Smectite formation in metalliferous sediments near the East Pacific Rise at 13°N

A 43 cm long E271 sediment core collected near the East Pacific Rise(EPR) at 13°N were studied to investigate the origin of smectite for understanding better the geochemical behavior of hydrothermal material after deposition.E271 sediments are typical metalliferous sediments. After removal of organic matter, carbonate, biogenic opal,and Fe-Mn oxide by a series of chemical procedures, clay minerals(2 μm) were investigated by X-ray diffraction,chemical analysis and Si isotope analysis. Due to the influence of seafloor hydrothermal activity and close to continent, the sources of clay minerals are complex. Illite, chlorite and kaolinite are suggested to be transported from either North or Central America by rivers or winds, but smectite is authigenic. It is enriched in iron, and its contents are highest in clay minerals. Data show that smectite is most likely formed by the reaction of hydrothermal Fe-oxyhydroxide with silica and seawater in metalliferous sediments. The Si that participates in this reaction may be derived from siliceous microfossils(diatoms or radiolarians), hydrothermal fluids, or detrital mineral phases. And their δ30 Si values are higher than those of authigenic smectites, which implies that a Si isotope fractionation occurs during the formation because of the selective absorption of light Si isotopes onto Feoxyhydroxides. Sm/Fe mass ratios(a proxy for overall REE/Fe ratio) in E271 clay minerals are lower than those in metalliferous sediments, as well as distal hydrothermal plume particles and terrigenous clay minerals. This result suggests that some REE are lost during the smectite formation, perhaps because their large ionic radii of REE scavenged by Fe-oxyhydroxides preclude substitution in either tetrahedral or octahedral lattice sites of this mineral structure, which decreases the value of metalliferous sediments as a potential resource for REE.     

An Ecosystem Model Coupled with Nitrogen-Silicon-Carbon Cycles Applied to Station A7 in the Northwestern Pacific

A model based on that of Kishi et al. (2001) has been extended to 15 compartments including silicon and carbon cycles. This model was applied to Station A7 off Hokkaido, Japan, in the Northwestern Pacific. The model successfully simulated the observations of: 1. a spring bloom of diatoms; 2. large seasonal variations of nitrate and silicate concentrations in the surface water; and 3. large inter-annual variations in chlorophyll-a. It also reproduced the observed features of the seasonal variations of carbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO₂)—a peak in pCO₂ in winter resulting from deep winter convection, a rapid decrease in pCO₂ as a result of the spring bloom, and an almost constant pCO₂ from summer through fall (when the effect of increasing temperature cancels the effect of biological production). A comparison of cases with and without silicate limitation shows that including silicate limitation in the model results in: 1. decreased production by diatoms during summer; and 2. a transition in the dominant phytoplankton species, from diatoms to other species that do not take up silicate. Both of these phenomena are observed at Station A7, and our results support the hypothesis that they are caused by silicate limitation of diatom growth. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

由膨润土提铝残渣直接合成五配位体有机硅化合物

研究了以膨润土提铝残渣为原料，采用低温加热法直接合成有机硅化合物新方法。由实验确定了最佳的合成条件。用红外光谱法和X射线衍射法分析了合成产物的结构。结果表明，当以碱金属氢氧化物为介质时，合成的产物为五配位体有机硅化合物；在最佳合成条件下，钠盐和锂盐的收率分别为63．0％和44．9％。     

NHC硅化法及其应用

NHC硅化加固方法 ,已在数十项工程中推广应用 ,均取得满意效果 ,介绍了这一方法的作用原理及其特性 ,并列举了在几项工程中的应用实例。     

A Reflection on Mg, Cd, Ca, Li and Si Isotopic Measurements and Related Reference Materials

This contribution aims to report the reflections we had with the scientific community during two international workshops on reference materials for stable isotopes in Davos (2002) and Nice (2003). After evaluating the isotopic homogeneity of some existing reference materials, based on either certificates, literature data or specific inter-laboratory rounds, we confirm these as primary reference materials or propose new ones relative to which stable isotope compositions should be reported. We propose DSM-3 for Mg, NIST SRM 915a for Ca, L-SVEC for Li and NBS28 for Si. Cadmium does not yet have a well identified delta zero material, although three commercial mono-elemental Cd solutions have yielded the same isotopic composition relative to one another. In order to scale the linearity of any mass spectrometer, some secondary reference materials are also proposed: Cambridge-1 solution for Mg, the "Münster-Cd" and JEPPIM Cd solutions for Cd and the "Big Batch" silicate for Si. The team from Nancy propose to prepare a mixed spike solution for Li isotopes. Well-characterised natural samples such as ocean or continental waters, diatoms, sponges, rocks and minerals are needed to validate the entire analytical procedure, particularly to take into account the effect of sample mineralisation and of chemical manipulations for elemental separation prior to analysis.     

ICP-AES法测定金属硅中硼磷铝锰钙镁铁等28种微量和痕量元素

采用ICP-AES法对金属硅中的B、P、Al、Mn、Ca、Mg、Fe等28种微量和痕量元素进行分析。根据元素的化学性质制定预处理方法,优化ICP-AES光谱仪测试样品的最佳工作条件。在缺少金属硅标准物质的情况下,选择硅含量较高的国家一级岩石标准物质（GBW07106）进行试验,该标准物质的回收率在95.0%～104.4%之间,相对标准偏差RSD在0.21%～4.01%之间。实际分析工作表明,该方法准确、快速,符合DZ/T 0130—2006的要求。     

Nd:YAG纳秒激光诱导硅表面微结构的演化

利用Nd:YAG纳秒激光(波长为532和355 nm)对单晶硅在真空中进行了累积脉冲辐照,研究了表面微结构的演化情况.在激光辐照的初始阶段,532和355 nm激光脉冲均在硅表面诱导出了波纹结构,后者辐照硅表面后形成了近似同心但稍显混乱的环形波纹结构.随着脉冲数的增加,波纹结构逐渐演化为一种类似珠形的凹凸结构,最后形成准规则排列的微米量级锥形结构,该微结构的生长依赖于表面张力波和结构自组织.分析发现,形成的交叉环形结构主要是在355 nm激光辐照硅的过程中,表面张力波导致波纹结构部分叠加的结果.     

雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩中超高压矿物硅尖晶石的研究

从西藏雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带的罗布莎蛇绿岩的铬铁矿中，发现一个由70-80种奇异矿物组成的地幔矿物群，其中包括一种成分特殊的尖晶石类矿物。该种尖晶石呈包裹体分布在毒砂中，28粒该矿物的平均化学成分：Na2O 1.58％，MgO7．52％，Al2O3 36．59％，SiO2 44．45％，FeO 8．72％，并含少量CaO和TiO2。经激光拉曼谱仪测试，一部分颗粒具有Franclinite（锌铁尖晶石ZnFe2O4）拉曼谱。根据尖晶石结构和化学成分，可以得出两种分子式：（Mg0．52Na0．14Fe0.32Al0.74）1.72（Si2.00Al1.20）3.20O8和（Mg0.52Na0.14Fe0.32Si0.50）1.48相（Si1.50Al1.94）3．44O8。两种分子式都表明阳离子Si呈六配位占据尖晶石八面体晶格位置。Si离子呈六配位的硅酸盐。实验证明具有超高压性质，来自相当于过渡带400-670km的深部。表明西藏雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩（古大洋岩石圈）的岩浆活动达到过渡带。可能是地幔柱活动将硅尖晶石类等超高压矿物搬运到上地幔浅部的。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定键合用硅铝丝中硅铁铜

采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定硅铝丝（Al—1％Si）中Si及杂质元素Fe和Cu。确定了最少取样量和样品溶解方法，优化了元素分析谱线和仪器的测量条件。实验表明，方法的加标回收率为99％～1叭％，相对标准偏差（n=6）低于1．4％，Si、Fe、Cu的检出限分别为8．5、1．0和0．4μg／L。该方法应用于快速测定键合硅铝丝中的各种元素，结果满意。     

微波消解-等离子体发射光谱法同时测定水中硅铁钠

讨论使用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定水样中si、Fe、Na时，四种水样前处理方法对测试结果的影响。提出采用HNO3^-HF体系微波消解、H3BO3掩蔽HF的方法前处理水样，用等离子体发射光谱法可同时准确快速地测定水中Si、Fe、Na三种元素的含量。5次测定的相对标准偏差小于4％，加标回收率为89．2％-106％。