颗粒炭动态吸附含Cu—EDTA电镀废水的研究

本文采用颗粒状活性炭，动态吸附处理含Ｃｕ－ＥＤＴＡ电镀废水，对动态法的工艺条件进行了系统研究。最佳工艺条件为：炭粒颗粒度８０－１００目，ＰＨ＝５．５，吸附等温方程为ｑ＝１９．０Ｃ＾０．２５０，吸附容量（１５０－２００ｍｌ废水）／ｇ活性炭，过滤速度为１２ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ，结果表明，该方法具有处理效果好，易于扩大应用的优点。     

利用活性炭从硫酸酸性硫脲金浸出液中回收金的研究

本研究利用含金硫脲络合物和Ｆｅ（氧化剂）的合成溶液进行了一系列活性炭吸附实验，解吸实验是利用乙醇和丙二醇作为解吸剂进行的。根据吸附实验结果，金在活性炭上的吸附与硫脲（ＴＵ）、三价铁离子、硫酸和活性炭浓度以有温度有关，当溶液中的硫脲，硫酸和Ｆｅ＾３＋的浓度分别为５ｇ／Ｌ，０．４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ和０．５ｇ／Ｌ，并在活性炭浓度为７．５ｇ／Ｌ、温度为３５℃和吸附时间为７５ｍｉｎ的最佳条件下，金可被完全吸附在活性     

D401螯合树脂在盐酸介质中对铂,钯的吸附性能及分离研究

本文研究了在ＨＣｌ介质中，Ｄ４０１螯合树脂对铂，钯的吸附性能。实验表明，在ｐＨ＝２－４范围内，树脂对钯有良好的吸附性能，饱和吸附量７０．５ｍｇＰｄ／ｇ－Ｒ。ｐＨ≥４时对铂不吸附，钯的负载柱可用「０．１ｍｏｌＴｕ＋０．５ｍｏｌｈｃＬ」／Ｌ混合液定量洗脱，洗脱率为９９．２％，     

邻氯苯基荧光酮—CTMAB荧光熄灭法测定水中微量锰

用荧光熄灭法研究了邻氯苯基荧光酮－ＣＴＭＡＢ－Ｍｎ体系的最佳测定条件。在ｐＨ＝９．５的ＮＨ３．Ｈ２Ｏ－ＮＨ４Ｃｌ介质中，检测限为０．３ｎｇ／ｍｌ，ＲＳＤ为２．２９％。可用于江湖水中微量Ｍｎ的测定。     

微分溶出计时电位法测定地质物料中微量铜

在０．２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＨＣｌ－１．０ｍｏｌ／ＬＮａＣｌ－０．１５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ抗坏血酸介质中，用电流氧化微分溶出计时电位法直接测定地质物料中微量Ｃｕ。富集电位－０．５５Ｖ，时间２０～４０ｓ；电极转速２５００ｒ／ｍｉｎ；溶出电流０．２～１μＡ；记录电位范围－０．２～－１．２０Ｖ；清洗电位－０．１０Ｖ，时间１０ｓ。方法检出限０．２μｇ／ｇ，线性范围２～４００ｎｇ／ｍｌ，精密度（ＲＳＤ，ｎ＝１１，４．１μｇ／     

催化褪色光度法测定痕量锰的研究及应用

本研究了在ＰＨ＝４．０醋酸－醋酸钠缓冲溶液中，锰催化ＫＩＯ４氧化５－Ｂｒ－ＰＡＤＡＰ的褪色反应及其动力学条件，建立了一个痕量锰的高灵敏度新方法，方法灵敏度为１．３２×１０＾－１０ｇ／ｍｌ，测定范围Ｍｎ＾２＋浓度为０￣１．５μｇ／ｍｌ，用于测定人发，自来水，茶叶中痕量锰，结果满意。     

13X型沸石净化含铜废水的实验研究

本文研究了１３Ｘ型沸石净化含Ｃｕ＾２＋废水的主要影响、吸附效果、解吸效果及净化机理。结果表明：碱性条件下的去除率略优于其他条件;吸附时间为１０ｍｉｎ,吸附基本达和;温度从２０℃升高到５０℃,去除率略有增另,当继续升高到６５℃时,去除率下降。在达到国家污水综合排放标准（ＧＢ８９７８－８８）前,每克沸石能处理浓度为３０ｍｇ／Ｌ的废水１４７１．３４ｍｌ,吸附量为４３．４０ｍｇ／ｇ。用饱和ＮａＣｌ溶液解吸     

4l0哌啶树脂分离富集－原子吸收测定化探样品中痕量镉

研究了４１０哌啶树脂对Ｃｄ的吸附行为，在２％～２０％ＨＣＩ介质中［ＣｄＣｌ＿３］￣－被树脂吸附，采用４％～３０／ＨＮＯ＿３溶液可以解脱Ｃｄ，回收率在９６％以上。测定了Ｃｄ在该树脂上的分配系数为５４９０，对含Ｃｄ０．０６７μｇ／ｇ的标样ＧＳＲ－３平行测定６次，相对标准偏差为９．５％。方法用于化探样品中０．０Ｘ×１０￣－６级Ｃｄ的测定，结果满意。     

高温高压气液相中金迁移形式的实验研究

用配制的ＡｕＣｌ３水溶液于Π型高压釜内，在ｐＨ＝１～０．５，Ｐ／１０×１０５Ｐａ～３００×１０５Ｐａ，Ｔ／２００～４００℃条件下金的迁移实验结果，ＡｕＣｌ３在３５０℃以上为气相中迁移，３５０℃以下才开始少部分转入热液中，３００℃约３０％ＡｕＣｌ３转入热液里，２５０℃以下有７０％转入热液里，２００℃以下ＡｕＣｌ３全部转入热液里。表明１０００μｇ／ｍｌＡｕＣｌ３水溶液在３５０℃及１７２×１０５ｐａ条件达到临界状态，全部气化为简单氯化物金的形式。因此，金矿的沉淀富集是在中低温热液中成矿的。实验结果表明金是在热液晚期中低温成矿环境形成。     

铜—亚硝基R盐极谱波研究及分析应用

在ＰＨ３．５的Ｂｒｉｔｔｏｎ－Ｒｏｂｉｎｓｏｎ缓冲溶液中，Ｃｕ－亚硝基Ｒ盐体系在－０．１４Ｖ可产生较为灵敏的极谱流。二阶导皮高与Ｃｕ浓度在０－０．６μｇ／ｍｌ范围内线性关系。检出限为０．００３μｇ／ｍｌ，研究了极谱波性质及电极反应机理，证明其为同时受扩散控制的络合附附波本法已用于土壤、人发样中Ｃｕ的测定。     

Adsorption of diethyl and dibutyl phthalates onto activated carbon produced from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Albizia julibrissin pods:</Emphasis> kinetics and isotherms

The adsorption behavior study of diethyl and dibutyl phthalates was investigated onto a new activated carbon prepared from an abundant biomass “Albizia julibrissin pods,” treated chemically by H₃PO₄. A series of experiments were conducted in a batch system to estimate the effect of operating conditions such as the adsorbent nature, the dose of adsorbent, the contact time, the initial concentration and the temperature on the adsorption efficiency. The optimum operating conditions were found to be 0.1 and 0.05 g of adsorbent for diethyl and dibutyl phthalates, respectively, at 30 min equilibrium time, 150 mg g^?1 and 293 K. The adsorption isotherms for both phthalates were fit at different temperatures using the nonlinear regression of Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin–Radushkevich and Redlich–Peterson. The pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order by nonlinear regression and intraparticle diffusion models were used to describe the adsorption kinetic. The results show that the intraparticle diffusion model is not the limiting step governing the adsorption mechanism. The structural and textural characteristics of adsorbent surface were investigated. FTIR analysis of unloaded and phthalates-loaded adsorbent revealed that the aliphatic groups attached to phthalate esters are involved in adsorption mechanism.     

Heavy metals removal from synthetic wastewater by a novel nano-size composite adsorbent

The effects of varying operating conditions on metals removal from aqueous solution using a novel nano-size composite adsorbent are reported in this paper. Characterization of the composite adsorbent material showed successful production of carbon nanotubes on granular activated carbon using 1 % nickel as catalyst. In the laboratory adsorption experiment, initial mixed metals concentration of 2.0 mg/L Cu²⁺, 1.5 mg/L Pb²⁺ and 0.8 mg/L Ni²⁺ were synthesized based on metals concentration from samples collected from a semiconductor industry effluent. The effects of operation conditions on metals removal using composite adsorbent were investigated. Experimental conditions resulting in optimal metals adsorption were observed at pH 5, 1 g/L dosage and 60 min contact time. It was noted that the percentage of metals removal at the equilibrium condition varied for each metal, with lead recording 99 %, copper 61 % and nickel 20 %, giving metal affinity trend of Pb²⁺ > Cu²⁺ > Ni²⁺ on the adsorbent. Langmuir’s adsorption isotherm model gave a higher R² value of 0.93, 0.89 and 0.986 for copper, nickel and lead, respectively, over that of Freundlich model during the adsorption process of the three metals in matrix solution.     

巯基棉富集-分光光度法测定铂

样品溶解后,加入还原剂氯化亚锡及助吸附剂水合肼,用巯基棉吸附微量铂。吸附物灰化后,灰分用王水溶解,溶液用双十二烷基二硫代乙酰胺(DDO)分光光度法测定铂。方法检出限为0.2μg/g(10.0g样品),铂量在0~20μg/g线性关系较好。方法经国家一级标准物质验证,铂的测定结果与标准值相符,12次测定的相对标准偏差(RSD)小于10%。     

Adsorption of lead, zinc and cadmium ions from contaminated water onto Peganum harmala seeds as biosorbent

Peganum harmala seeds were assessed as biosorbent for removing Pb²⁺, Zn²⁺and Cd²⁺ ions from aqueous solutions. The effects of various parameters such as the aqueous solution pH, the contact time, the initial metal concentration and the amount of adsorbent in the process were investigated. The adsorption efficiencies increased with pH. It was found that about 95 % of lead, 75 % of zinc and 90 % of cadmium ions could be removed from 45 ml of aqueous solution containing 20 mg l^?1 of each cation with 2 g of adsorbent at pH 4.5 after 15 min. The quantitative desorption of cadmium from adsorbent surface was achieved using 10 ml of a 0.5 M nitric acid solution. This condition was attained for lead and zinc ions with 10 ml of 1 M hydrochloric acid solution. Kinetic investigation of the process was performed by considering a pseudo-second-order model. This model predicts the chemisorption mechanism of the process. Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin–Radushkevich models were tested for describing the equilibrium data. It was found that the Freundlich model describes the experimental data resulting from the adsorption of lead ions. However for cadmium and zinc ions, the adsorption equilibria were interpreted with the Langmuir model.     

Biosorption of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution onto pomegranate seeds: kinetic modeling studies

Hexavalent chromium has been proved to be the reason of several health hazards. This study aimed at evaluating the application of pomegranate seeds powder for chromium adsorption (VI) from aqueous solution. Chromium adsorption percentage (VI) increased with increasing the adsorbent dosage. Chromium adsorption capacity (VI), at pH = 2 and 10 mg/L initial metal concentration, decreased from 3.313 to 1.6 mg/g through increasing dosage of adsorbent from 0.2 to 0.6 g/100 ml. The adsorption rate increased through increase in chromium initial concentration (VI). However, there was a removal percentage reduction of chromium (VI). Chromium adsorption kinetics by different models (pseudo-first-order, modified pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich, intraparticle diffusion, Boyd kinetic) was investigated as well. Studies on adsorption kinetic indicated that the experimental data were matched by pseudo-second-order model (R ² = 0.999) better. Obtained results demonstrated the pomegranate seeds can be used as an effective biomaterial and biosorbent for hexavalent chromium adsorption from aqueous solutions.     

斜发沸石对钾离子的吸附/解吸动力学研究

以KCl为钾源、新疆某地所产斜发沸石为吸附剂,研究斜发沸石对K+的动力吸附与解吸效果,并探讨吸附时间、K+初始浓度与吸附量的关系。用pH=5的HCl溶液和(Ca2++Mg2+)浓度/(mmol.L-1)为1.6,3.2,6.4,12.8,19.2,25.6的混合溶液对饱和吸附了K+的斜发沸石进行解吸,实验结果表明:沸石对K+的吸附在4min能达到最大吸附率的96%,30min内达到平衡。Langmuir吸附等温式能对吸附曲线进行很好的描述。单位质量沸石对K+的最大吸附量为44.53×10-3,以阳离子交换吸附为主。pH=5的HCl溶液对K+的解吸量最小,随解吸溶液中(Ca2++Mg2+)浓度增加,解吸滞后系数减小,解吸速率远小于吸附速率。解吸量的自然对数与解吸时间的自然对数呈现明显的线性关系,用指数方程对(Ca2++Mg2+)浓度为25.6mmol/L的解吸曲线进行拟合,R=0.998,拟合方程为qt=3.890t0.210。理论上将吸附的K+全部解吸出来需要74.4d。     

用钒作为基体改进剂对矿石中痕量镓、铟、铊的无火焰原子吸收测定

近年来,随着原子吸收分析技术的发展,关于镓、铟、铊的测定已有不少报导,但在矿石样品中,在一次取样的条件下,连续测定这三个元素的方法还很少见。本文是将样品先经分解后,在5.5N的氢溴酸介质中利用     

β-环糊精交联聚合物对氯苯的吸附特性

通过对水中含有微量氯苯的吸附特性研究,考察β-环糊精交联聚合物吸附氯苯的动力学、热力学及连续运行条件下的稳定性和再生性能。实验结果表明:β-环糊精交联聚合物吸附氯苯的过程符合准二级动力学模型,即化学吸附是吸附过程的控制步骤;β-环糊精交联聚合物上的等温吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温模型。在15、25、35℃时最大吸附量分别为23.36、28.17、27.85mg/g;动态模拟实验中,当氯苯质量浓度为10mg/L时,氯苯的去除率大于80%。乙醇作为溶剂可以使吸附饱和的β-环糊精交联聚合物再生。     

Evaluating the effectiveness of a hybrid sorbent resin in removing fluoride from water

In some regions of the world, the concentration of fluoride in groundwater is high. To reduce the amount of fluoride to acceptable drinking water standard, it is highly recommended to treat the water. Fluoride adsorption in aqueous solution by a hybrid resin was studied in this research because of its functional groups likeness with goethite. Kinetic data showed that F adsorption was rapid in the beginning and maximum uptake occurred in within 10 min and equilibrium reached within 100 min. The experimental results showed that fluoride adsorption was influenced by pH of solution and optimum operating pH was in the range of 3 to 5.5. Langmuir model was applicable to the present study and F ions were exchanged with hydroxide ions in nano-scaled structure on the surface of sorbent. This adsorbent with 61 % efficiency is suitable for the regions where F concentration is less than 4 mg/L.     

Removal of heavy metals from paint industry’s wastewater using Leca as an available adsorbent

The ability of light expanded clay aggregate to remove lead and cadmium from paint industry’s effluents was studied at different levels of adsorbent, contact time and pH in April 2008. For this purpose, lead and cadmium removal from paint industry effluents were studied in batch reactors. lead and cadmium measurements have been taken with non-flame atomic absorption techniques and test methods were adapted from 19^th. Ed. of standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. In this study, different amounts of Leca (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 g/L) were investigated. The amount of adsorbed lead and cadmium exposure to Leca increased from 1.41 to 3 mg/g and 0.22 to 0.75 mg/g, respectively. The maximum removal efficiency for Pb was 93.75 % at pH = 7 and exposure to 10 g/L of Leca, while for cadmium, it was nearly 89.7 % at the same condition. In this study, adsorption process of lead and cadmium was fitted with Freundlich adsorption isotherm (R² _Pb = 0.97 and R² _Cd = 0.98). The sufficient contact time was deemed 1–2 h for lead and cadmium. According to the results, Leca is recommended as a low cost and available adsorbent to remove lead and cadmium from industrial wastewater.