工程物探方法在浅海域地质调查中的应用

通过对浅层地震、浅地层剖面、旁侧声纳、海磁等近几年应用较广的物探方法及其工程实例介绍，指出物探方法在浅海域地质调查中的优点及不足。     

城市防震减灾信息管理系统之研究

城市防震减灾信息系统是“数字福建”的一个组成内容。该文结合福建省城市防震减灾信息系统的建设工作 ,探讨了地理信息系统与防震减灾数值模型的集成方法 ,论述了城市防震减灾信息系统的结构、内容、功能和组织方式 ,分析了地震风险评估、建筑物易损性评价、生命与财产损失估算、救援与救灾管理调度等模型的集成方法 ,设计了城市防震减灾信息系统。     

SMBR中污染物处理效率随污泥浓度变化的数学模型

以一体式膜生物反应器(SMBR)对生活污水进行处理,研究不同水力停留时间(HRT)条件下污泥浓度对有机物去除率的影响,并对所得试验数据进行曲线拟合,建立有机物去除率与污泥浓度的数学模型。试验结果表明:在溶解氧(DO)浓度为2.0～3.0mg/L的条件下,HRT为3h、2h和1h时,有机物去除率(η)随着污泥浓度的增大而增大,但当污泥浓度增大到6000mg/L时,η增大趋势逐渐减小,并趋于稳定。有机物去除率与污泥浓度的数学模型表明:有机物去除率(η)与水力停留时间(τ)、进水COD浓度(S_o)和污泥负荷率(N_s)等主要运行参数有关,并可以通过调节运行参数τ、S_o和N_s来达到所需要的COD去除率。     

GEOLOGICAL MARKS OF A POSSIBLE EXTRATERRESTRIAL IMPACT EVENT ON THE BOUNDARY BETWEEN SINIAN/CAMBRIAN IN TIANMENSHAN IN WESTERN HUNAN

Geologic marks related to extraterrestrial impact events, such as impact split gravels, impact brecciate layers, impact dikes, microirghizites, microtektites, especially meteoritic residues, were discovered on the boundary between Sinian/Cambrian at Tianmenshan of Western Hunan, which may possibly demonstrate that an extraterrestrial impact event has ever occurred there on the S/C boundary.     

21世纪地震灾害的一些新特点

灾害定量化是地球科学、工程科学和社会经济科学的交叉领域。人口城市化是全球的发展趋势，特别在第三世界人口城市化的趋势越来越显著。和农村发生突发灾害农民可以很容易地进行自救和互救不同，城市居民对供水、供电、煤气、暖气、通讯和交通等基础设施有很大的依赖性，现代城市在抗御自然灾害方面，比过去任何时候都显得更加脆弱。通过统计，我们发现在灾害损失 L和表征社会财富的GDP之间存在着经验关系：L＝ a＋ b×GDP＋ c×GDP 2其中 a，b，c为正的常数。关系式表明，自然灾害造成的灾害增长要比GDP的增长要快。     

Simulation of oasis breeze circulation in the arid region of the Northwestern China

In this paper, the process of oasis-desert circulation (ODC) is simulated by MM5V3.5 model through designing an ideal oasis-desert scheme and assuming that initial atmosphere is at rest (V = 0). The findings showed that the key of forming special oasis boundary structure is the difference of energy and water between oasis and desert. The evaporation of oasis surface consumes heat energy, and the low temperature of oasis causes an oasis breeze circulation (OBC), which drives an ODC with a downdraft over the oasis and an updraft over the desert. Later, the cold, dry and stable boundary over oasis is gradually formed, on the contrary,the atmospheric boundary over desert on the edge of oasis is hot, humid and unstable and its height is about 600 hPa. The updraft over the desert forms a wet ring that acts as a vertical wall weakening the low-level moisture exchange between the oasis and desert. The downdraft of OBC increases the atmospheric stability that reduces the oasis evaporation. The low-level outflow from the oasis (into the desert) prevents the dry, hot air flowing from the desert into the oasis.Thus an oasis self-preservation mechanism may be formed due to OBC. The horizontal area influenced by oasis is twice as oasis area and the vertical range is four times as oasis. The ODC is strong in the daytime and reaches the strongest at 17:00, and the influenced area is the largest at 20:00.     

Study of charge structure and radiation characteristic of intracloud discharge in thunderstorms of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

The comprehensive observations on lightning discharges were conducted in Naqu area of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in summer of 2002. The electric structures of thunderstorms and the characteristics of lightning discharges at initial stage were analyzed by using the observation data. The results show that most of intracloud (IC) lightning flashes were polarities inverted in thunderstorms with tripole electric charge structure and occurred between negative charge region located in the middle of the thunderstorm and positive charge region located at the bottom of the thunderstorm. The radiation characteristics of discharge processes in cloud with longer lasting time involved in Cloud-to-Ground (CG) lightning flashes were similar to that of IC discharges.A lot of radiation pulses were produced in these discharge processes. Because the IC discharges took place at the bottom of thundercloud and were near the ground, they may produce more serious damage to equipment on the ground therefore should not be neglected in lightning protection.     

Sedimentary environment and development controls of the hydrocarbon source beds:Middle and Upper Proterozoic in northern North China

Problem on development control of marine source bed hold in Chinese petroleum industry progression. The Hongshuizhuang Formation,Tieling Formation and Xiamaling Formation in the Middle and Upper Proterozoic are important hydrocarbon source beds in northern North China, and investigation of their sedimentary environments and the controls has great significance for petroleum exploration in North China. Based on sedimentology (sequence stratigraphy), palaeoecology, sedimentary geochemistry, and sedimentary palaeogeography, their development pattern is discussed. All these studies indicate that the development controls of the hydrocarbon source beds include a favorite palaeogeographic location, exceeding propagation of biomes in low and middle latitudes, anoxic environments, enrichment of phosphorus element and the adsorption of clay minerals during the preservation of organic matter in the marine carbonates.     

运用改进系统建模法对南海气象数据的建模研究

在系统建模理论的基础上,运用改进的动态数据建模方法,对南海气象数据中的温度进行建模并验证了模型的适用性.根据模型推导出格林函数、逆函数和自协方差函数等,并讨论了南海气象数据中温度模型的稳定性、可逆性和合理性.对系统的频率特性和谱函数进行分析讨论,并给出建模过程中的一些图像.根据模型的适用性检验发现,对所研究的气象数据而言,ARMA(4, 3)模型是最合适的,具有平稳可逆性.所有的建模和分析过程在MATLAB上实现.实验结果表明这种建模方案简便易行,能够快速准确地确定系统的合理模型.