南极格罗夫山陨石的磁化率

我国在南极格罗夫山发现并收集到大量南极陨石,需要一种无损、快速简单的分类方法。陨石磁化率(χ)的主要贡献是其中的铁镍金属,因而有可能成为一种简便有效的分类参数。同时,磁化率是陨石的一个重要物理参数。我们在国内首次开展陨石磁化率的研究,通过对模拟陨石磁化率样品的测量,证明可以通过不同取向的测量平均,将样品的大小和形状等几何因素的影响减小在仪器的测量精度范围之内。完成了首批613块南格格罗夫山陨石的磁化率测量,除普通球粒陨石外,还包括火星陨石、灶神星陨石、碳质球粒陨石、中铁陨石、橄榄陨铁、橄辉无球粒陨石等特殊类型。根据质量磁化率,可以划分大部分H、L、LL群陨石。特别重要的是,磁化率对于划分非平衡的普通球粒陨石化学群提供了更为可靠的参数。格罗夫山H群陨石的磁化率分布与南极其他地区的陨石十分相似,二者相对降落型陨石均向低质量磁化率方向平移0.2（logχ, 10^-9m³/kg）,反映了风化作用对南极陨石磁化率的平均影响程度;格罗夫山L群陨石的质量磁化率分布同样较降落型陨石偏低0.2左右,但南极其他地区的陨石与沙漠陨石的磁化率分布相似,二者均更为离散和偏低,可能反映了不同的风化程度。     

100块南极格罗夫山陨石的化学-岩石类型

本文报道100块南极格罗夫山陨石的岩矿特征,以及它们的化学群和岩石类型。分类结果共发现4块特殊类型陨石,包括1块CM2型碳质球粒陨石(GRV050179),1块钙长辉长无球粒陨石(GRV051523),1块橄辉无球粒陨石(GRV 052382)和1块中铁陨石(GRV 050212)。GRV050179大部分球粒直径小于300μm,基质/球粒体积百分比为6∶1,且具有强烈的水蚀变特征,形成大量层状硅酸盐和PCP(Poor Characterized Phases)集合体。GRV 052382的橄榄石具有还原边,内部重结晶。橄榄石和辉石之间的富碳填隙物含有金刚石。GRV 050212的金属含量为12.3 vol%,其中的低钙辉石FeO/MnO质量百分比为30.0,而GRV 051523中辉石的FeO/MnO质量百分比为28.7-30.9,两者均与HED(Howardites-Eucrites-Diogenites)族陨石一致。普通球粒陨石有93块,其中5块属于非平衡型普通球粒陨石。依据橄榄石Fa的相对标准偏差(PMD)可以进一步划分这些非平衡型普通球粒陨石的亚型[1],其结果为:GRV 050165和GRV053167为3.5型,GRV050189、GRV050200和GRV050404为3.4型。88块平衡型普通球粒陨石包括低铁群(L)54块,高铁群(H)34块,与南极横贯山脉的陨石相比,L群所占比例明显偏高,且缺失LL群。另有3块小样品主要由金属和少量硅酸盐组成,其铁纹石的钴含量和橄榄石的Fa值分别落在H和L群范围。虽然这3块样品的金属含量类似铁陨石,但实际上很可能是普通球粒陨石中脱落的较大的金属团块。93块普通球粒陨石中有22块样品很新鲜(W1),金属和硫化物几乎很少遭受氧化,61块样品的金属和硫化物遭受明显氧化(W2),仅10块样品的金属和硫化物被强烈氧化(W3)。     

基于基因组survey的横带髭鲷(Hapalogenys analis)微卫星位点筛选与特征分析

探究横带髭鲷(Hapalogenysanalis)的种质资源情况以及群体的遗传多样性和遗传结构,对于其增养殖实践尤为重要。微卫星分子标记在研究物种种质情况及遗传信息方面有很大优势。采用基因组survey测序方法开发横带髭鲷微卫星位点,结果表明,横带髭鲷基因组大小为543Mb;微卫星位点丰富,共检测到280 378个完美型微卫星位点,相对丰度为415.17个/Mb。二核苷酸重复是最丰富的微卫星类型(56.05%),其次为单核苷酸(29.20%)、三核苷酸(10.28%)、四核苷酸(2.99%)、五核苷酸(1.03%)、六核苷酸(0.45%)重复,短序列重复类型占95.53%。重复单元中A/T, TG/CA为优势重复单元,分别占总微卫星位点数的22.37%和21.98%;10次重复和6次重复的微卫星位点数量最多,占横带髭鲷基因组微卫星总数的14.60%和12.46%。利用筛选出的20对多态性微卫星位点扩增一个供试群体进行群体遗传学检测。结果表明,各位点等位基因数从5到13不等,均值为8.75个;平均观测杂合度(Ho)和期望杂合度(He)分别为0.808和0.863;多态信息含量(PIC)均...     

基于遥感反演的山东半岛东北部海域悬浮体时空变化规律探讨

基于2003—2018年中分辨率成像光谱仪(moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer,MODIS)卫星遥感影像资料,结合2018年春季、夏季和冬季大面站悬浮体取样分析结果,构建了表层悬浮体浓度遥感反演模型;在此基础上,分析了山东半岛东北部海域年际和月份表层悬浮体浓度时空分布规律,探讨了表层悬浮体浓度变化的主控因素和水体结构季节变化及其对悬浮体分布输运的影响。结果表明:山东半岛东北部海域表层悬浮体总体呈近岸高远岸低的分布特征,东部成山头区域悬浮体浓度较高且向海扩散较远,西部威海湾及外侧海域悬浮体浓度较低且扩散范围小于东部。研究区悬浮体浓度季节性变化显著但对应季节年度变化较小,冬季悬浮体浓度达到最大,春秋季次之,夏季最低。研究区春季、秋季和冬季表层悬浮体浓度主要受控于北向风浪和潮流,而夏季悬浮体浓度主要受潮流控制。夏季,温跃层阻碍了悬浮体垂向扩散,导致表层悬浮体浓度极低;冬季,研究区东部成山头附近水平分布的弱温跃层虽然会在一定程度上抑制悬浮体的再悬浮,但再悬浮扩散仍是造成研究区高悬浮体浓度的主要因素。山东半岛东北部存在类似"夏储冬输"的特征,海底沉积物再悬浮物质及成山头附近悬浮体的水平扩散是研究区悬浮体的主要来源。     

GRV 051523： A new eucrite

Grove Mountains (GRV) 051523 is a newly identified eucrite, consisting mainly of coarse-grained pyroxene (62.9 vol%) and plagioclase (34.2 vol%), with less abundant opaque minerals (2.7 vol%), minor silica and tiny FeO-rich olivine (Fa75). Coarse-grained pyroxenes show exsolution of augite lamellae in pigeonite or vice versa. Width of most exsolution lamellae in pyroxenes is 1-3 μm. Opaque minerals are mainly chromite, ilmenite and sulfides. The meteorite was heavily shocked, as indicated by breccias and melt veins. Coarse-grained pyroxenes commonly contain abundant tiny or needle-like chromite inclusions with orientation, probably due to heavy shock events. Pyroxenes in various petrographic occurrences exhibit highly homogeneous compositions, indicating that GRV 051523 experienced intense thermal metamorphism in the parent asteroid 4 Vesta. GRV 051523 is classified as Type 5-6. This new eucrite will have additional constraints on chemical composition, magmatic differentiation, multi-stage shock and thermal history of Vesta.     

Petrology of ureilites from Grove Mountains, Antarctica：Constraints on the origins

Ureilites are a common group of achondrites with a high abundance of carbon. They probably have a genetic relationship with chondrites, hence provide an insight into origin and evolution of terrestrial planets. A new meteorite-rich region, Grove Mountains (GRV), was found by the Chinese Antarctic Research Expedition, with discovery of 9834 meteorites. Of 2433 meteorites classified, 9 ureilites have been identified. In this paper, we report petrography of 6 of these ureilites. Four ureilites contain graphite and exhibit triangle conjunction and common reduced margins of olivine. GRV 052382 probably experienced heavy shock metamorphism followed by fast cooling, as indicated by mosaic texture or fine-grained granular texture of olivine. GRV 022931 was highly reduced of these ureilites, with olivine as isolated grains in abundant carbonaceous matrix. All 9 ureilites are monomict, and are classified into subtype II (with medium FeO content, Fa15-18) and subtype I (with high FeO content, Fa>18) based on compositions of the cores of olivine. The diverse mineral compositions and petrography of these ureilites suggest that they are not paired and reveal a multi-event history of the parent body. Partial melting of the parent body produced carbon-rich magma, followed by crystallization of graphite and silicates. Later, graphite was partially inverted to diamond by shock events. Reburial of the shocked debris experienced various degree of thermal metamorphism. Finally, these rocks were excavated from the parent asteroid and ejected into Earth-cross orbit by another impact event.     

南极格罗夫山球粒陨石冲击变质程度及特征

本文对93块南极格罗夫山普通球粒陨石的冲击变质特征进行了研究:在光学显微镜下观察并描述了橄榄石、辉石、长石等主要硅酸盐矿物的破裂、消光、熔融以及重结晶现象;在冲击熔脉和熔融囊中观察到了矿物的分解、相变,并确认了林伍德石、镁铁榴石、辉石玻璃和熔长石等多种硅酸盐矿物的高压多形。根据冲击变质特征以及高压矿物的组合对93块南极普通球粒陨石进行了冲击变质程度分类。冲击变质类型的统计结果表明,这批样品中共有23块陨石遭受了强烈的冲击变质作用(S4-S5),并且其中绝大部分为L群普通球粒陨石(22块),仅有1块H群陨石受到明显的冲击变质,并形成熔脉。H与L群陨石完全不同的冲击变质特征,可能反映了两者小行星母体表面不同的物性。此外,相同化学群陨石中,冲击变质程度的分布与岩石类型相关,平衡型(特别是5-6型)陨石具有最高比例的强烈冲击变质陨石。     

格罗夫山普通球粒陨石的磁化率和化学分类方法对比分析

我国经过五次南极格罗夫山科学考察后,从南极格罗夫山地区回收到11452块陨石样品。南极陨石回收后面临着庞大的基础分类工作,需要确定其化学群和岩石类型。由于传统的化学分类方法不仅有损样品,而且样品制备耗时耗力,需要大量的经费和人力支持才能完成陨石的基础分类工作。因而国际上也在探索使用快速、无损的磁化率分类方法来确定陨石的类型。我国陨石基础分类工作得到科技部样品共享平台的资助,在2003年和2006-2008年期间开展了四次陨石分类工作,共确定了2300多块普通球粒陨石的化学群、岩石类型、冲击强度和风化程度。本文在基础分类工作的基础上,探讨这些样品的磁化率分析结果,并给出磁化率分类的适用范围及应用前景。     

100块南极格罗夫山陨石的分类及其成对陨石的初步判别

通过岩石矿物学特征的观察和矿物成分的电子探针分析,对采自南极格罗夫山的100块陨石进行了分类研究,确定了它们的化学群、岩石类型、冲击变质程度和风化程度,其中8块陨石划分为H4型,15块为H5型,3块为H6型,1块为L3型,2块为L4型,16块为L5型,47块为L6型,5块为LL3型,1块为LL4型,2块为LL5型。经过岩石矿物学特征和矿物成分的对比分析,初步判定成对陨石21组。     

Shock metamorphism of ordinary chondrites from Grove Mountains, Antarctica

Shock effects of 93 Grove Mountains (GRV) ordinary chondrites were studied in this work, including fracture, various types of extinction, and recrystallization of silicates observed under optical microscopy. Shock-induced veins and pockets show various microtextures, decomposition and phase transformation of minerals. The confirmed high-pressure polymorphs of silicates are ringwoodite, majorite, pyroxene glass and maskelynite. Based on the shock effects and assemblages of high-pressure minerals, shock stages of all of 93 GRV chondrites were classified. In comparison with literature, the Grove Mountains meteorites have a higher fraction (23 out of 93) of heavily shocked samples (S4-S5). Most of the heavily shocked meteorites are L group (22 out of 23), except for one H chondrite. The distinct shock metamorphism between H and L groups may indicate different surface properties of their parent bodies. In addition, there is relationship between petrologic types and shock stages, with most heavily shocked samples observed in equilibrated ordinary chondrites (especially Type 5 and 6).