行星磁场与卫星引力及其相对运动的统计关系

从知道某些天体具有磁场起，人们就对其磁场的起源提出种种解释，例如有电池说，转子说，化石说，发电机说等等。但由于这些学说都分别与某些观测事实相抵触而未被公认，因此星球磁场的起源一直是未能解决的命题。余先河先生提出，星球的磁场起源可能与所受的引力有关，行星的磁场强度正比于其所受卫星的引力；正比于卫星与行星的引力连线转动的相对角速度。本文对这两方面的命题分别进行了相关分析，得到其相关系数分别为：ｒ＝０．８４８１和ｒ＝０．８４２５，它们都在ａ＝０．０１的信度水平上相关。结果表明余新河关于行星磁场起源的设想是有基础的。本文还对其统计结果和可能机制进行了讨论。     

今后几年的月球探测和月球科学

近年来月球探测已经进入了一个全新的时代。特别是 1 990年以来 ,多个月球探测计划已经被成功实现 ,而且另外还有多个探测计划也在准备当中 ,并将在未来的几年内发射升空。在这种背景之下 ,中国的航天机构和有关的科学家也开始积极酝酿和开发自己的月球探测计划。这些月球探测计划将利用卫星上搭载的各种仪器探测和测量月球的地质和地理特性、化学成分和矿物组成、月球物理学特征以及包含地球大气在内的地月空间环境和行星际空间环境 ;进一步研究月球的起源和演化 ,探明月面环境 ,研究太阳等离子体物理 ,提供月面天文台和月面长期科研基地的候选地址 ,调查月球上的可利用资源 ,为将来开发月球提供充实的背景资料。参与新一轮的月球探测同样也为中国天文学研究带来了新的机会。     

红藻分子生物学研究进展11分子系统学与进化

生物系统学即研究某种生物类型的起源、进化发展及各种间的亲源关系远近，系统学研究需要借助于一些标志，如最直接的形态学、繁殖特性、地理分布特性及同工酶、染色体、分子标记或几种标志的组合。     

对马暖流水起源的模糊分析

应用模糊集的数量指标分析方法和模糊识别的择近原理,采用1987年夏、冬季和1988年春、秋季“向阳红09”号黑潮调查资料,定量地分析了对马暖流水的源区的模糊特性及其起源.结论是:(1)对马暖流表层水位于其源区的强混合区中,其水体具有混合水的特性.(2)对马暖流水的来源一年四季不尽相同,具有复杂的结构.春季在近表层主要来源于东海沿岸水(包括东海陆架水),而东海混合水与黑潮表层水次之(属沿岸型);夏季由于表层盐度锋的影响,在近表层主要来源于黑潮表层水,而东海混合水次之(属黑潮型);在秋季与冬季,因大陆径流影响减弱,海水的对流与涡动混合逐步加剧,对马暖流表层水的来源呈现出东海型与黑潮型交错的复杂状态.此外,对马暖流深层水一年四季均由黑潮次表层水演变而来. 本文将水的混合性质与水的来源区别开来,以利于对传统的看法和近几年流行的新观点作进一步讨论.     

冬至初春黄海暖流的路径和起源

主要根据近几年来中韩黄海水循环动力学合作调查结果,结合有关观测资料,进一步分析了冬至初春黄海暖流的路径和起源.与以往类似研究不同的主要有两点:(1)初步探讨了黄海暖流路径的季节和年际变异,并指出这种变异与北向风的强弱密切相关;(2)通过分析济州岛西侧海域混合水的去向,进一步确认了部分混合水绕济州岛运行,并进入济州海峡这一事实.同时,初步揭示进入黄海的混合水,即黄海暖流水,含有更多的东海陆架水成分.     

Mineral provinces and matter provenance of the surficial sediments in the western Philippine Sea: implication for modern sedimentation in West Pacific marginal basin

The characteristics and distribution patterns of detrital minerals (0.063~0.125 mm) in marine sediments provide a significant indicator for the identification of the origin of sediment.The detrital mineral composition of 219 surface sediment samples was analysed to identify the distribution of sediments within the western Philippine Sea. The area can be divided into three mineral provinces: (I) province east of the Philippine Trench, the detrital minerals in this province are mainly composed of calcareous or siliceous organisms, with the addition of volcanogenic minerals from an adjacent island arc; (II) middle mineral province, clastic minerals including feldspar, quartz and colorless volcanic glass, sourced from seamounts with intermediate-acid volcanic rock, or erupting intermediate-acid volcano; (III) province west of the Palau—Kyūshū Ridge, the matter provenance within this province is complex; the small quantity of feldspar and quartz may be sourced from seamounts or erupting volcano with intermediate-acid composition, with a component of volcanic scoria sourced from a volcano erupting on the Palau—Kyūshū Ridge. it is suggested that, (1) Biogenic debris of the study area is closely related to water depth, with the amount of biogenic debris controlled by carbonate lysocline. (2) Volcaniclastic matter derived from the adjacent island arc can be entrained by oceanic currents and transported towards the abyssal basin over a short distance. The weathering products of volcanic rocks of the submarine plateau (e.g.,Benham Plateau) and adjacent ridges provide an important source of detrital sedimentation, and the influence scope of them is constrained by the intensity of submarine weathering. (3) Terrigenous sediments from the continent of Asia and the adjacent Philippine island arc have little influence on the sedimentation of this study area, and the felsic mineral component is probably sourced from volcanic seamounts of intermediate-acid composition.     

南海热带海洋化学元素与地球起源理论——次生星云说

康德—拉普拉斯的“原始星云说”是风靡世界的地球起源理论，该理论主张地球是从“原始星云”转化而来的。笔者对此理论明确提出质疑。阐述了南海化学元素的多样性及其来源，以及在星云中发生的合成元素的核过程，据此指出，地球全部海洋化学元素是在星体演化的不同阶段、不同类型核反应的综合产物，而绝非简单地从康德—拉普拉斯的“原始星云”中产生的；也就是说，是另一颗恒星或超新星聚变爆发形成的次生星云创造了地球。     

从文昌鱼个体发生谈脊椎动物起源

脊椎动物是从哪一类无脊椎动物进化来的？由无脊椎动物进化到脊椎动物又是怎样发生的？有关脊椎动物起源的问题一直是生物学家感兴趣的问题。这可能不仅因为脊椎动物起源代表动物进化过程中一次质的飞跃——由无脊椎骨到有脊椎骨和由无背神经索到有背神经索，而且因为有关脊椎动物起源涉及我们人类自身起源的问题。关于脊椎动物起源，目前为大多数学者接受的观点是由Ｇａｒｓｔａｎｇ（１８９４）提出的，即头索动物文昌鱼和脊椎动物亲缘关系最近，文昌鱼和脊椎动物始祖相似，也可以说文昌鱼是脊椎动物始祖的现存代表（Ｊｏｌｌｉｅ，１９８…     

辽宁北票早白垩世义县组松柏类金钱松属（Pseudolarix）的发现及其起源与演化意义

报导辽宁北票下白垩统义县组尖山沟层松柏类金钱松属一新种Pseudolarix gaoi sp. nov. 和一个新联合种Pseudolarix chilitica (Sun et Zheng) Zheng, comb. nov.,前者是一个保存较好的带叶小枝,具长枝和短枝,长枝又可分为主枝和侧枝, 侧枝长短不一,其上着生有许多呈螺旋状排列的桶状短枝;叶在短枝上簇生,线形或披针状线形,扁平,上表面中脉不隆起,下表面沿隆起的中脉有两条气孔带;气孔为单唇式,极副卫细胞为伸长的长方形.后者是以分散保存的Schizolepis式的雌球果和果鳞、Pityospermum 式的翅籽、着生于短枝末端上的雄球果以及 Pityocladus 式的带叶小枝为代表.上述两种松柏类化石可能代表仅幸存于中国南方现生金钱松属单型种Pseudolarix amabilis (Nelson) Rehd. 的先驱分子.有一部分Schizolepis式的雌球果可能与金钱松属的起源与演化有关.     

The ＂CO2-rich gas vents＂ of Mt. Amiata volcano （Tuscany, Central Italy）： Geochemistry,genetic mechanism and hazard evaluation

Mt. Amiata （Southern Tuscany, Central Italy） is an extinct Quaternary volcano located in an area still marked by high heat-flow that is caused by deep seated （6-10 km） hot masses related to Pliocene magmatic activity. The anomalous geothermal gradient gives rise, within the Mesozoic limestone formation （Tuscan series）, to geothermal systems that fed the Ca-SO4 thermal springs characterizing this area. Besides of thermal fluids, several cold, dry CO2-rich gas emissions seep out on the NE flank of the volcano. These gas vents mostly consist of large sub-circular craters at variable depth and diameter （5-15 m and 10-50 m, respectively）, and represent a serious hazard for the local population, as testified by the several asphyxia casualties that have been repeatedly occurred within these morphological depressions. In this work, the chemical and isotopic compositions of the Mt. Amiata ＂CO2-rich gas vents＂ and the estimation of both the CO2 flux from the soil and the CO2 distribution in air of their surroundings, has been carried out in order to： （1） assess the origin of gases, （2） recognize the mechanism of formation for these gas emissions and their relationship with local tectonics, and （3） to evaluate the CO2 hazard in the high flux emanations. The chemical composition of the gases is largely dominated by CO2 （up to 98 % by vol） and shows relatively high concentrations of N2, CH4 and H2S （up to 1.1%, 0.9% and 3.9 % by vol, respectively）. These features, coupled with the carbon and nitrogen isotopic signatures, suggest that the origin of the main gas compounds may be related to the contribution of deep （i.e., thermometamorphic processes on carbonate formations for CO2） and shallow （i.e. thermal decomposition of organic material for CH4, N2 and H2S） sources.