水稻旱育稀植纹枯病防治初探

１９９３－１９９４年，从栽培、植保、气象学的基本原理出发，试对水稻旱育稀植栽培和常规栽培法进行了稻田田间小气候、水稻纹枯病发生及其防治策略的系统试验比较。结果表明，水稻旱育稀植田间温度升高、温度降低，行间透光率提高，致使纹枯病发生期推迟，发病程度减轻，能减少一次用药，降低农本，增加产量。     

贵州省水稻实时农业气候综合评价方法研究

利用1979～1991年贵州水稻气象与物候观测等资料和数理统计分析方法，研究了水稻实时农业气候综合评价方法。应用该方法对贵州省水稻产量年景进行了验证，结果表明该方法对水稻生产具有较高的实用价值。     

利用气象卫星遥感信息估算水稻种植面积方法的研究

本文主要介绍利用气象卫星AVHRR遥感信息，对其进行大气校正和几何精校正，取植被指数和近红外反照率为识别指标，利用分段因子方法解译混合像元，对长春地区的水稻种植面积进行了估算。结果表明，只要掌握好最佳识别时相，对气象卫星信息定位准确，利用气象卫星遥感信息估算水田面积是完全可行的。     

玉米、水稻适宜施肥气象条件及其预报方法的研究

在作物品种、地段以及耕作方法、栽培技术均相同的情况下，对不同施肥气象条件下作物干物质的积累进行分析，总结出各作物适宜施肥气象条件。并通过分级组合法建立了预报方程，通过回报及试报检验，效果较好，具有一定的实用价值。     

水稻遥感估产的一种方法

该文利用NOAA/AVHRR空间覆盖度宽、资料获取时次多的特点，寻求预测北方一季稻产区水稻产量的最佳时期，利用植被指数建立水稻单产的预报模式，遥感估算水稻种植面积。研究表明，利用卫星遥感手段对水稻进行估产的精度高于常规农业气象模式，又可提高预报时效。     

二氧化碳施肥与水稻生产

对生长在温室中的蔬菜进行CO_2施肥,取得了显著的增产效果。据吉田等人在非律宾国际水稻研究所的试验研究,对水稻进行CO_2施肥的增产效果也很明显。下面做一简要介绍: 一、二氧化碳对光合作用、生长和产量的影响二氧化碳对水稻叶面光合作用的影响取决于光照和温度。     

洋县水稻气候资源统计分析

通过统计分析获得水稻生育期中受气候波动影响的信息，确定水稻生育期间对光、热、水资源需求的关键期，并根据农业气候资源和水稻生物学特性设计水稻计划栽培方案。     

2005年四川省水稻稻瘟病发生条件分析

稻瘟病是四川省水稻生产上的一种重要流行性、灾害性病害，稻瘟病的爆发流行严重威胁着水稻产量的提高。本文针对导致2005年四川省稻瘟病的发生流行的菌源、品种抗性、气象条件进行分析，为农业气象服务对稻瘟病发生条件分析提供思路。     

水稻生育期气候指标分析

对黑龙江省近十年水稻农业气象观测资料的分析，得出水稻生育期的分布及变化，发现水稻生育关键为出苗期分蘖期和抽穗期。各生育关键期气象影响指标共１７个。为气象对农业的影响评价，为水稻产量预报提供了依据。     

水稻病虫害预测系统的研究

以锦平、三都为代表，依据这两县的农作物病虫观察档案表册（年代为1982－1988年）建立了两类数据库，病虫数据库和气象背景数据库，通过对大量数据的分析处理找到稻飞虱的发生规律，提取出如主迁入期，虫发生量，发生程度等信息，采用灰色预测，均生函数，调和取重，多元回归等预测模型获得预测结果，为病虫害的防治提供科学依据。     

辽宁水稻主产区稻瘟病发生特征分析

利用1999-2012年辽宁省8个水稻主产区（17个观测点）的稻瘟病资料,分析辽宁省水稻主产区稻瘟病的发生特征及发展趋势。结果表明：2001年、2003年和2010年辽宁地区水稻产量显著下降,水稻生产受稻瘟病影响较大。2011年辽宁水稻种植主要集中在沈阳、盘锦、铁岭、辽阳、丹东和营口地区,其余地区也有少量种植。2001年辽宁稻瘟病（主要为穗颈瘟）发生严重,发病率为27.7 %。稻瘟病主要在新宾和清原发生严重,平均发病率分别为17.0 %和16.4 %。辽宁不同熟期水稻以中早熟品种稻瘟病发生严重,平均发病率为10.1 %。辽宁不同区域以辽东地区水稻稻瘟病发生严重,平均发病率为11.2 %。     

Assessing the impacts of climate change on rice yields in the main rice areas of China

This paper assesses the impact of climate change on irrigated rice yield using B2 climate change scenario from the Regional Climate Model (RCM) and CERES-rice model during 2071--2090. Eight typical rice stations ranging in latitude, longitude, and elevation that are located in the main rice ecological zones of China are selected for impact assessment. First, Crop Estimation through Resource and Environment Synthesis (CERES)-rice model is validated using farm experiment data in selected stations. The simulated results represent satisfactorily the trend of flowering duration and yields. The deviation of simulation within ± 10% of observed flowering duration and ± 15% of observed yield. Second, the errors of the outputs of RCM due to the difference of topography between station point and grid point is corrected. The corrected output of the RCM used for simulating rice flowering duration and yield is more reliable than the not corrected. Without CO₂ direct effect on crop, the results from the assessment explore that B2 climate change scenario would have a negative impact on rice yield at most rice stations and have little impacts at Fuzhou and Kunming. To find the change of inter-annual rice yield, a preliminary assessment is made based on comparative cumulative probability at low and high yield and the coefficient variable of yield between the B2 scenario and baseline. Without the CO₂ direct effect on rice yield, the result indicates that frequency for low yield would increase and it reverses for high yield, and the variance for rice yield would increase. It is concluded that high frequency at low yield and high variances of rice yield could pose a threat to rice yield at most selected stations in the main rice areas of China. With the CO₂ direct effect on rice yield, rice yield increase in all selected stations.     

Methane emission from rice paddies

Methane release rates from rice paddies have been measured in Andalusia, Spain, during almost a complete vegetation period in 1982 using the static box system. The release rates ranged between 2 and 14 mg/m²/h and exhibited a strong seasonal variation with low values during the tillering stage and shortly before harvest, while maximum values were observed at the end of the flowering stage. The CH₄ release rate, averaged over the complete vegetation period, accounted for 4 mg/m²/h which results in a worldwide CH₄ emission from rice paddies of 35–59×10¹² g/yr if we assume that the observed CH₄ release rates are representative of global conditions. The CH₄ release rates showed diurnal variations with higher values late in the afternoon which were most likely caused by temperature variations within the upper layers of the paddy soils. Approximately 95% of the CH₄ emitted into the atmosphere by rice paddies was due to transport through the rice plants. Transport by bubbles or diffusion through the paddy water was of minor importance. Incubation experiments showed that CH₄ was neither produced nor consumed in the paddy water. The relase of CH₄ from rice paddies caused a diurnal variation of CH₄ in ambient air within the rice-growing area with maximum values of up to 2.3 ppmv during the early morning, compared to average daytime values of 1.75 ppmv.     

独山县水稻种植的气象条件分析

根据独山水稻的生长特征和对气象条件的要求,利用1951—2009年独山气象观测资料,分析独山的气候特征,得出独山水稻推广种植的结论。     

气候因素对稻米品质影响的研究进展

综合分析了气象因素对稻米的碾米品质、外观品质、蒸煮品质和营养品质影响研究的主要结论,简要分析了不同结论产生的原因.     

方正县水稻区域分布浅析

1引言方正县位于黑龙江省南部,是全国寒地水稻旱育稀植技术的发祥地。总耕地面积120万亩,水稻100万亩。属于山区、半山区,地形复杂,尤其是小气候差异很大。本文针对黑龙江省方正县气候特点,水稻种植技术及产量分布情况,经过对原始资料和本县气候概况的分析整理,建立了水稻种植分布区域图。     

江苏水稻高温热害的发生规律与特征

用江苏1961—2007年47 a气象资料、农业气象观测站水稻观测资料,研究分析了江苏单季稻拔节期和孕穗扬花期2个高温敏感期,高温热害发生空间分布、时间变化。结果表明:常发生高温热害的地区主要分布在淮河以南地区,尤以宁镇扬丘陵地区为重,该地区47 a发生高温热害的总次数达到40次以上;而且年代际上表现为2001—2007年最重,1960 s次之,1980s最少。     

气候因素对稻米品质影响的研究进展

综合分析了气象因素对稻米的碾米品质、外观品质、蒸煮品质和营养品质影响研究的主要结论,简要分析了不同结论产生的原因。     

Water-air transfer resistance for ammonia from flooded rice

Vertical flux densities of ammonia, water vapour and sensible heat were measured over a flooded rice field in China following the application of ammonium bicarbonate fertilizer. Aqueous and gaseous phase transfer resistances for ammonia were deduced from these measurements. The aqueous phase resistance was maximal in the morning and least in the afternoon. Stable stratification of the floodwater immediately adjacent to the air-water interface was observed during the morning when evaporation rates were low, and may be responsible for inhibiting the transfer of ammonia to the atmosphere.     

基于环流和海温的稻曲病指数长期预报模型研究

稻曲病属于典型的"气象型"病害,为了提前预报出适宜稻曲病发生的气象等级与提供足够的防治准备时间,根据中长期天气预报原理,充分考虑大气环流和太平洋海温对区域气象条件影响的滞后性,利用近40 a的江苏逐日气象观测资料、大气环流指数和海温资料,采用空间拓扑原理和最优相关普查等统计方法,挑选出了对综合稻曲病指数影响最显著的预报因子,并通过滑动平均和主成分识别等检验方法确保预报因子的稳定性和独立性,最终分别建立了基于大气环流因子和基于海温因子的综合稻曲病指数长期预报模型。经过检验,两种模型的模拟效果均理想,能提前一个月预报出综合稻曲病指数以及对应的发病气象等级。