煤层气储层特征分析与孔渗参数测井评价 ——以沁水盆地南部3#煤层为例

本文以沁水盆地南部樊庄区块下二叠统山西组的3#煤层为研究对象,基于区域地质背景和储层特征的分析,综合利用测井数据、实验测试资料、常规显微镜观测以及扫描电镜观测等,尝试建立适合于本区实际情况的孔隙度、渗透率模型.研究认为,本区煤岩真实密度值变化范围大,网状裂隙发育.本文采用变煤岩骨架密度值法计算煤岩总孔隙度,以裂缝立方体模型迭代法计算煤岩裂缝孔隙度,进而求算裂缝渗透率.解释模型经研究区实际煤储层测井资料的处理解释之验证,达到了较高的精度.     

三大卫星导航系统在亚太低纬地区的定位精度分析

针对我国正在实施的自主发展、独立运行的北斗系统与国外已在运行的著名导航系统(美国全球定位系统、俄罗斯格洛纳斯卫星导航系统)在亚太低纬地区定位精度差异问题,提出了对这三个系统单点定位结果相互进行比对分析的研究思路。本文利用自主研发的单点定位程序对三系统在泰国春武里地区实测数据进行以下几方面的研究:全天实时可观测卫星数、单系统定位精度、组合系统定位精度以及不同权重对组合系统定位精度影响等。研究结果表明,北斗系统的定位内符合精度稍优于全球定位系统,外符合精度不如全球定位系统,北斗系统与全球定位系统的内外定位精度都明显优于格洛纳斯导航系统;相对于单系统,组合系统在定位稳定性方面有一定提高,但组合定位精度是否改善与单系统的卫星信号数目有关;不同权重的选择对组合定位精度有一定影响。本文的研究结果对促进北斗系统的海外应用具有一定的参考价值。     

脉冲星导航的相对论定位法(Ⅱ):4维时空的观测方程

现行X射线脉冲星导航方法中存在两种固有误差,源于推算太阳系质心在当前时刻接收脉冲的相位以及将航天器固有时转换成太阳系质心坐标时。针对这一情况,文章根据相对论定位系统的基本思想和后牛顿引力理论,导出了X射线脉冲星导航的4维观测方程。相对于现行的3维观测方程,新方法只需根据航天器测量脉冲轮廓的相位即可完成航天器定位,不必考虑太阳系质心处的光子到达时间因而不必推算该处观测者在当前时刻的脉冲轮廓相位;也不必进行航天器固有时与质心坐标时的转换因而不必预先估计航天器的运动状态。新方法简单易行,能够有效地减小测量误差,建议在X射线脉冲星导航中取代现行观测方程。     

广从断裂构造带上特大桥基础设计方案分析

广州街东高速公路流溪河特大桥穿过广州—从化断裂(以下简称广从断裂)。在鉴定断裂的运动学和动力学特征及其活动性特征的基础上,提出了断裂带上桥梁设计的一般原则,并对流溪河特大桥梁基础方案设计进行了分析研究,提出了基础设计方案。     

2011年渭河和汉江上游秋汛期环流特征及暴雨致洪成因

2021年汉江秋汛期出现了超20 a一遇的大洪水,其上游累计降雨量和丹江口水库累积来水量均突破其历史极值。如何有针对性做好气象保障服务,对气象部门而言是重大挑战。基于对2021年汉江异常秋汛水雨情特征的总结及其气象保障服务过程的回顾,指出汉江秋汛气象保障服务工作中存在的若干问题,提出不断提高汉江秋汛气象保障服务质量和效率的若干风险管理机制,可为今后做好汉江秋汛气象保障服务提供参考依据。

     

Uncertainty analysis of CO_2 flux components in subtropical evergreen coniferous plantation

We present an uncertainty analysis of ecological process parameters and CO2 flux components (Reco, NEE and gross ecosystem exchange (GEE)) derived from 3 years’ continuous eddy covariance meas-urements of CO2 fluxes at subtropical evergreen coniferous plantation, Qianyanzhou of ChinaFlux. Daily-differencing approach was used to analyze the random error of CO2 fluxes measurements and bootstrapping method was used to quantify the uncertainties of three CO2 flux components. In addition, we evaluated different ...     

Bottom water temperature measurements in the South China Sea,eastern Indian Ocean and western Pacific Ocean

文章报道了一批新的海底底水温度(BWT)数据,其中南海(SCS)158个站位、东印度洋(EIO)30个站位及西太平洋(WPO)37个站位。基于这批新的BWT数据,获得南海和西太平洋海域底水温度与水深经验关系,可为地球物理和物理海洋提供准确、可靠的海底温度边界。这将有助于海底油气资源调查与评估。同时,这批实测数据表明:1)水深超过3500m的海域,其底水温度在南海约为2.47℃,比东印度洋(～1.34℃)和西太平洋(～1.60℃)稍微偏高。这与大洋传送带模式所预测的情况比较吻合。该模式认为:低温高盐的海水,从北大西洋格陵兰岛和冰岛附近海域下沉到深层,然后向南流动,再与南极洲周围海域的低温高盐海水一同向北进入印度洋和太平洋。而南海是一个相对比较封闭的热带边缘海,其内部海水与印度洋和菲律宾海交换有限,导致海水温度整体高于印度洋和太平洋。2)台西南盆地水深在2700～3000m的部分站位,其底水温高达约3.00℃,明显高于其周边同水深海域底水温度(平均值约为2.33℃)。这可能是台西南盆地海底水热活动导致的结果。3)在东印度洋和西太平洋水深超过4800m海域,底水温度随着水压增大稍有升高,其升高率分别为10.6mK·MPa~(-1)和12.0mK·MPa~(-1)。这与理论估算的深层底水绝热压力温度梯度范围较为吻合。这也意味着东印度洋和西太平洋深层底水,主要由绝热自压作用导致其温度随着深度的增大而升高。     

GPS-RTK平面坐标转换方法研究

推导出GPS-RTK四参数平面相似转换模型的转换参数计算简化公式,研究了拟合点数及其分布对转换参数精度的影响,提出了改善转换精度的措施和方法.     

Correcting method of eddy covariance fluxes over non-flat surfaces and its application in ChinaFLUX

Although Eddy Covariance (EC) technique is one of the best methods for estimating the energy and mass exchanges between underlying surface and atmosphere in micrometeorology, errors and uncertainties still exist without necessary corrections. In this paper, we will focus on the effect of coordinate system on the eddy fluxes. Based on the data observed over four sites (one farmland site, one grassland site and two forest sites), the effects of three coordinate system transforming methods (Double Rotation-DR, Triple Rotation-TR and Planar Fit-PF)on the turbulent fluxes are analyzed. It shows that (i) the corrected fluxes are more or less than the uncorrected fluxes, which is related mainly to the sloping degree of surface, wind speed and wind direction; and (ii) pitch angle has a sinusoidal dependence on wind direction, especially in the regular sloping terrain; and (iii) PF method is something like the simplification of TR or DR,and there are not obvious distinctions in correction in sloping grassland and flat farmland, but PF method is not suitable for uneven and irregular forest sites.     

Soil respiration in tropical seasonal rain forest in Xishuangbanna, SW China

With the static opaque chamber and gas chromatography technique, from January 2003 to January 2004 soil respiration was investigated in a tropical seasonal rain forest in Xishuangbanna, SW China. In this study three treatments were applied, each with three replicates: A (bare soil), B (soil+litter), and C (soil+litter+seedling). The results showed that soil respiration varied seasonally, low from December 2003 to February 2004, and high from June to July 2004. The annual average values of CO2 efflux from soil respiration differed among the treatments at 1% level, with the rank of C (14642 mgCO2· m-2. h-1)＞B (12807 mgCO2· m-2. h-1)＞A (9532 mgCO2· m-2. h-1). Diurnal variation in soil respiration was not apparent due to little diurnal temperate change in Xishuangbanna. There was a parabola relationship between soil respiration and soil moisture at 1% level. Soil respiration rates were higher when soil moisture ranged from 35% to 45%. There was an exponential relationship between soil respiration and soil temperature (at a depth of 5cm in mineral soil) at 1% level. The calculated Q1o values in this study,ranging from 2.03 to 2.36, were very near to those of tropical soil reported. The CO2 efflux in 2003was 5.34 kgCO2· m-2. a-1 from soil plus litter plus seedling, of them 3.48 kgCO2· m-2. a-1 from soil (accounting for 62.5%), 1.19 kgCO2· m-2. a-1 from litter (22.3%) and 0.67 kgCO2·m-2. a-1 from seedling (12.5%).