共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 156 毫秒
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关于海水中铀(Ⅵ)与水合氧化钛的作用、国内外已有许多报导,内容包括水合氧化钛制备方法的不同对交换铀量的影响,水合氧化钛和海水中铀的基本物理—化学性质的研究及它们在反应过程中物理—化学性质变化规律的研究,海水中铀与水合氧化钛作用机理的研究等等。但对这一反应的动力学研究文献上报导极少,除了在本研究Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ中报导的反应机理的研究[1,2]证明反应过程的速率由液膜扩散所控制之外,关于这一离子交换过程的反应级数和活化能的研究却至今未见有文献报导。 相似文献
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在海水介质中,模拟研究了厦门西港沉积物对Pb吸附过程的热力学和动力学性质,提出相应的定量模式,测定饱和吸附量、吸附速率常数和表观活化能等重要物化参数。结果表明,沉积物-Pb的吸附以化学作用为主,静电作用为辅。其吸附性质与水合氧化铁-Pb的吸附类似。 相似文献
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从海水中富集铀有多种方法,其中,水合氧化钛对铀的吸附容量大且选择性好,认为是最好的吸附剂。 水合氧化钛的制备方法和吸附条件不同,其富集的元素及富集系数也有差异,这是正常的现象。本文所用水合氧化钛是在本实验条件下制备和通水的,测定了两组水合氧化钛吸附 相似文献
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海水中蕴藏着总量为42亿吨的铀,海水提铀的研究是人们普遍关注的一个课题,海水提铀的关键是从铀含量3.34微克/升的海水中富集铀,使用吸附法富集铀时,首要的问题是吸附剂的研制,由于螯合树脂(或纤维)类有机吸附剂的选择性强,容易成形,物理机械性能好等优点,正日益受到人们的重视。 相似文献
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日本的海水化学资源提取技术研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
海水化学资源例如铀、锂提取技术已进入海水现场小规模试验。以纤维状偕胺肟类化合物为吸附材料 ,每公斤吸附剂的提铀量为 1 g。添加质量分数为 2 0 %聚氯乙烯的尖晶石型锰氧化物粒状海水提锂吸附剂 ,每克吸附剂的提铀量为 1 8mg。浮体式吸铀装置可用于深海作业。流动床或船舶提锂系统 ,可规模化海水提锂。吸锂剂的脱附以及脱锂液的浓缩分离已初步达到小型生产的程度。用吸附法从海水中提取的碳酸锂纯度达 99%以上 ,海水锂回收率为 2 7%。 相似文献
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This article deals with a new method of analysing in seawater, i. e. the uranium is concentrated with an aqueous suspension of basic zinc carbonate, subsequently isolated and determined by extraction-photometric method. In concentrating uranium such factors as stirring time, amount of adsorbent used, acidity of seawater were studied and conditions suitable for analysis were found. This method is simple, accurate and good in reproducibility. It is not necessary to adjust the pH of seawater before analysis. This technique can also be applied to determination of uranium in river or lake. 相似文献
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1. The adsorption action of basic zinc carbonate adsorbent on uranium in natural seawater can be expressed with the following formula of adsorption isotherm:C=k(U*)n = 8.51× 10-1(U*)0.49,where C is the concentration of uranium on adsorbent; U* is content of uranium in natural seawater employed.2. when the quantity of basic zinc carbonate adsorbent (T) is constant, with the increase of natural seawater quantity through the adsorption column (G), also increased are the adsorption content of uranium of the adsorbent (U), the concentration of uranium on the adsorbent (C) and the concentration of residual uranium (C0*) in natural seawater after adsorbing uranium, while the rate of recovery of uranium (R) is decreased. With the increase of (G) the coefficient of distribution (Kd) decreases to a certain value and then a little rises again. 相似文献
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MECHANISM OF URANIUM ADSORPTION ON AMIDOXIME RESIN 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The mechanism of uranium adsorption from seawater by polyacrylamidoxime resin is investigated by means of the experiments of adsorption isotherm and adsorption rate. The uranium uptake increases with the adsorption temperature and varies with the pH of seawater. Thermochemical and kinetic calculation show that the enthalpy change (△H) and the activation energy (E) of the uranium adsorption are 42.4 42.4 kJ mol-1 and 41.2 kJ mol-1 respectively, indicating that the uranium adsorption on the resin proceeds via a certain complex chemical reaction in which the amidoxime group in the resin chelates uranyl ions. 相似文献
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Joan D. Willey 《Marine Chemistry》1977,5(3):267-290
Dissolved silica can coprecipitate with zinc from seawater or distilled water that has been enriched with both elements. More than 2 ppm Si are necessary for the reaction to begin. The coprecipitation shows pH dependence. The addition of pulverized illite or natural sediment as suspended particulate material does not enhance the reaction in seawater. The organic material present in the nearshore seawater samples decreases the rate and extent of reaction, as indicated by comparisons of results of experiments using natural seawater with results obtained using UV-irradiated seawater. In unbuffered distilled water the reaction must compete with hydrolysis of zinc; however, reaction does occur, which indicates that the seawater matrix is not essential for the reaction. The coprecipitation can limit the concentration of zinc in seawater to less than the solubility concentration assumed for ZnCO3 or Zn(OH)2. The results suggest that a zinc silicate can precipitate directly from seawater or interstitial water as an authigenic mineral. 相似文献
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A number of dictating resins have been synthesized for extracting uranium from scawatcr. The feasibilities of extracting uranium directly from seawater by synthesizing chelating resins have been investigated by studying three factors:(1) the chelating ability of the resins for uranyl ion;(2) the competitive complex of calcium, magnesium and other cations with uranyl ion;(3) the competitive complex of carbonate ion with uranyl ion.It is suggested that the competitive complex of carbonate ion with uranyl ion should be the most important factor. 相似文献
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利用高精度的电感耦合等离子体质谱仪对2014年1月长江口表层水中溶解铀浓度及其234U/238U比值、2013年3月长江口表层沉积物中各矿物组分的铀含量及其234U/238U比值进行了测定,研究了其空间分布特征和影响因素。结果表明:除了长江径流和海水之外,长江口还有其他的溶解铀来源。水体中过剩铀与悬浮颗粒物浓度呈现显著相关性(r2=0.96)。对长江口表层沉积物进行的序列提取实验进一步表明,水体中悬浮颗粒物或沉积物中可解吸态和碳酸钙结合态铀可以在河口区域释放进入水体,而铁锰氧化物和有机物结合铀比较稳定,不受河口区混合过程的影响。每千克颗粒物或沉积物能够释放约2 μmol颗粒态铀,使其转化为溶解态。然而,铁氢氧化物和细颗粒物的絮凝吸附作用也可使溶解铀同时从河口水体中清除。在低盐度区,铀的清除和添加过程速率相近,使溶解铀呈现暂时的"伪保守"现象:颗粒态释放的铀具有明显低的234U/238U比值,导致水体的234U/238U低于保守混合值。在中高盐度区域,溶解铀呈现明显的富集现象。但是由于水相和颗粒相中的铀交换,可释放颗粒态铀的234U/238U接近溶解铀的234U/238U比值,从而导致水体的234U/238U比值呈现出保守性。长江口颗粒物的铀释放通量为(3.48±0.41)×105 mol/a,约占输入的总颗粒态铀通量(1.80±0.17)×106 mol/a的19.3%。长江口输入东海的溶解铀总通量(河流溶解态铀与河口添加铀之和)为(2.68±0.13)×106 mol/a,约为世界河流入海铀通量的11.7%。 相似文献
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The adsorption behaviour for uranium of four kinds of amidoxime resinst RNH, RCH, RAH and RPH in seawater has been investigated. It has been found that all these resins are capable of adsorbing rapidly uranium from U-cnriched seawater with a high uranium uptake.RNH was able to adsorb uranium satisfactorily from natural seawater, and the uranium uptake of RNH with a degree of cross-linking of 3-5 mol % was above 200 μg/g-R (adsorption for 15 days). The uranium uptakes of RCH, RAH and RPH from natural seawater were much lower than the uranium uptake of RNH. The factors which caused the difference between resins RCH, RAH, RPH and resin RNH are discussed. 相似文献
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The distribution of dissolved uranyl species was calculated on the basis of the stability constants published elsewhere and compared with the results obtained from the experiments performed in artificial seawater. According to the distributions calculated and electrochemical and spectrophoto-metrical measurements performed in model electrolytes and artificial seawater (pH=8.2) in the presence of sufficient hydrogen peroxide, uranium most probably predominates in the form of a mixed uranyl-dicarbonato-hydrogenperoxo complex. The results obtained could be applied to the natural marine photic zone.The mixed complex has to be taken into account as an additional form of dissolved uranium species influencing their cycle in natural water systems. Recent discovery of the presence of hydrogen peroxide in the surface waters of seas has challenged a long-held notion of the prevalence of uranyl-carbonato complexes in seawater. 相似文献