地磁场等变线在地磁预报地震中的应用

在地磁绝对观测预报地震中，若充分利用地磁场一般具有规则的等变线分布这一特征，可以使原来仅限于小台距的预报法推广到大台距，并在实践中获得了较理想的结果。这样，解决了台站稀少地区台站观测资料难以用于地震预报的难题，为地磁绝对预测预报地震找到了一种新的途径。     

全国Ⅱ类形变台、Ⅱ类地磁台观测质量评比揭晓——金州台、大连台双夺五连冠

1988年5月国家地震局科技监测公司分别在江西九江和四川成都召开的全国Ⅱ类形变台、Ⅱ类地磁台观测质量评比会议,辽宁省金州地震台和大连地震台分别获得形变与地磁第一名,取得了"五连冠".取得如上成绩不是偶然的,近几年来,辽宁省地震局科技监测处十分重视台站观测质量,经常会同分析预报人员深入台站基层,指导检查工作,和台站有关技术人员共同研讨如何不断提高观测质量,并多次请国家地震局有关专家来辽进行业务指导.金州台十分重视岗位练兵,培训熟练的基本功,全体人员十几年如一日,一丝不苟的进行观测,资料连     

静海台地磁短周期变化异常与其附近地震的关系

近年来的一些研究表明,由于地城前孕震区地下介质的电磁结构的变化,将导致地磁短周期转换函数发生异常变化。本文通过对１９９１年唐山５．２、５．６级地城前后静海台地磁短周期转换函数参数的计算及其结果的分析和研究,提取出了可靠的地震短临前兆信息,确立了将其应用于唐山地区５级以上的震预报的短临异常特征及其指标。     

绝对地磁测量预报地震

介绍一种称为地磁等变线预报法的地磁绝对测量预报地震的新的处理方法。该方法既可将全国分散的地磁台站联系起来，使原来不能发挥作用的台站起到应有的作用，也可避免校正长期变差异的麻烦，达到大台距台站之间可直接作差值图的目的。这样，可能为地磁绝对测量预报地震开辟一个新的途径，为该手段在预报地震中起到更大的作用创造一定的条件。     

广东及邻区地震前地磁变化和异常判别指标

应用差值,相关,地磁特征线以及地磁加卸载响应比等方法,分别计算了广东,海南,广西３个台的地磁资料,寻找适用于本区的地磁分析预报方法及地震异常判别指标,结果表明,当参量超过１．５倍均方差时为异常;异常出现半年内在异常台站附近（距离小于２５０ｋｍ范围内）发生地震．若两个台站同时出现异常则未来地震将可能大于６级,在单台分析法中,地磁特征线法和加卸载响应比法效果较好,用特征线法,当广州台特征线参数Ｋ－０．     

云南近期M≥5级地震前的地磁短临异常

云南近期发生的一系列中强震前1个多月内，大多数地磁曲线都有较明显的加速上升或加速下降过程，笔用这些异常对其中的几次地震作了一定程度的预测。通过对这些地磁短临异常的分析，认为在云南M≥5级地震前，多台项地磁会出现准同步异常；在成组地震连发的过程中，地磁对后续地震的预测尤为有用，通常是第1个地震发生后，异常明显恢复，在下次地震发生前再次出现新异常，且异常可以多台同时、多次出现；地磁对时间预报的贡献较大，但在地点判断上相对困难，预报时地点必须参考其它预测项目。     

江苏高邮地震台地磁变化与地震关系的初探

分析了江苏高邮地磁台1980年至2002年地磁垂直分量日变幅逐日比值的高值异常与江苏及邻区ML5．0以上地震之间的关系，发现它们之间有良好的对应关系，通过分析地磁垂直分量谐波幅度的逐日比，提出了适用于高邮地磁台的地震分析预报参数，并对其内检预报效能进行了评价。     

北部湾5.1级强余震的短临预报

根据琼中、邕宁,广州等地磁台垂直分量日变形态“双低点”异常,地震序列缺震和地震迁移等方法,较成功地预报１９９５年３月２３日北部湾５．１级强余震。     

地磁垂直分量“低点位移”与青海省中强地震

本文利用青海省西宁地磁台和格尔木地磁台７年间的地磁垂直分量日变极小值出现时间的资料，讨论了“低点位移”异常与青海省ＭＬ≥５．０级地震的对应关系，得出：７２％的地震其发震日为异常以后的第２７天或４１天前后４天；几个台的资料可大致判断未来地震发生的方位；震中距较近或较远的台站，其低点位移异常不明显。该预报方法对青海省的中强地震有一定的短临预报效果。     

地磁转换函数在上海及邻近地区地震预报中的应用

地磁转换函数的变化已被广泛用于中短期地震预报。本文利用佘山地震台１９７７￣１９９６年和崇明地震台１９８３￣１９９６年的地磁短周期资料处理所得的转换函数变化,监视跟踪上海及邻近地区地震活动。通过几次中强地震震例的总结,提出用地磁转换函数方法来预报上海及其邻近地区地震的一些判断。用此方法,曾较好地预报过１９９０年常熟５．１级地震和１９９６年长江口以东海中６．１级地震。     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Information for authors

正SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences,an academic journal cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,and published by Science China Press and Springer,is committed to publishing high-quality,original results in both basic and applied research.     

INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING CENTER ON EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION(IRTCES)

正Director:Shangfu Kuang,China Vice-directors:Chunhong Hu,China Duihu Ning,China Guangquan Liu,China The International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation(IRTCES)was jointly set up by the Government of China and UNESCO on July 21,1984.It aims at the promotion of international exchange of knowledge and cooperation in the studies of erosion and     

Calendar of events

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Dynamic process-response model of river channel development

Feedback mechanisms, which operate upstream through drawdown and backwater effects and downstream through sediment discharge are responsible for channel evolution. By combining these mechanisms with channel processes it euables a dynamic process-response model to be developed to simulate the initial evolution of straight gravel-bed channels. When erosion commences on a land surface, sediment entrained in the headwater reach by hydraulic action is selectively transported, deposited and reworked. This produces a damped oscillation between degradation and aggradation as the channel and valley respond to spatial and temporal variations in sediment calibre and hydraulic conditions. The initial cut and fill phases are responsible for valley incision and floodplain development while secondary and subsequent activity can produce river terraces. Eventually sediment entrainment in the headwaters declines as slopes are reduced. Subsequent channel evolution is relatively insignificant because it is dependent on local weathering activity producing material that can be transported on declining slopes. Therefore landforms produced during the initial phase of development, when local weathering was non-limiting, dominate the landscape.