Effects of Initial Stresses in Tailored Pulse Loading Method

Based on the mechanism study of new well stimulation method—tailored pulse loading method, the effects of initial stresses in this method is further studied. The effects of initial stresses on the propagation velocities and directions of the cracks around a hole, especially on the energy dissipation in crack extension, are obtained through theoretical analysis, dynamic photo elasticity tests, high speed photography. And large coal specimen tests. These results provide a theoretical foundation for the practical applications of the tailored pulse loading method.     

Parsivel~激光降水粒子谱仪及其在气象领域的应用

降水粒子特性是大气运动和云内微物理过程的综合结果,在云降水物理及人工影响天气领域有着重要的意义。传统的测量方法不适合对大量数据分析寻找规律,德国OTT公司的Parsivel激光降水粒子谱测量系统可以较好解决自动测量难题。该仪器是以激光测量为基础的粒子测量传感器,采用平行激光束和光电管阵列结合,当有降水粒子穿越采样空间时,自动记录遮挡物的宽度,通过穿越时间计算降水粒子的尺度和速度,根据各种参数的综合信息对降水粒子进行分类,并能够以数字形式显示瞬时降水强度、降水粒子总数、累积降水量、降水时的能见度和雷达反射因子,以图形方式显示降水粒子尺度谱、速度谱、降水粒子分类且自动生成天气现象代码,实现天气现象的自动识别。激光降水粒子谱仪主要用于气象水文观测。在雷达气象学领域可用于Z/R关系的拟合修正,比传统的用雨量筒观测数据拟合效果好得多;由降水粒子谱仪测量雨滴的降落速度,可以对天气雷达垂直向上测量的粒子径向速度谱进行校正。人工影响天气的效果检验一直是一个难题,自然降水粒子谱分布形式与人工催化以后的降水粒子谱型理论上应当具有较大的差别,人工增雨作业降水滴谱变化物理响应和降水强度时间变化响应都有明显的区别。如果能够实时检测到这些差别,就能够充分说明人工催化的有效性。未来如果能够进行联网观测记录区域性降水、降雹,就有充分证据表明人影作业的有效性,在定量化作业效果评估以及灾害损失评估等方面应用潜力巨大。利用该仪器已经对一年的自然降水过程进行了连续观测,并将所获得的降水粒子谱、雨滴浓度值随时间变化状况与卫星反演的云顶有效粒子半径时间变化趋势进行了对比,发现有较好的一致性。     

The Bifurcation of the Topological Structure in the Sunspot's Electric Topological Current with Locally Gauge-invariant Maxwell-Chern-Simons Term

The topological structure of the electric topological current of the locally gauge invariant Maxwell-Chern-Simons Model and its bifurcation is studied. The electric topological charge is quantized in term of winding number. The Hopf indices and Brouwer degree labeled the local topological structure of the electric topological current. Using Φ-mapping method and implicit function theory, the electric topological current is found generating or annihilating at the limit points and splitting or merging at the bifurcate points. The total electric charge holds invariant during the evolution. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Typical basin-fill sequences and basin migration in Yanshan, North China--Response to Mesozoic tectonic transition

Basin-fill sequences of Mesozoic typical basins in the Yanshan area, North China may be divided into four phases, reflecting lithosphere tectonic evolution from flexure (T3), flexure with weak rifting (J1+2), tectonic transition (J3), and rifting (K). Except the first phase, the other three phases all start with lava and volcaniclastic rocks, and end with thick coarse clastic rocks and/or conglomerates, showing cyclic basin development rather than simple cyclic rift mechanism and disciplinary basin-stress change from extension to compression in each phase. Prototype basin analysis, based on basin-fill sequences, paleocurrent distribution and depositional systems, shows that single basin-strike and structural-line direction controlling basin development had evidently changed from east-west to northeast in Late Jurassic in the Yanshan area, although basin group still occurred in east-west zonal distribution. Till Early Cretaceous, main structural-line strike controlling basins just turned to northeast by north in the studied area.     

Study of charge structure and radiation characteristic of intracloud discharge in thunderstorms of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

The comprehensive observations on lightning discharges were conducted in Naqu area of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in summer of 2002. The electric structures of thunderstorms and the characteristics of lightning discharges at initial stage were analyzed by using the observation data. The results show that most of intracloud (IC) lightning flashes were polarities inverted in thunderstorms with tripole electric charge structure and occurred between negative charge region located in the middle of the thunderstorm and positive charge region located at the bottom of the thunderstorm. The radiation characteristics of discharge processes in cloud with longer lasting time involved in Cloud-to-Ground (CG) lightning flashes were similar to that of IC discharges.A lot of radiation pulses were produced in these discharge processes. Because the IC discharges took place at the bottom of thundercloud and were near the ground, they may produce more serious damage to equipment on the ground therefore should not be neglected in lightning protection.     

Reference value of old people''s hematocrit and geographical factors

1 IntroductionHematocrit is an important index of hemorheology. At present, it is difficult to achieve accuracy in clinical practice, because of the lack of a unified standard of the reference value of old people's hematocrit in China. Many researchers have measured the reference value of local old people's hematocrit[1-59]. No reports on the relationship between the reference values of old people's hematocrit and geographical factors have been found. By means of correlation and stepwise regr…     

优质人造金刚石合成工艺初探

采用二次和三次升压实验工艺 ,合成了高强度金刚石。选择不同的参数和工作点进行实验的结果 ,认为 B工艺为最佳工艺