,使用甘肃及周边地区80个天然地震事件和20个爆破事件建立数据集,采取深度学习卷积神经网络(convolutional neural network,CNN)方法搭建两个不同结构的模型进行训练,并用500条训练集之外的天然地震事件与爆破事件波形作为测试数据集,其训练和测试准确率均达到9...     

MapGIS二次开发在绘制地震震中分布图中的应用

MapGIS制图功能强大,但在绘制地震构造图过程中添加地震震中位置点时却极为繁琐.为此提出一种把记录地震信息的文本文件转换成MapGIS明码文件再生成图形文件,并通过属性连接达到动态标注的方法.按上述方法,以Microsoft VC 6.0为工具,二次开发MapGIS,实现了快速准确绘制地震震中分布图.     

基于地震信号反演滑坡动力学机制

以2003年千将坪滑坡事件为例，基于地震信号分析大型高速滑坡启动之后的滑体运动特性。通过国家地震台网采集因滑坡激发产生的地震信号，反演得到滑坡区域的受力-时间函数，再经由时频分析划分滑坡期间的子事件，进而推导滑体的运动参数并还原滑坡过程。结果显示，由地震信号反演所求得的滑床坡度、滑坡方向以及滑体位移等数值与现场勘踏所得数据相符；同时，通过对滑坡子事件的分析，可分辨出因对岸河堤阻挡而产生的部分滑体反倾过程，从而还原较完整的滑坡过程。     

常德1631年大震事件的多场点群发式构造模型

根据对常德1631年地震事件的史料鉴别,尤其是江陵为典型七度震害这一事实,运用震声传播方向和地光物理场以及地震烈度衰减关系,拟合推断此地震事件的序列主要由安乡北6 3/4级地震、常德北太阳山7级地震、澧县6级地震、大庸6级地震和澧县—安乡6 1/2级地震组成,相应的地震地质背景是江汉—洞庭地区晚更新世以来的剩余形变呈四象限分布。若考虑地震-构造相关分布为“Z”字型,则该地震事件的主控构造——太阳山断裂带东断裂具左旋走滑的力学机制。根据区域地震—构造相关发展过程,常德大震事件可视为1668年郯城8 1/2级地震的前震序列组成部分。     

基于波形互相关的爆破震相识别研究

利用内蒙古测震台网地震事件资料,选取爆破事件中SNR较高的8个爆破事件波形作为模板,使用基于波形互相关系数的模板匹配方法进行震相识别。研究结果表明,在震级相近的情况下,相同类型地震事件各自对应的波形之间互相关系数较大,可作为地震类型判别的依据。     

强震事件的在线预测技术——伽师-巴楚6.8级强震发生的后思考

20 0 3年 2月 2 4日新疆伽师--巴楚 6 .8级破坏性地震的发生 ,再次说明精细预测强震事件的重要性。本文以此次地震为例 ,提出一种预测地震事件的三要素新技术 ,即跟踪地震自激励演变信息预测震级大小、跟踪卫星遥感地表射出长波辐射 OL R信息预测地震危险区域、跟踪自然触发力因素信息预测临震时间。作者认为这种分要素、依序完成在线精细预测的方法是可行的。     

Dynamics of communal land degradation and its implications in the arid mountains of pakistan: A study of District Karak,Khyber Pakhtunkuwa

Similar to other areas of Pakistan, land resources in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa （KP） is kept under various ownership regimes for socio-economic and ecological benefits. For the last three to four decades, communal lands and resources are subjected to high rate of degradation and deterioration, which is leading to multifarious socio-economical and ecological implications. This paper intends to look into factors that are responsible for the degradation of communal land and the adaptability of the management mechanisms developed by the local inhabitants to conserve these resources. Moreover, this study also explores the sustainability of these adopted strategies in present circumstances. Data regarding socio-economic parameters of the inhabitants and their interactions with communal lands were collected through questionnaire cum interview method. As long-term climatic data for the area do not exist therefore focus group discussions were conducted to document the changing trend in rainfall regimes and temperature variations for the last about four decades. Results indicate that communal lands are highly vulnerable to degradation due to biophysical and anthropogenic factors. Local inhabitants have developed suitable measures to control the situation, however, accelerated socio-economic transformations in the area have weakened the role of local institutions and that led to further degradation of these resources. Nevertheless, a number of locally formulated rules have been revived and implemented and it is hoped that these threatened resources would be conserved.     

Spatial contrast in phytoplankton,bacteria and microzooplankton grazing between the eutrophic Yellow Sea and the oligotrophic South China Sea

Three cruises were conducted to investigate the distributions of nutrients,chlorophyll a(Chla),new and regenerated primary production,bacterial abundance and production,and microzooplankton grazing rates in the Yellow Sea(YS)and the South China Sea(SCS)during March and May.As the water column moved from low to high temperature,weak to strong stratification and high to low nutrients from the YS to the SCS,Chl-a,primary production and bacterial biomass decreased.In contrast,bacterial production,microzooplankton grazing and size preference increased from the YS to the SCS.The increasing grazing activity and decreasing f-ratio from the YS to the SCS suggest roles of regenerated nutrients in the supporting the community increased and more bacteria played important roles in the carbon flow in the oligotrophic SCS than in the eutrophic YS.These variabilities force the classical food chain dominated community in the eutrophic waters into the microbial loop,which is dominant in oligotrophic waters.As nutrients decrease,temperature and grazing activity increase from the YS to the SCS.The increasing ratio of integrated bacterial production to integrated primary production indicates that communities change from autotrophy to heterotrophy and waters change from a carbon sink to a carbon source.     

THE STRATEGIES OF INTEGRATING SPATIAL DATA ANALYSIS AND GIS

The gap between SDA(Spatial Data Analysis) and GIS (Geographical Information Systems)existed for a long time.Presently this problem still remains in spite of a lot of theoretical and practical studies which try to find the solu-tion for it.The research background and current situation about how to integrate SDA and GIS are introduced at first.The main idea of this article is to make sure what is the best scheme to bridge the gap between SDA and GIS and how to design it.There are a lot of factors to influence the standards to assess such a scheme,for instance,the attitude of users and GIS developers,the framework and related functions of current available GIS software in the market and so on.But the two most important ones of them are efficiency and flexibility of the scheme itself.Efficiency can be measured by the conve-nient extent and temporal length when it is used for carrying out SDA.Flexibility means users can define their own SDA methods.The best integration scheme should satisfy the two standards at the same time.A group of functions,which can be combined to implement any SDA method,are defined in order to design such an integration scheme.The functions are divided into five classes according to their properties.     

中国耕地变化区的气候背景对比分析

研究我国耕地变化区的气候背景,对于了解耕地资源的生产能力,评价耕地占补平衡政策的实施效果,实现耕地资源保护和粮食安全等具有重要意义。本文在分析全国耕地空间变化的基础上,从年平均气温、年降水量和日照时数三个方面,研究耕地增加区和减少区的气候背景,并将其进行比较和分析,以期为国家保护耕地资源和发展农业生产等提供建议。研究结果表明,20世纪80年代末至2008年4个时段,耕地减少区比耕地增加区的年平均气温高0.45~1.05℃,年降水量高56.77~79.59mm,年日照时数少45.80~98.83h。耕地显著减少区比耕地显著增加区的年平均气温高0.81~1.85℃,年降水量高85.69~305.26mm,年日照时数少86.96~207.85h。在四个时段中,我国耕地重心逐渐北移且海拔升高。若海拔高度不变,耕地增加区比耕地减少区北移0.5-1个纬度,耕地显著增加区比耕地显著减少区北移1-2个纬度;若纬度不变,耕地增加区比耕地减少区,海拔升高100~200m,耕地显著增加区比耕地显著减少区,海拔升高150~350m。随年份增加,耕地增加区和显著增加区与耕地减少区和显著减少区在水分条件上的差别越来越大。这些结论对于研究我国粮食生产能力、评价耕地占补平衡、调整产业布局等具有重要意义。     

综合地层学在山东省中生代地层研究中的应用

本文利用综合地层学理论,在研究过程中选用了多门类生物地层学、同位素年龄地层学和火山地层学、生态地层学和岩石地层学及沉积地层学、地震地层学和测井地层学等手段,对鲁北区、鲁西南区、鲁中区和鲁东区中生代地层进行了划分和对比,即把沂沭断裂带以西的坊子组归为中、下侏罗统,三台组归为中侏罗统,分水岭组归为上侏罗统至下白垩统,西洼组归为下白垩统,“王氏组”归为上白垩统;把沂沭断裂带以东的莱阳组主要归为下白垩统中、下部,青山组归为下白垩统上部,王氏组归为上白垩统。     

Modeling visitor use on high elevation mountain trails: An example from Longs Peak in Rocky Mountain National Park,USA

Increasing use on mountain summits has both social and ecological implications. High numbers of visitors climbing mountain summits can be a safety issue, particularly in areas where terrain or elevation leads to queueing that may cause time delays.Estimating visitor use levels at site specific locations en route to summits is needed to understand the potential benefits and impacts of visitor use in these locations. However, it can be difficult to obtain reliable and robust data to estimate use and develop statistical relationships because of the remote and harsh climates on mountain summits, as well as the financial and personnel requirements involved to collect the data in remote locations. In 2015, data were collected on the higher stretches of the Keyhole Route on Longs Peak in Rocky Mountain National Park, USA(RMNP) to better understand use levels near the summit and to explore potential statistical relationships to trailhead use data that are relatively easy to collect. Strong statistical relationships from robust regression analyses were found between trailhead use counts and daily and hourly use totals on the "Homestretch" which is a final section of the Keyhole Route. Additionally, a strong statistical relationship was found between total daily use and maximum hourly use on the Homestretch. The results suggest that trailhead counts are an accurate and reliable means from which to estimate use levels on upper portions of the Keyhole route. Moreover, this research demonstrates the usefulness of an approach using proxy variables to estimate visitor use along remote peaks where data collection can be difficult.These types of data can elucidate various options and decisions for park management teams who are charged with deciding if and how to manage high use areas.     

地理信息产权在地理信息共享中的地位

地理信息资源共享是随着人类文明的诞生而出现的,自古以来人们都在共享他人的信息.目前,地理信息共享主要指在信息技术与网络技术条件下地理信息的共享,它是一个复杂的交流工程,要解决技术、标准和管理等一系列的共享环境问题.地理信息共享涉及国家的经济、政治与军事等诸多领域.共享的根本目的是为最大程度地利用资源,其利用的基本途径有...     

中国网络信息流的空间结构模式分析

信息流在社会空间结构研究,尤其是在城市空间结构研究中占据越来越重要的地位,本文以CERNET的数据为基础,分析了信息流的等级结构和流动模式,揭示了我国互联网网络结构的空间特征,并对其未来的发展变化提出了初步的设想以及对未来研究方向和方法的一些建议。     

Logging data representation based on XML

As an open standard of data representation,XML breathes new energy to the Web application and the network computing.The development,advantage and status of XML and some standards relating to XML are reviewed.In addition,the authors put forward a method representing logging data and using UML language to establish the conceptual and logical model of logging data;using a logging data,explain how to establish the model as well as how to use XML to display and process geology data.     

Ontogenetic development in the morphology and behavior of loach （Misgurnus anguillicaudatus） during early life stages

Loach （Misgurnus anguillicaudatus） is a commercially important fish in China and an ideal aquaculture species. However, culturists experience high larval and juvenile mortality during mass production. To provide insight into ways to improve larviculture techniques, we describe the morphological characteristics and behavior of loach during the larval and early juvenile stages. Yolksae larvae ranged from 2.8 to 4.0 mm body length （BL） between days 0 to 4; preflexion larvae ranged from 3.6 to 5.5 mm BL between days 4 to 6; flexion larvae ranged from 4.8 to 8.1 mm BL between days 5 and 14; and post-flexion larvae ranged from 7. l to 15.7 mm BL between days 11 to 27; the minimum length and age of juveniles was 14.1 mm BL and 23 d, respectively. Loach are demersal from hatch through to the early juvenile stages. A suite of morphological characteristics （e.g., external gill filament and ventral mouth opening） and behavioral traits have developed to adapt to demersal living. We observed positive allometric growth in eye diameter, head length, head height, and pectoral fin length during the early larval stages, reflecting the priorities in the development of the organs essential for survival. Our results provide a basis for developing techniques to improve the survival of larval and juvenile loach during mass production.