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91.
陕西关中晚更新世黄土—古土壤序列特征及其记录的古环境变迁 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7
陕西关中盆地的泾阳南塬和西安东郊席王晚更新世黄土剖面底部的S1古生境是由4层古土壤及与其相间的两层古土壤构成。这是目前发现的黄土高原晚更新世黄土,古土壤序列保存较好的剖面。两剖面的地层结构,磁化率曲线和地球化学组分反映出了12个温湿,冷干气候变化阶段可以归纳为6个气候变化旋回。 相似文献
92.
我国北方农牧交错带的环境演变 总被引:60,自引:2,他引:60
中国北方农牧交错带在10~8.5kaB.P.经历了三次阶段性增暖后进入全新世暖期。8.5~8.0kaB.P.和4~3.5kaB.P.暖期的开始与结束事件中降水变化落后于温度变化300~500a;暖期盛期时的年均温较现代高2~3℃,降水多100mm左右;暖期中存在多次短期寒冷事件,年均温最冷时较现代低3℃以上。3.5kaB.P.以来冷干趋势之上叠加着大致由300a稳定与500a波动构成的约800a的周期性变化。全新世暖期原始农业文化的阶段性发展与暖期内环境波动相对应;暖期结束时发生了由农业向牧业文化转换的事件;暖期以后的冷干期为农牧交错文化时期,农业经济随冷干程度的变化而兴衰 相似文献
93.
面向未来的海面变化研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
长期以来以地质时期海面变化过程等理论性研究为主要方向的海面变化研究经过70年代在观念、方法和资料积累方面的突破,自80年代初期以来进入了以“面向未来”为基调的成熟发展的新阶段,出现了一大批关于未来海面变化幅度及其影响和对策的研究成果,形成了较为完整的研究体系。90年代初以来的几年间,世界海面研究的活跃领域是地质历史时期(例如LGM,5e等阶段)的海面实况、极地冰原对气候变化的反应、海面控制原理、海面模型以及绝对海面的航天测量技术与应用等方面。这一情况在一定程度上体现了“预测热”之后的“冷思考”。中国海面变化研究近年来取得了令世人瞩目的迅速发展,今后应注意引进先进技术方法,加强学科间的交叉合作,发掘自身的优势,向纵深发展 相似文献
94.
哺乳动物群指示的气候旋回——以周口店早更新世哺乳动物群为例 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
文章根据对周口店地区四个哺乳动物群的分析,讨论了该区早更新世气候及生态环境的变迁。第18地点显示了约1.90MaB.P.的干凉气候和森林—草原植被。第12地点指示了1.70MaB.P.的湿热气候和茂密森林生态环境。东洞则记录了1.20MaB.P.的干冷气候和草原景观。到第9地点时(约1.00~0.90MaB.P.),气候炎热,森林和草原植被同时发育 相似文献
95.
This paper designs three quasi-geostrophic barotropic models with a radial/horizontal grid length being 2 kin,one in the polar coordinates,one on a stationary typhoon circulation condition and another on a non-stationary typhoon circulation condition in the Cartesian coordinates,to investigate the effects of azimuthal and radial linear advections,and nonlinear advection on the inward propagation of mesoscale vorticity and the changes of typhoon intensity.Results show that the azimuthal linear advection may result in the formation of spiral vorticity bands;the radial linear advection in a certain parameter set is able to transfer vorticity inwards,leading to a slight enhancement of typhoon;the nonlinear advection of perturbation vorticity on a stationary typhoon circulation condition may transfer more vorticities inwards,thus resulting in a distinct enhancement of typhoon;and the nonlinear advection on a non-stationary typhoon circulation condition possesses duality,i.e.on the one hand,the advection increases the vorticity of inward propagation,thus favorable to the intensification of typhoon,and on the other hand,in the inward propagation process of vorticity the originally concentric and axisymmetric structure of typhoon basic flow is damaged,and a complex flow pattern forms,which in turn tends to weaken the circulation of typhoon.At last the paper discusses the possible applications of those results in typhoon intensity prediction. 相似文献
96.
云南地区2001年4月10日至6月8日相继发生了4月10日MS5.2、4月12日MS5.9和6月8日MS5.3的施甸地震. 本文利用云南遥测数字地震台网的保山地震台记录的地震波形资料,使用SAM分析方法(即剪切波分裂系统分析方法),采用地震应力预测的分析手段,对这个强震系列进行剪切波分裂参数变化特征的研究. 初步结果表明,随着地震活动的增强,剪切波分裂时间延迟值t基本呈现增加的特征,但在强震即将发生之前的短时间内,发生t减小的现象,符合我们早先研究发现的震前应力释放现象. 研究认为,在地震活动强烈的构造地区和有强震发生危险的经济发达地区或重要城市,开展强烈地震的应力预测应用实践,可以减轻地震的危害程度. 相似文献
97.
华北地区700年来地壳应力场演化与地震的关系研究 总被引:20,自引:2,他引:20
目前地震断层相互作用问题已引起地震学家的广泛关注。许多研究表明一条断层的破裂可以影响附近其他断层趋于破裂的进程,两条断层间的确切作用取决于它们的相对位置、破裂机制、错动量和介质力学性质。本研究给出了华北地区700年来由于长期构造加载及地震断层错动导致的累积库仑破裂应力变化(ACCFS)的演化过程。长期构造加载场由GPS观测得到的地壳平均应变率场给出。关于历史地震断层破裂参数的估算,根据的是华北地区有现代仪器记录的大震资料归算地震烈度与断层破裂长度、震级和地震矩的统计关系;根据地质调查得到的地震断层走向、倾角以及本地区的构造应力场方向估计滑动角。考虑粘弹性成层介质地壳模型,计算长期构造加载和地震形变(同震及震后介质粘弹性驰豫变形)造成的累积应力场变化。将累积应力场变化投影到后续地震断层面和滑动方向上得到△CCFS,并研究其对后续地震发生的触发作用。对1303年以来华北地区发生的49个M≥6.5地震研究结果表明:ACCFS对48个后续地震中的38个有触发作用,触发率达到79.2%。应用当今累积应力场变化于华北地区1303年-2003年发生的M≥5地震,我们发现触发率达到75.5%,于1976年以来发生的M≥5地震触发率达82.1%。未被触发的地震中有些是发生在断层破裂区附近的余震,很可能是由于历史地震破裂参量估计的误差落入影区中,若排除这些影响,触发率会更高。研究表明ACCFS与发生的后续地震有很好的相关性。当前ACCFS显著上升的地区包括渤海及其邻域地区、西秦岭北缘断裂带、张家口-渤海地震带西端和太原盆地,其地震危险性应引起重视。 相似文献
98.
Lakes in arid zone are sensitive to climatic changes. The lacustrine sediment sequence in Sogo Nur has well and truly recorded climatic events such as the Sui-Tang Dynasty Warm Period, the Song-Liao Dynasty Cold Period, the Medieval Warm Period, the Little Ice Age and the 20th Century Warm Period. Commonly, the climate in warm Periods was relatively humid,accordingly the lake area extended and water level rose, and vice versa. Apart from climatic change, human activity is also an important factor of influencing lake vicissitude, and they played the dominant role alternatively during different periods; the factor of climatic change predominated in historical period, while since the beginning of the 20th century the utilization of water resources by human has became decisive. 相似文献
99.
On the basis of different sets of aerial photos the dynamics of the reed bed areas of Lake Constance were investigated in relation to the dynamics of the water levels. The objectives of the study were to quantify the changes of reed areas due to different flood events in the last decades and their recovery in the time periods between these events. The results should given information of the relevance of water level variations on reed bed dynamics and the regeneration times of reed beds after extreme disturbance events.Following the extreme flood at Lake Constance in 1999 the reed belts of Lake Constance lost approximately 30 ha (24%) of the lakeside reed beds. The loss is comparable to the situation in the late 1960s, when approximately 40 ha died back due to the extreme flood in 1965 and the high spring water levels in the subsequent years. In the time period between the extreme floods of 1965 and 1999, the reed areas expanded to nearly 85% of the area before 1965. The expansion rates increased with increasing distance to the flood event of 1965. Especially in periods with series of years of low spring water level the expansion rates were high.The damage degrees of the reed areas in the years 2000 and 2002 showed a clear relation to the elevation (i.e. average water level) of the stands. The damage degree increased with decreasing elevation. Furthermore the regeneration process of severely damaged stands was related to the elevation level of the stands. Whereas stands at high elevation regenerate fast, those at low elevation died off completely in the years after the extreme flood. This supports the hypothesis that the water level flutuations play a major role in the reed dynamics of Lake Constance.As a consequence of the climate change an increase in the frequency of high spring water levels is expected. Thus, it seems unlikely that reed stands will ever expand again to the same area as before 1965. 相似文献
100.
YAN Shouxun Laboratory of Remote Sensing Information Sciences Institute of Remote Sensing Applications Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2004,47(9)
To examine the application potential of hyperspectral remote sensing techniques in classifying very low-grade metamorphic belts, the composition of clay minerals and the cyrstallinity of illite from mudstones were measured using XRD and VIS-SWIR (400-2500 nm) reflectance spectroscopy. Based on the illite cyrstallinity, Kubler Index (KI), the Early Triassic LuoLou Group and the Middle Triassic lower Baifeng Formation were classified as the lower Epizone with KI△2θ° ranging from 0.22 to 0.25, the upper Baifeng Formation as upper anchizone with KI△2θ°ranging from 0.26 to 0.33, and the Hekou Formation as lower anchizone with KI△2θ° ranging from 0.38 to 0.40. According to a KI△2θ° value of 0.43, it is possible that there may exist a local diagenetic zone in the upper strata. The illite cyrstallinity Kubler index and the metamorphic grade increase from the bottom to the top of the stratigraphic sequence. The metamorphic grade boundaries nearly match the stratigraphic boundaries, indicating a burial metamorphism nature for the stratigraphic sequence. From the bottom to the top of the sequence, the spectral absorption band center of clay minerals from fresh rocks is around 2200 nm. The absorption band centers change towards shorter wavelengths: the Luolou Group being at 2220 nm, the Baifeng Formation at 2217-2213 nm, the lower member of the Hekou Formation at 2214-2206 nm, and the upper member of the Hekou Formation at 2205-2197 nm. The spectral absorption band center of illite shows the same change pattern. These results indicate that very low-grade metamorphic belts can be subdivided using spectral indices of clay minerals, which are measured by using field portable spectroradiometers. However, it may not work well with satellite and airborne sensors. 相似文献