冷空气爆发时陆地边界层的数值模拟

本文建立了一个三维中尺度模式,分别模拟了平坦地形及规则山地情形下冷空气爆发过程,并模拟了无冷空气时天气演变过程作为比较.模拟结果合理地给出了冷空气爆发后边界层内诸要素的变化规律,如大风的出现、风向的改变、动量通量的增大、气压的升高等.     

滇池区域性环流的数值模拟

为了开发云南省滇池地区的磷资源，对云南滇池湖畔的中尺度环流状况进行了三维数值模拟，模式比较详细地考虑了各种物理过程，模拟结果与实测资料较吻合；滇池区域湖南白天为冷中心，夜间为暖中心；白天的垂直环流比夜间大得多，湖风比陆风影响范围也大得多，系统风对湖风影响较大。     

城市发展对夜间海陆风环流影响的预测模拟

本文利用一个三维中尺度模式模拟了长江三角洲地区的海陆风环流状况，以及城市发展后动力热力效应对环流的影响，其中热力效应主要考虑了城乡反照率的差别，模式考虑了海陆温差、通量传输、太阳辐射、科里奥利效应等因子。模拟结果得到了长江三角洲地区的夜间垂直环流状况，辐散辐合带分布，预测了城市发展后的环流情形。为大气扩散评价以及城市建设规划提供了一定的依据。     

Chemical composition of PM2.5 at an urban site of Chengdu in southwestern China

PM2.5 aerosols were sampled in urban Chengdu from April 2009 to January 2010, and their chemical compositions were characterized in detail for elements, water soluble inorganic ions, and carbonaceous matter. The annual average of PM2.5 was 165g m－3, which is generally higher than measurements in other Chinese cities, suggesting serious particulate pollution issues in the city. Water soluble ions contributed 43.5% to the annual total PM2.5 mass, carbonaceous aerosols including elemental carbon and organic carbon contributed 32.0%, and trace elements contributed 13.8%. Distinct daily and seasonal variations were observed in the mass concentrations of PM2.5 and its components, reflecting the seasonal variations of different anthropogenic and natural sources. Weakly acidic to neutral particles were found for PM2.5. Major sources of PM2.5 identified from source apportionment analysis included coal combustion, traffic exhaust, biomass burning, soil dust, and construction dust emissions. The low nitrate: sulfate ratio suggested that stationary emissions were more important than vehicle emissions. The reconstructed masses of ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, particulate carbonaceous matter, and fine soil accounted for 79% of the total measured PM2.5 mass; they also accounted for 92% of the total measured particle scattering.     

非定常天气海面通量特征

本文研究了天气尺度系统(如冷锋)过境时的海面通量特征及计算通量的方法。发现冷锋前几小时的暖区内,湍流切应力急剧增大,总体输送系数 C_D,C_H出现突变,与地面风速的突然增加是同步的。这是地转适应过程在边界层内的一种响应,为海面上动力学过程的研究提供了重要信息。