Study of charge structure and radiation characteristic of intracloud discharge in thunderstorms of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

The comprehensive observations on lightning discharges were conducted in Naqu area of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in summer of 2002. The electric structures of thunderstorms and the characteristics of lightning discharges at initial stage were analyzed by using the observation data. The results show that most of intracloud (IC) lightning flashes were polarities inverted in thunderstorms with tripole electric charge structure and occurred between negative charge region located in the middle of the thunderstorm and positive charge region located at the bottom of the thunderstorm. The radiation characteristics of discharge processes in cloud with longer lasting time involved in Cloud-to-Ground (CG) lightning flashes were similar to that of IC discharges.A lot of radiation pulses were produced in these discharge processes. Because the IC discharges took place at the bottom of thundercloud and were near the ground, they may produce more serious damage to equipment on the ground therefore should not be neglected in lightning protection.     

计算机机房雷电感应防护工程方案

阐述了计算机机房综合防雷工程设计与实施的防护措施,为一般企业的计算机机房提供了雷电防护解决方案。     

湖北省山区与平原雷电分布及其参数特征

为进一步了解山区与平原雷电参数分布特征及其差异,为山区和平原地区雷电防护工程设计和雷击风险评估提供参考,根据湖北省ADTD地闪定位系统2006年12月至2016年12月监测的资料,采用数理统计方法,对山区和平原地区的地闪频次、极性、雷电流幅值和波头陡度等参数分布特征进行了对比研究。结果表明:①山区地闪密度略高于平原地区,平原正地闪百分比稍高于山区,近10年的正地闪百分比呈上升趋势。②正地闪平均强度山区比平原大1.16kA,负地闪平均强度山区比平原小3.67kA,平原总地闪平均强度比山区大3.46kA。③总地闪小雷电流幅值(I≤30kA)概率山区比平原大8.9%,大雷电流幅值(I100kA)概率平原比山区大0.6%。④山区正地闪平均陡度分别比负、总地闪平均陡度大2.44kA/μs和2.31kA/μs,平原正、负、总地闪平均陡度分别比山区大3.41kA/μs、5.77kA/μs和5.64kA/μs。可以得出,山区小雷电流绕击率大于平原,正地闪雷电感应的危害大于负地闪和总地闪;平原地区大雷电流反击率比山区大,雷电感应的危害大于山区。     

利用雷电定位系统进行电网雷击故障快速查询

At present, lightning is one of the 10 natural disasters, and it is also the top environmental factor of power interruption. It often causes huge losses to the electric system. The Wuhan High Voltage Institute of the State Grid Corporation of China and Huazhong University of Science and Technology have been researching and developing lightning location systems （LLSs） since the late 1980s. In the mid-1990s, a lightning detection network was created in 29 provinces and cities in China. It is primarily applied to rapidly find lightning accidents, which greatly reduces power interruption. Also, it ensures high efficiency and safe operation of the electricity system. Remarkable benefit is achieved. China＇s LLS went through an ＂orientation positioning - time difference positioning - integrated positioning＂ development process. The positioning precision, detection efficiency, degree of automation, practicability and applied range are improved. Also, a lightning information system plan of the national network has been implemented, which services the whole society.     

特殊建筑物雷击截收面积计算

从计算雷击截收面积的逻辑关系出发,以斜坡类建筑和圆顶形建筑两类特殊建筑为例,通过建立相关模型和数学公式,分析计算应从何位置按照何扩大宽度往外偏移能准确地求出截收面积。对于单檐斜坡类建筑、重檐建筑或古塔,根据房檐到屋脊（塔尖）的水平距离和垂直距离的关系,判断出应该按房檐还是屋脊（塔尖）偏移。对于圆顶形或椭圆顶形建筑,利用建筑屋顶的数学公式,建立了到圆心中轴线距离的数学公式,并对其求导数,得到了导数为0时点的横、纵坐标,此点即为偏移点位置,同时得到了对应的扩大宽度。利用AutoCAD偏移及求面积命令得到截收面积,为防雷设计及雷电灾害风险评估中雷击截收面积的准确计算提供参考。     

自动气象站的雷电防护措施

通过对2004年广西自动气象站受雷电灾害的原因分析,发现目前自动站的防雷装置在防护雷击电磁脉冲、雷电波侵入和高电位反击等方面存在着较严重的问题,因而提出相应的防护措施,建议在今后的自动气象站建设和维护工作中要注意系统性的雷电防护。     

田东35KV输电线路防雷设计分析

对广西田东县35KV输电线路进行防雷措施进行设计时,综合考虑当地气候、地形、环境等多种因素,并进行雷击风险评估工作,给出了最佳的防雷保护方案,从而有效地降低输电线路雷击跳闸率,减少雷电对电网安全运行的影响.     

雷电临近预警产品评估方法及其软件

为了适应雷电业务发展的需求,对已经投入业务运行试验的雷电临近预警系统的预警效果做出客观评估,中国气象科学研究院雷电物理和防护工程实验室开展了雷电临近预警产品评估方法的研究,并开发了配套的应用软件.评估方法通过雷电预警结果和实际监测结果的对比,得到命中率POD、虚警率FAR和TS评分三项指标,实现对雷电预警产品的评估.评估软件的实际运行表明:该方法不仅能够检验CAMS_LNWS预报雷电活动的能力,还能对预警方法的改进起到一定的指导作用,能够满足雷电业务产品评估的需要.     

一次全省性强雷暴天气的地闪特征

2009年6月26日浙江出现全省范围的雷暴天气,此次过程中出现的地闪频数是自2006年闪电定位系统建立以来出现最多的一次。利用闪电定位实测资料、加密雨量站雨量实况以及多普勒天气雷达产品,对这一过程的地闪特征进行了分析。结果表明:此次地闪以负地闪为主,负地闪广泛分布于25～55dBz雷电回波区域内,而正闪多出现在25～35dBz回波中;地闪多出现在回波发展和前进的一侧,且密集分布在回波的梯度最大处,强回波中心处地闪较少出现;在回波开始减弱到中心强度为35dBz左右的区域没有地闪发生。地闪频数与全省过程累积降水量有很好的相关性,地闪的出现及其频数的增加意味着影响某地的强对流风暴正在发展或正向本地移来,对于单站来说雨强峰值滞后于地闪频数峰值半个小时以上,对于全省累积降水量则提前1～2h。因此地闪资料可以作为强对流天气的短时强降水预报的预警依据。     

A Review of Atmospheric Electricity Research in China from 2011 to 2018

Atmospheric electricity research has been conducted actively in China, having profited from the development and application of high temporal and spatial resolution lightning detection and location technologies. This paper reviews the scientific advances made in the field of atmospheric electricity in China from 2011 to 2018, covering the following five aspects:(1)lightning detection and location techniques;(2) discharge processes and parameters associated with rocket-triggered lightning;(3) physical processes in natural lightning and attachment to the ground;(4) lightning activities and charge structure in different thunderstorms; and(5) effects of thunderstorms on the upper atmosphere. In addition, some outstanding questions for future research are outlined.