新疆博斯腾湖沉积岩心的~(210)Pb、~(228)Th、~(239,240)Pu和~3H的分布及意义

作者测定了博斯腾湖沉积岩心~(210)Pb、~(228)Th和核试验释放核素~(239,240)Pu、~3H的分布,并据~(210)Pb、~(228)Th、~(239,240)Pu的结果估算湖泊的沉积速率,分别为0.31cm/a,0.26cm/a和0.33cm/a。它表明该湖泊近百年来沉积环境十分稳定。沉积物岩心极好地保存了人类大气核试验的历史记录。~(239,240)Pu分布在1963±2出现峰值,与60年代核试验高峰期相当吻合。沉积物孔隙水~3H分布的峰值出现在1969年,与湖水的混合过程有关。     

22nd IAS Meeting of Sedimentology

The 22nd IAS Meeting of Sedimentology was held in the Convention Centre of the Grand Hotel Adriatic, in a small touristic town Opatija, located on the eastern Adriatic coast where Central Europe and the Mediterranean meet. It was the second IAS Meeting held in Croatia--the first one, 4th IAS Regional Meeting of Sedimentology, was held in Split in 1983. The Meeting in Opatija was organized by the Institute of Geology (Zagreb) and the Croatian Geological Society. The sponsor was Ministry of Science and Technology of the Reoublic of Croatia.     

Mantle processes during ocean formation：Petrologic records in peridotites from the Alpine－Apennine ophiolites

Mantle peridotites were early exposed at the sea-floor of the Jurassic Tethys derived from the subcontinental mantle of the Europe-Adria system. During continental rifting and oceanic spreading, these lithospheric peri-dotites were percolated via diffuse reactive porous flowby melt fractions produced by near-fractional melting of the upwelling asthenosphere. Ascending melts inter-acted with the lower lithosphere, dissolving pyroxenes and precipitating olivine, and crystallized at shallower levels in the mantle column causing melt impregnation.Subsequent focused porous flow formed replacive dunitechannels, cutting the impregnated oeridotites, which were conduits for upward migration of MORB-type liq-uids. Melt migration produced depletionlrefertilization and significant heating of the percolatedlimpregnated mantle, i.e the thermochemical erosion of the litho-sphere. Impregnated and thermally modified lithos-pheric mantle was cooled by conductive heat loss dur-ing progressive lithosphere thinning and was intrudeaby MORB magmas, which formed Mg-rich and Fe-richgabbroic dykes and bodies. Alpine-Apennine ophiolitic peridotites record the deep-seated migration of melts which changed their compositions and dynamics during the rift evolution. The thermochemical erosion of the lithospheric mantle by the ascending asthenospheric melts, which induces significant compositional and rhe-ological changes in the lower lithosphere, is a major process in the evolution of the continent-ocean transi-tion towards a slow spreading oceanic system.     

高能潮道中的灰泥层——风暴沉积的记录

1992年8月23—24日，安德鲁飓风经过了美国大巴哈马滩北部的两个典型的鲕沉积地区(catcay和Joulfefscay)．在风暴后7个星期，观察到在风暴中沉积于高能潮道(4m深)中的碳酸盐灰泥纹层已经暴露在水下鲕丘的丘槽中，     

西非被动大陆边缘及其深水盆地油气特征

西非地区外缘为被动大陆边缘。同时是稳定坳陷带。陆缘展布一些延仲到大西洋深水区的沉积盆地：几内亚湾盆地、宽札河-喀麦隆盆地和纳米比亚盆地。这些地区的含油气盆地在地质发展史和构造-地层演化方面有着许多共性。盆地沉积成分可以羽分为三个结构层，层问通常是不整合或大的沉积间断。下层属裂谷的沉积岩系。多半是大陆相晚侏罗和亚普第期的红色杂岩；中结构层为晚白垩-古新世的碳酸岩组和陆源碳酸岩组；上结构层属于中新世和更年轻时代的覆盖陆架和大部分陆坡的沉积层。该区总共揭示的地层记录超过3．1亿年。其中约一半埋藏在深水区。即陆坡900～3000m水深处。晚白垩世和中古新世沉积层被认作生油岩系。巨厚的碳氢化物堆积出露于深水扇或浊流层中。渐新-中新世和亚普第一赛诺曼期的储集层具有极好的孔隙度-达30％和高渗透性(达3～4达西)油气藏为多层的并显现为地层圈构造遮挡及组合构造圈闭，调查研究表明。所有的开采趋势向北至尼日利亚深水区。向南到南非共和国。但是。这种趋势向北在尼日利亚海域并未连续。反而延忡到北非和西北非的深水部分，塞内加尔、毛里搭尼亚和摩洛哥水域。