碱式碳酸锌吸附剂对天然海水中铀的吸附

本文实验结果表明:1.吸附剂中的铀浓度与所使用的天然海水的含铀量存在如下关系:C=8.51×10-1(u*)0.49.2.当吸附剂的用量基本保持不变时,随着通过吸附柱海水量的增加,吸附剂的吸铀量、吸附剂中的铀浓度以及吸铀后天然海水中剩余的铀浓度不断增加;而铀的回收率不断减少;分配系数随着通过吸附柱海水量的增加而减少至一定值之后,又稍有回升.     

ADSORPTION ACTION OF BASIC ZINC CARBONATE ADSORBENT ON URANIUM IN NATURAL SEAWATER

1. The adsorption action of basic zinc carbonate adsorbent on uranium in natural seawater can be expressed with the following formula of adsorption isotherm:C=k(U*)n = 8.51× 10-1(U*)0.49,where C is the concentration of uranium on adsorbent; U* is content of uranium in natural seawater employed.2. when the quantity of basic zinc carbonate adsorbent (T) is constant, with the increase of natural seawater quantity through the adsorption column (G), also increased are the adsorption content of uranium of the adsorbent (U), the concentration of uranium on the adsorbent (C) and the concentration of residual uranium (C0*) in natural seawater after adsorbing uranium, while the rate of recovery of uranium (R) is decreased. With the increase of (G) the coefficient of distribution (Kd) decreases to a certain value and then a little rises again.     

海水中铀与锌型吸附剂离子交换的液膜扩散机理

我们根据Boya等人的扩散理论,由试验结果证实:当海水中的铀浓度为10μg U/ml及20μg U/ml时,海水中的铀与碱式碳酸锌吸附剂的离子交换速率主要为液膜扩散所控制[1],本文用天然海水直接进行实验,也获得了与上述相同的结果.由此可见,在含10-20μg U/ml的加浓铀海水中及天然海水中,铀与锌型离子交换速率主要为液膜扩散所控制.     

含偕胺肟基和羧基纤维状吸附剂的研制及其吸铀作用

在聚丙烯腈纤维上导入偕胺肟基和羧基,制得具有高吸铀量和高吸铀速度的纤维状吸附剂,每克纤维10天能从天然海水中吸铀4.6毫克,研究了纤维吸附剂的平衡吸铀量X_m和吸铀速度常数K与基团含量的关系,发现X_m和K分别与偕胺肟基和羧基含量相关,因而得出结论:偕胺肟基为吸铀活性基团,羧基为加快吸铀速度的促进基团,同时研究了纤维对铀的吸附机理,用分子轨函观点讨论吸附态的螯合结构.     

铀酰络离子在水合氧化钛上的吸附作用——Ⅰ.化学热力学特性

本文研究了水合氧化钛在NaCl-NaHCO₃溶液和海水中对铀酰络离子吸附的热力学特性。测定吸附等温线和各种pH值的吸附密度,估算了各组分对吸附密度的贡献、吸附自由能△G_ads,i、静电吸引能△G_coul,i和化学吸附势能△G_chem,i。并且计算了平均自由能△G_ads、吸附焓变△H_ads和吸附熵变△S_ads。由此得出结论:这是一种自发的吸热的络合吸附过程。     

台湾海峡西部海域营养盐时空变化与水文及生物因子的关系

本文报道了1984年5月至1985年2月台湾海峡西部海域(22°19′—27°25′N,116°30′—121°E)活性硅酸盐、磷酸盐和三氮总含量的平面、断面、垂直分布和季节变化及其与沿岸径流和海峡中不同水系的消长、上升流、浮游植物的关系,以及各营养盐之间及其与盐度的相关性。     

海水中铀与碱式碳酸锌的反应级数及活化能

目前国外对碱式碳酸锌吸附海水中铀的报导较少,对其吸附海水中铀的反应级数及活化能测定的报导尚未见到。本文试图用三颈瓶反应器及分光光度法,测定海水中铀与碱式碳酸锌的反应级数及活化能,并获得较满意的实验结果。     

ADSORPTION OF URANYL COMPLEX IONS ON HYDROUS TITANIUM OXIDE Ⅰ. CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICAL CHARACTERISTICS

An account is given of the thermodynamical characteristics of the adsorption of uranyl complex ions on hydrous titanium oxide (HTO) in NaCl-NaHCO3 solution and in seawater. Determined are the adsorption isotherms and the adsorption density in various pH. The contribution of each component to the adsorption density, the adsorption free energy ΔGads,t, the coulostatic energy ΔGcoul,t. and the cqemisorption potential energy Gchem. t are estimated. The average free energy ΔGads enthalpy change, ΔHads, and entropy change, ΔSads, of the adsorption in this system are -7.33 kcal/mol, 6.30 kcal/mol and 45.7 cal/mol K respectively. It is hereof concluded that the complex chemisorption process is spontaneous and thermonegativc.