Sequence Stratigraphy of the Permian--Triassia Boundary Section of Changxing, Zhejiang, Southern China

Three third-order sequences and about one hundred high-frequency cycles or Milankovitchcycles within the Late Permian Changxingian to Early Triassic Griesbachian are identified in theMeishan Section of Changxing, Zhejiang Province, southern China, the candidate stratotype sec-tion of the global Permo-Triassic boundary, based on a detailed study of the biological,ecological and high-resolution allochthonous cyclic events, microfacies and depositional systems.Furthermore, the stacking pattern of the depositional systems across various Changxingian andGriesbachian sedimentary facies of the Lower Yangtze and the sequence stratigraphic frameworkare outlined with the Meishan section as the principal section. In this paper the habitat types offossil biota are applied to semiquantitative palaeobathymetry and the study of relative sea levelchanges.     

地史转折期的生态系

生态系的演变是地球各圈层系统耦合关系变化的直接标志。地史转折期的生态系具有复杂的生物内涵，在绝灭—残存—复苏过程中，各生物类别的演替遵循着一定的生存型式。大绝灭后生态系复苏的原动力是绝灭后迁入避难所的复活类型和大绝灭末期高压环境中产生的祖先类型的新生和辐射发展。全面了解绝灭后生态系的组成和结构，对于正确认识地史转折期，即圈层耦合结点处的地质作用型式和过程具有重要作用。     

Study of charge structure and radiation characteristic of intracloud discharge in thunderstorms of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

The comprehensive observations on lightning discharges were conducted in Naqu area of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in summer of 2002. The electric structures of thunderstorms and the characteristics of lightning discharges at initial stage were analyzed by using the observation data. The results show that most of intracloud (IC) lightning flashes were polarities inverted in thunderstorms with tripole electric charge structure and occurred between negative charge region located in the middle of the thunderstorm and positive charge region located at the bottom of the thunderstorm. The radiation characteristics of discharge processes in cloud with longer lasting time involved in Cloud-to-Ground (CG) lightning flashes were similar to that of IC discharges.A lot of radiation pulses were produced in these discharge processes. Because the IC discharges took place at the bottom of thundercloud and were near the ground, they may produce more serious damage to equipment on the ground therefore should not be neglected in lightning protection.     

Study of charge structure and radiation characteristic of intracloud discharge in thunderstorms of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

The comprehensive observations on lightning discharges were conducted in Naqu area of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in summer of 2002. The electric structures of thunderstorms and the characteristics of lightning discharges at initial stage were analyzed by using the observation data. The results show that most of intracloud (IC) lightning flashes were polarities inverted in thunderstorms with tripole electric charge structure and occurred between negative charge region located in the middle of the thunderstorm and positive charge region located at the bottom of the thunderstorm. The radiation characteristics of discharge processes in cloud with longer lasting time involved in Cloud-to-Ground (CG) lightning flashes were similar to that of IC discharges. A lot of radiation pulses were produced in these discharge processes. Because the IC discharges took place at the bottom of thundercloud and were near the ground, they may produce more serious damage to equipment on the ground therefore should not be neglected in lightning protection.     

环渤海地区海(咸)水入侵特征与防治对策

本文中阐述了环渤海沿海地区海（成）水入侵的主要方式、发展进程、影响因素等基本特征,提出海（成）水入侵的综合防治对策。研究区海（成）水入侵主要有面状、带状、脉状或树枝状和越流等4种入侵方式。气候、地形地貌、地质与水文地质是发生海（成）水入侵的基础条件,地下水超采等人类不合理工程经济活动是诱发海（成）水入侵的主要原因。通过调整产业结构、建立节水型社会体系,合理规划利用水土资源,建造阻成蓄淡工程,跨流域引水,以及建立健全监测预警系统等综合措施,防止海（成）水入侵的发展。     

Geological settings and metallogenesis of high-grade iron deposits in China

The predominant types of high-grade iron deposits in China include skarn, sedimentary metamorphic(banded ironformation, BIF-type), continental/submarine volcanic-hosted and magmatic Fe-Ti-Voxide deposits. Based on a comprehensive review of current studies on these deposits, this paper suggests that the oxygen concentration in atmosphere played an important role for the formation of BIFs, whereas the tectonic setting and deep magmatic differentiation processes are more important for the other types. Notably, both high temperature and high pressure experiments and melt inclusion studies indicate that during the differentiation, high temperature magmas could develop iron-rich magma via liquid immiscibility but not pure oxide melt("iron ore magma"). Fe-P melt could be generated directly by liquid immiscibility under hydrous and oxidized condition. The formation of high-grade iron deposits is mostly associated with the processes related to multiple stages of superimposition, e.g., desiliconization and iron enrichment, removal of impurity, and remobilization and re-precipitation of iron. According to the temporal evolution, the high-grade iron deposit could be divided into multi-episode superimposition type(temporally discontinuous mineralization) and multi-stage superimposition type(temporally continuous mineralization). The former is represented by the sedimentary metamorphic iron deposit, and the latter includes those related to magmatic-hydrothermal fluids(e.g., skarn,volcanic-hosted and magmatic types).     

ENSO事件对长江上游1470-2003年旱涝灾害影响分析

对长江上游旱涝灾害时间序列(1470-2003年)及SST指数序列(1868-2003年)作统计相关与谱分析,探讨了长江上游旱涝灾害与ENSO事件的遥相关关系.结果表明:长江上游旱涝灾害主周期要大于ENSO事件的主周期,前者主周期主要为16.69a,5.09a以及10.47a,而后者主周期主要为5a,～10～12年以及～10a.交叉谱分析结果表明,长江上游旱涝灾害与SST在约5a以及约10～12a周期上呈现出显著的相关性.可以认为ENSO事件发生周期与生存周期的长短直接影响着长江上游旱涝灾害发生的周期与频率,并在5a以及10～12a的周期上表现出高的统计相关性.SST指数与长江上游旱涝灾害相关分析表明,ElNiño事件的发生使长江上游发生旱灾机率增大,而LaNiña事件的发生则使长江上游发生涝灾的机率增大.     

西准噶尔恰达地区哈尔加乌组火山岩锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学及地质意义

恰达地区的二叠系哈尔加乌组火山岩分布于唐巴勒蛇绿岩带东侧、准噶尔盆地西南缘,主要岩性为灰绿色-紫红色(气孔)(杏仁)玄武岩-玄武安山岩-安山岩。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(296.6±8.1) Ma,MSWD=7.7(93%置信度),时代属早二叠世。地球化学研究表明:该火山岩属亚碱性系列,全碱含量较高(w(Na₂O+K₂O)=3.95%~6.39%)且相对富钠。轻稀土(LREE)相对富集((La/Yb)_N=3.49~14.66)且分馏较好((La/Sm)_N值均大于1.00(1.68~3.51)),重稀土分馏较差((Gd/Yb)_N=1.38~2.56)。仅部分样品有微弱的负铕异常(δEu=0.88~1.15)。微量元素具有大离子亲石元素(LILE)相对富集,高场强元素(HFSE)Nb、Ta相对亏损,Zr、Hf轻微富集的特征。综合火山岩的地球化学特征,结合相关构造判别图解及火山岩所处的区域地质背景,认为哈尔加乌组火山岩的形成背景以板内大陆环境为主,兼有部分弧火山岩的特征,形成于俯冲碰撞造山期后的区域伸展背景下,火山岩的岛弧特征是对碰撞前混染弧组分的继承。     

中国大陆壳体的区域元素丰度

中国大陆壳体由华夏壳体、西域壳体和藏南壳体构成。本文给出这３个壳体的质量模型和元素丰度,并从成矿元素,热源元素和镧系元素方面讨论它们的区域丰度特征。结论认为,它们的地球化学背景是各不相同的。     

方解石脉双晶纹方法在工程勘察中的应用

在工程区基岩被第四纪土、江水等覆盖的情况下，如何充分利用好获得的钻孔岩芯来分析断层的发育和活动性情况就显得非常重要。为此，地基勘察中引入一种显微构造分析方法，即方解石脉双晶纹分析方法。方解石脉双晶纹能解决断层的活动期次、每一期次的强度、断层应力场、断层性质、断层活动时的环境条件和最后一次活动的时代等问题。由于方解石脉双晶纹发育的广泛性，使之具有推广价值。