Dynamic data integration for structural modeling: model screening approach using a distance-based model parameterization

This paper proposes a novel history-matching method where reservoir structure is inverted from dynamic fluid flow response. The proposed workflow consists of searching for models that match production history from a large set of prior structural model realizations. This prior set represents the reservoir structural uncertainty because of interpretation uncertainty on seismic sections. To make such a search effective, we introduce a parameter space defined with a “similarity distance” for accommodating this large set of realizations. The inverse solutions are found using a stochastic search method. Realistic reservoir examples are presented to prove the applicability of the proposed method.     

A new technique for determining the surface level of salt marshes and other uncompacted sedimentary environments

The method described involves the use of an electro-optical distance measurer mounted on a theodolite. Observations are taken onto a series of acrylic reflectors, aligned at right angles to the line of sight, and slope distances and vertical and horizontal angles are recorded. From these data it is possible to obtain surface heights to an accuracy of ±0·5 cm at 200 m and to avoid any direct disturbance of the site under investigation.     

单波高精度测距系统的研究

本文介绍了测距精度优于１０＾－６的自动高精度测距系统的构成、原理及春应用。     

中国大陆地震(M_s≥6.0)震中与其发震断层距离的统计分析及其在确定潜在震源区边界中的应用

本文通过中国大陆地震(M≥6.0)震中与其发震断层的距离的统计与分析,认为该距离的分布基本上符合正态分布特征,并经拟合计算得到中国东部和西部地区不同类型断层上不同震级档的地震震中距离分布的期望值和方差。根据正态分布随机变量的区间估计方法,讨论了统计分析的结果在潜在震源区边界的确定、以及边界的不确定性评价中的应用。     

马氏距离综合异常评价方法在青海省门县西河坝地区1∶5万水系沉积物测量中的运用

马氏距离（Mahalanobis distance）是一种有效的计算样本集间相似度的方法。它不受量纲的影响,可以排除变量之间的相关性的干扰,且通常能夸大变化微小的变量的作用。由于化探数据信息量大,计算繁琐,该方法在实际生产应用较少。借助强大的数学运算软件Matlab,能实现快速计算马氏距离,结合Mapgis等相关的GIS平台,可以快速圈定综合异常并能很好的强化具一定找矿前景的弱小异常,为下一步异常查证起到快速有效的指导作用。依据青海省门源县西河坝地区1∶5万水系沉积物测量的数据成果,通过与传统综合异常圈定方法进行对比,马氏距离圈定综合异常具一定的优势。     

长输管道局部腐蚀体积型缺陷逐次评价

局部腐蚀包括缝隙腐蚀、应力腐蚀、腐蚀磨损、氢腐蚀,H2S应力腐蚀和氢腐蚀是长输管道最容易发生的一种局部腐蚀方式。针对长输管道易发生局部腐蚀的特点,参考其他管道评价方法,根据现场管道的安全状况,提出了适用于现场的含局部腐蚀体积型缺陷管道的三步评价法。该方法不需要考虑管道的腐蚀裕量,简化公式,便于现场计算。     

流星雷达测距精度的改进

针对目前流星雷达测距误差大的问题，本文提出了提高流星雷达测距精度的新方法，即提高采样速率，用相关分析确定回波脉冲参考点的方法。该方法使流星雷达的测距精度提高一个数量级，测距误差降到±１４ｍ，使流星雷达不仅可以用来观测研究流星，还可用于监测飞机、火箭的飞行等，扩大流星雷达的应用。     

基于Micromine的赞比亚西北省希富玛铜矿床资源量估算

赞比亚西北省希富玛铜矿床是中矿资源勘探股份有限公司在"走出去"战略背景下取得的一个勘探找矿成果。文章基于Micromine三维矿业软件平台,建立了希富玛铜矿床地质数据库,并对矿体进行了地质解译及圈定,同时结合矿区的一个矿体,介绍了采用距离反比加权法进行资源量估算的原理和流程。     

NGC 1624 (OCl 403, Cr 53) – A very young open cluster

We present the first CCD photometric UBVRI observations of the not-so-well-studied open cluster NGC 1624 (OCl 403, Cr 53; α₂₀₀₀ = 04 h 40 m 36 s; δ₂₀₀₀ = + 50^˚ 27^′ 42″ Trumpler class = I 2 p N). This cluster was observed on 01 February 2004 with the 2 m Himalayan Chandra Telescope at Hanle using a LN2 cooled 2k × 2k CCD. The cluster presents differential reddening with E(B-V) values ranging from 0.70 to 0.90 mag, which could be attributed to the presence of the HII region wherein the cluster is embedded. It is found to be at a distance of 6.025 ± 0.5 kpc and the age of this cluster is estimated to be ∼3.98 × 10⁶ years. In view of these parameters, it can be considered as a young enough cluster located in the direction of the Perseus constellation with the galactic coordinates of l = 155^˚.35 and b = + 02 ^˚.58. Thus it could also be used as a suitable candidate for tracing the Outer Perseus spiral arm of our Galaxy. The initial mass function slope is derived as 1.65 ± 0.25 by applying the corrections for field star contamination and data incompleteness. This is in good agreement with the Salpeter value within the limits of errors.     

Critical distances: Comparing measures of spatial accessibility in the riverine landscapes of Peruvian Amazonia

Quantitative measures of accessibility are increasingly used in land cover change modeling and in assessing human pressure on the environment. In riverine Amazonia the significance of physical accessibility for biodiversity, land use patterns and economic livelihoods is widely acknowledged, but attempts to quantify accessibility in practice have been few in number. In this study we compare different distance- and frequency-based measures of spatial accessibility and develop a quantitative model of accessibility patterns for the north-eastern Peruvian Amazonia where rivers form the core of the transportation network. We model accessibility between the rural areas of the Loreto region and the capital city of Iquitos, using different distance algorithms in a geographic information system, and complement the distance model with information on river boat frequencies and transport capacities. Patterns of accessibility are visualized in terms of potential production zones for different types of agricultural and non-timber forest products.This study demonstrates how results from different accessibility measures vary considerably. The mean Euclidean distance to Iquitos is almost 270 km, the mean network distance nearly 760 km and the mean travel time 70 h. Observed network distances from validation points to Iquitos are on average 1.6 times longer than Euclidean distances, and for the whole study area, the average ratio between modeled network distances and Euclidean distances is 3.1. The correlation between network distances and time distances is very strong, but time distances are relatively shorter along the major channels where boat traffic is considerably faster than along narrow, tightly meandering rivers. Measures of boat frequency and transport capacity show that availability of transport possibilities is highly varying across the region. These measures provide insights into the ’thickness’ of trade, indicating the level of market integration for riverine settlements. We conclude that quantifying accessibility in an environment like Peruvian Amazonia requires measures that take into account the spatial structure and dynamic nature of the riverine transportation network. Time as a unit of distance provides the most relevant measure of accessibility in the Amazonian context, where many human actions and traditional livelihoods are controlled by travel times between the regional core and the hinterland.