1996年8月5日—1997年5月15日Hale—Bopp彗星的照相观测

在1996年8月5日——1997年5月15日对Hale-Bopp彗星进行了照相观测,多次观测到Hale-Bopp彗星彗核的小规模分裂,喷流,壳层结构及彗发的膨胀现象。     

Hale-Bopp彗星自转轴指向的确定

根据上海天文台1．56米望远镜提供的Hale-Bopp彗星近核观测资料,利用两种不同的方法对该彗星的自转轴指向进行了测定．两种方法求出的自转轴指向结果非常接近,Hale-Bopp彗星自转轴指向点的赤经为0h14m32s,赤纬为-49°09′35″(2000年历元)．     

Hale-Bopp彗星的短期非引力效应与彗核活动

对于Hale-Bopp彗星在1997年2月底到4月初的几次彗核活动中，分析了它的同时期天体测量资料，发现它有活动时的观测位置与由彗星历表计算的位置偏差明显地超过观测误差，也超过彗星质心与光心的偏差。因此，这些结果表明彗核活动的确造成了可观测的短期非引力效应，对几次彗核活动及其相应的非引力效应作了讨论。     

点彗台

最新发现 2010年9月下旬至2010年10月上旬里发现并命名了3颗彗星。 2010年9月21日LINEAR巡天项目发现一颗小行星状的目标,随后确认为彗星,编号为C／2010 S1（LINEAR）,发现时亮度17．5等。根据最初观测数据初步确定的轨道显示,这颗彗星将于2013年5月9日过近日点,近日距4．4天文单位,这是LINEAR发现的第199颗彗星。     

用1.05m望远镜对海尔-波普彗星的照相定位观测

1996年7月和8月间,利用陕西天文台骊山天文观测站1．05m望远镜卡焦照相,对海尔-波普彗星进行了定位观测。该望远镜卡焦焦比为F／10,底片比例尺为20”／mm,无畸变象场约为1平方度天区．用蔡司ASCORECORDE2坐标量度促进行底片测量,归算时采用6常数模型,用PPMsouth星在做参考标准,最终给出在FK5基本系统上（J2000．0历元）各观测时刻海尔-波普彗星的α和δ观测值。     

海尔-波普彗星球状喷出物的光变曲线

研究了海尔－波普彗星１９９６年９月的光变曲线,发现其在９月１０日至１１日发生了一次爆发,爆发时核Ｖ星等增亮２．１ｍ．相应地,在ＣＣＤ图像上也发现爆发时彗核抛出的２个球状凝聚物．     

我们观测了林尼尔彗星

Ｃ 1 999Ｓ4Ｌｉｎｅａｒ彗星 ,是在 1 999年 9月 2 7日被发现的 ,Ｃ 1 999 Ｓ4是它的编号 ,ＬＩＮＥＡＲ是近地小行星计划的缩写。尽管发现该彗星时它十分暗 ,但天文学家们经过计算发现该彗星将在 2 0 0 0年 7月 2 4日过近日点 ,届时的亮度可能达到 3等或 4等 ,这是一颗在北半球的夏夜可以用肉眼观测的彗星。进入今年 5月份 ,我们巡天会就开始密切关注该彗星的动态 ,不断查看ｓｋｙｐｕｋ(ｓｋｙａｎｄｔｅｌｅｓｃｏｐｅ) ,ｓｋｙｍａｐ ,ＮＡＳＡ的主页 ,下载各种有关 1 999Ｓ4的数据。我们发现ＳＫＹＭＡＰ预报的彗星的亮度与另两个网站…     

海尔—波普彗星球状喷出物的光变曲线

研究了海尔－波普彗星１９９６年９月的光变曲线,发现其在９月１０日至１１日发生了一次爆发,爆发时核Ｖ星等增亮２．１＾ｍ,相应地,在ＣＣＤ图像上也出现爆发时彗核抛出的２个球状凝聚物。     

在1986年3月哈雷彗星可能发生了彗核分裂

从1986年3月16日至4月22日我们在新西兰约翰山天文台对哈雷彗星进行了近核区照相观测.所用望远镜是61cm反光镜(f/14.2),底片比例尺23.″8/mm.底片和滤光片组合分为三种:Kodak IIaO,Kodak2415,2415+RG610.IIaO底片用氮烘烤敏化,2415胶卷用氢烘烤敏化.一共得到96张底片,记录到彗核区很多丰富多彩的活动,在此暂不赘述. 在1986年3月25日晚,透明度很好,宁静度小于1”,当晚共得到10张底片:1(IIaO),2(2415),7(2415+RG610).在所得底片上可看到两个彗核,两核之间的距离(在天空平面投影)大约为5000公里,其中比较暗弱的彗核也有自己的喷流存在.这可能是哈雷     

彗星动态榜

最新发现： 2008年5月发现并命名了6颗彗星。 2008年5月2日A．Boattini报告他在进行Catalina巡天项目时发现了一颗新彗星,彗星得到了许多观测者的证实,A．Hale目视观测到的亮度为13．4等,编号为C／2008 J1 （Boatti—ni）,初步观测得出的轨道显示彗星已于2008年3月17日过近日点,     

THREE EVENTS OF OUTBURST OF COMET HALE-BOPP

The results of photographic observations of Comet Hale-Bopp made at Qingdao Station of Purple Mountain Observatory during the period from September to November of 1996 are given. It is shown that three events of outburst occurred on Sept. 24, Oct. 26 and Nov. 13, and a large jet appeared in the plate of Sept.23,1996.     

Globular ejecta from Comet Hale-Bopp (C/1955 O1)

This paper reports on the eruption of comet Hale-Bopp in September 1996. Two globular ejecta are observed near the nucleus of the comet on Sept. 10 and 11, 1996. We measured the projected velocity to be some 100 m/s. Subsequently the ejecta evolved into a pair of huge jets.     

海尔-波普彗星的球状喷出物

１９９６年９月观测到海尔－波普彗星的一次喷发,这次喷发持续了几天,在９月１０日和１１日分别观测到彗星的二个球状喷出物,并测得其投影喷出速度约为１００ｍ／ｓ,其后喷出物演变为巨大的喷流．     

Aperture Polarimetry And Photometry Of Comet Hale-Bopp

We present results of polarimetric and photometric observations of bright comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp) obtained at the 0.7 m telescope of Kharkov University Observatory from June 18, 1996 to April 24, 1997. The IHW and HB comet filters were used. The C₂ and C₃ production rates for Hale-Bopp are more than one order of magnitude larger and the dust production rates are more than two orders of magnitude larger than the Halley ones at comparable distances. Hence, Hale-Bopp was one of the most dusty comets. The average UC-BC and BC-RC colours of the dust were −0.02 and 0.13 mag, respectively. The polarization of comet Hale-Bopp at small phase angles of 4.8–13.0° was in good agreement with the date for comet P1/Halley at the same phase angles in spite of the fact that the heliocentric distances of comments differed nearly twice. However, at intermediate phase angles of 34–49° the polarization of comet Hale-Bopp was significantly larger than the polarization of the other dusty comets. It is the first case of such a large difference found in the continuum polarization of comets. The wavelength dependence of polarization for Hale-Bopp was steeper than for other dusty comets. The observed degree of polarization for the anti-sunward side of the coma was permanently higher than that for the sunward shell side. The polarization phase dependence of Hale-Bopp is discussed and compared with the polarization curves for other dusty comets. The peculiar polarimetric properties of comet Hale-Bopp are most likely caused by an over-abundance of small or/and absorbing dust particles in the coma. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Estimating the Size of Hale-Bopp's Nucleus

A variety of independent methods have been used to estimate the size of the nucleus of comet Hale-Bopp. Several groups have analyzed optical and infrared images of the comet and claim to detect the signature of the nucleus, despite the presence of a strong coma. A detection of the nucleus was also claimed during mm- and cm-wave observations of Hale-Bopp shortly before perihelion. A team of observers detected the occultation of a star by the nucleus of Hale-Bopp in October 1996. The maximum observed gas production rate of the comet near perihelion can be used to place a lower limit on the size of the nucleus. This paper critically reviews the many different methods used to constrain the size of Hale-Bopp's nucleus. All of the techniques are affected by systematic errors that can be difficult to quantify precisely. Nevertheless, the available evidence strongly suggests that the nucleus of Hale-Bopp has an effective radius of at least 15 km and is probably in the range 20–35 km. Thus, the prodigious gas and production rates from this comet are naturally explained by its unusually large size. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Hale-Bopp 彗星喷流结构的周期变化

通过对上海天文台佘山观测基地１９９７年３月至５月初期间所得到的Ｈａｌｅ－Ｂｏｐｐ彗 星喷流观测资料的处理和分析,发现该彗星的喷流结构有周期性变化,其周期为８—９ 天,这种周期变化可能与彗星的自转轴在空间的进动周期有关．     

Sublimation Mechanisms of Comet Nuclei

In this paper the sublimation mechanisms of parent molecules from nuclei will be reviewed from the point of view of theoretical models, and the results of models will be compared with the results of the extensive observation campaign of C/1995 O1 Hale-Bopp. The simple model of a mixture of ices in which each gas sublimates independently from the others when the right temperature has been reached is in many cases inadequate to explain the observations. Many minor volatiles can be trapped in the amorphous water ice and released in a complex way when particular ranges of temperature are reached. The presence of sublimating icy grains in the inner coma of comets, suggested many years ago, seems now to be proven, at least for Hale-Bopp. From these grains a significant amount of water and other volatiles could contribute to the total flux measured in the coma. The unprecedented coverage of Hale-Bopp’s gas production curve for such a long time and with so many instrumentshas offered to modellers a wonderful occasion to test and compare observation results with the predictions of sublimation models, demonstrating that current models are able to explain observed results.     

Sodium In Comets

A great deal of attention has been given to the production and spatial distribution of sodium in comets after the discovery of the sodium tail, by Cremonese et al. (1997a), on Hale-Bopp. The sodium has been observed in several comets in the past, but the Hale-Bopp represent the first time where it will be deeply analyzed considering the several data and scientists working on that. The sodium tail stimulated different studies trying to explain the mechanism source and provided the new lifetime for photoionization of the neutral sodium atom. We took into account other sodium observations performed in this century and we focalized our attention to comet Hale-Bopp to understand the main sources responsible for the sodium features observed. We analyzed the sodium tail observations performed by Cremonese et al. (1997b) and Wilson et al. (1998) finding that the Hale-Bopp had four different tails. The wide field images and the high resolution spectroscopy performed along the sodium tail provided very important clues to distinguish the two sodium tails observed and their possible sources. Considering most of the data reported in several papers has been possible to draw a real sketch on what has occurred to the comet during March and April 1997. We are going to demonstrate that the sodium tail observed by Wilson et al. (1998) was not the same reportedby Cremonese et al. (1997a) and in the images taken by the European Hale-Bopp Team there were two distinct sodium tails. The observations allowed us to define “narrow sodium tail” the tail reported by Cremonese et al. (1997a), and “diffuse sodium tail” the tail overimposed to the dust tail. We suggest that the narrow sodium tail was due to a molecular process instead of the diffuse one due to the release of sodium atoms by the dust particles. Such a conclusion is supported by the spatial distribution of sodium on the nucleus and in the coma as reported from other authors. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.