新疆库鲁克塔格地区二叠纪脉岩群岩石地球化学特征，Nd、Sr、Pb同位素组成与岩石成因

库鲁克塔格地区二叠纪脉岩群非常发育,主要岩石类型是辉绿岩,并有少量的斜闪煌斑岩、斜长玢岩和花岗斑岩。花岗斑岩属高钾钙碱性系列,具有A型花岗岩的稀土元素和微量元素地球化学特征;斜长玢岩的地球化学特征与花岗斑岩相似,二者都亏损U、Nb、Ta。斜闪煌斑岩的岩石化学组成属过碱性系列,显著富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素。辉绿岩的岩石化学组成以钙碱性系列为主,稀土元素总量变化较大,Cs、Rb、Ba、Th元素丰度变化大,普遍亏损U、Nb、Ta。研究证明,辉绿岩脉的这些地球化学特征都与同化混染作用有关,大离子亲石元素丰度的变化还与热液蚀变有关。辉绿岩具有富集型Nd、Sr同位素组成,且变化范围大,是岩浆源区同化混染作用的结果。它们的铅同位素组成属低U(Th)/Pb值的正常铅,主要受混染物控制,并不代表源区特征。库鲁克塔格地区岩石圈地幔Nd、Sr、Pb同位素比塔里木板块西缘岩石圈地幔的富集程度更高,且变化范围大,反映了这两个地区岩石圈地幔的演化历史存在明显差异。     

Division of Gas Accumulation System and Laws Controlling Distribution of Natural Gas in Typical Petroliferous Basins of China

Considering the existing problems of the petroleum system, this paper brings forward the concept of natural gas accumulation system and presents the dividing principles. Then detailed statistics on the accumulation factors of the 32 typical natural gas accumulation systems in China and studies on the laws controlling distribution of gas are collected. The research shows that the petroleum accumulation system is the basic unit controlling petroleum generation, migration and accumulation. Generating intensity, generating amount, accumulating efficiency and migration distance plays an important role in the distribution of natural gas. Through analysis on results of resources evaluation, discovered reserves and residual reserves, potential areas in middle-scaled petroliferous basins in China are forecasted in this paper. Ordos, Sichuan, Tarim and Qaidam basins are found out to be the main basins developing and enriching gas accumulation systems.     

利用GLAS激光测高数据评估DSM产品质量及精度优化

提出了一种利用卫星激光测高数据直接优化提升数字表面模型（DSM）产品精度的方法。选取境外中亚地区的资源三号DSM开展试验，通过采用多准则约束方法提取激光高程控制点，分别利用偏度、中值、线性、二次多项式等进行DSM误差修正，发现4种模型均能有效消除DSM系统误差，其中基于二次多项式的方法更适用于平地和丘陵地貌，线性模型更适用于高山地貌。试验验证了采用卫星激光测高数据优化境外DSM技术流程的可行性，最终可提高DSM的绝对高程精度。     

资源三号卫星影像融合优化方法探讨

针对资源三号卫星影像如何进行影像融合、波段组合才能到达到最佳视觉效果还没有统一意见的问题,该文提出了利用目前测绘项目中普遍采用的融合算法、波段组合比例对不同地形类别资源三号卫星影像进行实验验证的方法。综合主观评价与客观评价融合后的影像质量,得出了Subtractive、Pansharp和Pansharp2方法较为适合资源三号卫星影像融合的结论,其中绿波段与近红外波段的最佳组合比为9∶1。同时,分析了资源三号卫星影像融合后数据量大大增加、如何将近红外波段的波谱信息合理地加入到红、绿、蓝波段中等问题。     

基于CFD的单个建筑物风场模拟参数选择

运用流体力学软件FloEFD对沽源单个建筑物周围的风场进行数值模拟。通过不断改变模型中计算参数的设置进行一系列模拟试验,对比模拟试验结果,并与观测资料进行比较,分析不同计算参数对模拟结果的影响,并获得适用于该模型的最佳参数。主要研究的计算参数包括计算域高度,初始网格等级,局部初始网格等级和不同平均风速剖面形式。结果表明:计算域高度从3倍建筑物高度开始,空腔区的长度、漩涡中心位置以及再发展区的边界位置基本保持稳定。随着初始网格等级的增加,空腔区的长度、再发展区的边界位置及计算时间逐渐增大。局部初始网格等级对模拟结果影响不显著。以两种不同平均风速剖面形式进行模拟,迎风漩涡长度不同,背风面影响不大。与观测资料比较显示,最优参数组合为:计算域高度为3倍建筑物高度,初始网格等级为4、局部初始网格等级为4、平均风速剖面形式为指数律。     

Analysis of the microseismicity characteristics in landslide dam failure flume tests: implications for early warning and dynamics inversion

Landslides - Determining the premonitory and dynamic characteristics of landslide dam failures can provide an early warning as well the identification of the evolution of the failure process, and...     

Understanding the dynamical-microphysical-electrical processes associated with severe thunderstorms over the Beijing metropolitan region

The Dynamical-microphysical-electrical Processes in Severe Thunderstorms and Lightning Hazards(STORM973)project conducted coordinated comprehensive field observations of thunderstorms in the Beijing metropolitan region(BMR)during the warm season from 2014 to 2018.The aim of the project was to understand how dynamical,microphysical and electrical processes interact in severe thunderstorms in the BMR,and how to assimilate lightning data in numerical weather prediction models to improve severe thunderstorm forecasts.The platforms used in the field campaign included the Beijing Lightning Network(BLNET,consisting of 16 stations),2 X-band dual linear polarimetric Doppler radars,and 4 laser raindrop spectrometers.The collaboration also made use of the China Meteorological Administration’s mesoscale meteorological observation network in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.Although diverse thunderstorm types were documented,it was found that squall lines and multicell storms were the two major categories of severe thunderstorms with frequent lightning activity and extreme rainfall or unexpected local short-duration heavy rainfall resulting in inundations in the central urban area,influenced by the terrain and environmental conditions.The flash density maximums were found in eastern Changping District,central and eastern Shunyi District,and the central urban area of Beijing,suggesting that the urban heat island effect has a crucial role in the intensification of thunderstorms over Beijing.In addition,the flash rate associated with super thunderstorms can reach hundreds of flashes per minute in the central city regions.The super(5%of the total),strong(35%),and weak(60%)thunderstorms contributed about 37%,56%,and 7%to the total flashes in the BMR,respectively.Owing to the close connection between lightning activity and the thermodynamic and microphysical characteristics of the thunderstorms,the lightning flash rate can be used as an indicator of severe weather events,such as hail and short-duration heavy rainfall.Lightning data can also be assimilated into numerical weather prediction models to help improve the forecasting of severe convection and precipitation at the cloud-resolved scale,through adjusting or correcting the thermodynamic and microphysical parameters of the model.     

基于Albedo-NDVI特征空间的玛曲县荒漠化时空动态监测

开展荒漠化时空动态监测是荒漠化防治的一项重要基础工作。以地处青藏高原东北缘的甘肃省玛曲县为例,以该县2001年、2005年、2010年的TM影像和2015年的HJ-1影像为数据来源,利用Albedo-NDVI特征空间法,从整体到局部,分别对该县全区域及其黄河沿岸地区不同尺度区域近15年的土地荒漠化进行了监测和时空动态分析。研究结果表明：Albedo-NDVI特征空间法能便捷、有效、精确地对荒漠化信息进行提取和分级,有利于荒漠化的定量分析与监测;玛曲县近15年来实施的生态恢复工程效果显著,该县荒漠化状况有所改善,荒漠化土地的面积持续减小,程度不断降低,主要发生“轻度荒漠化土地向非荒漠化土地”的转移;但是由于沙源丰富、人口密集以及过度放牧等原因,玛曲县黄河沿岸5 km带状区域荒漠化以“非荒漠化土地向轻度荒漠化土地”转移为主,荒漠化状况较全县整体水平严重,并且仍有不断恶化的趋势。     

人居环境气候舒适度对城市创新的影响分析

以中国创新水平较高的91个地级及以上城市为研究对象,探讨人居环境气候舒适度对城市创新的影响程度。以城市发明专利申请数代表城市创新水平,采用温湿指数和风效指数的组合模型,参照相应的分级标准计算各城市年气候舒适期,分析城市人居环境气候舒适度与城市创新的关系。结果表明:气候舒适期每增加1%,发明专利申请数仅平均增加0.012%,相对于GDP、R&D人员全时当量、R&D经费等影响城市创新的关键因素,城市人居环境气候舒适度对城市创新有一定影响,但影响并不十分显著。因此,创新政策的着眼点在于关注城市创新投入、人力资本、经济规模等影响城市创新的关键因素。在此基础上,创新布局也应考虑人居环境气候舒适度因素。     

东北地区城市经济联系的空间格局及其演化

基于空间相互作用的重力模型、潜能模型、隶属度模型等方法,以东北地区41个城市为研究对象,定量分析1992~2012年东北地区城市经济联系的空间格局及其演化。研究结果表明：经济联系强度与区域空间结构关系密切;东北地区经济联系强度南方高于北方、中部地区高于两侧,时空差异明显;近20 a来,以沈阳、长春、哈尔滨为代表的区域性经济发展格局基本形成,区域中心城市没有变化,但最大引力联结城市变化明显;最后,提出了流域型城市及其格局的概念,并进行了具体分析。