NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF OZONE DISTRIBUTIONS AND ITS VARIATION MECHANISM

A 2-D global chemistry-transport model is set up in this paper.The model simulates theatmospheric ozone distributions well with specified dynamical conditions.The analysis of ozonevariation mechanism shows that ozone is chemically in quasi-equilibrium except for the polar nightregion where the variation of ozone concentration is under the control of dynamical processes,thatthe oxygen atoms which produce ozone are mainly provided by the photolysis of O_2 in the upperstratosphere and by the photolysis of NO_2 in the lower stratosphere and the troposphere.and thatthe ozone is destroyed mainly by NO_x:the reactions between NO_x and O_3 and the odd oxygen cyclecontribute 80% to more than 90% of the ozone destruction.     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE FORMATION MECHANISM OF THE ANTARCTIC OZONE HOLE

The global zonally averaged atmospheric chemistry model is developed in this paper.Theformation mechanism of the Antarctic ozone hole is numerically simulated using the model to checkthe viewpoints on the formation mechanism.The results show that:(1)The Antarctic ozone hole is a special phenomenon resulting from the heterogeneousreactions on the surface of the polar stratospheric cloud particles,under the special conditions oftemperature and circulation in Antarctic spring.The heterogeneous reactions reduce the NO_2concentration,resulting in the decrease of ozone production rate.The ozone content decreaseswhen its production is less than its destruction.This is the direct cause for the formation of theAntarctic ozone hole.(2)The impact of the polar vortex on the transport of trace species is not the determinativefactor in the formation of the Antarctic ozone hole.but makes the intensity of the ozone holechanged.(3)The solar cycles have negligible influence on the intensity of the Antarctic ozone holethrough photochemical reactions.     

积云的清除作用与其酸化的数值模拟

一维时变参数化积云模式与污染物浓度连续方程相结合，根据积云内外SO2和HNO3浓度、云水S(VI)浓度、H2O2和O3的氧化速率以及地面雨水S(VI)浓度的时空变化，分别讨论核化清除、液相氧化、云下气溶胶清除、碱性气溶胶、云外污染物的夹卷以及SO2初始分布等因子的重要性。     

气溶胶的核化清除效率及其物理、化学因子

在Junge气溶胶谱分布的条件下,推导出气溶胶粒子的核化清除效率的近似公式。与分析解相比较,在一定范围内,数值计算结果与分析解相符。模式计算结果表明,夹卷的上升气块对于大陆和海洋性气溶胶粒子的核化清除效率,除了气溶胶谱分布以外,决定于以下的物理、化学因子:气溶胶化学成分、上升气块的夹卷率、水汽凝结的调节系数(accommodation coefficient)、云底温度等。      

云下雨滴蒸发产生硫酸盐气溶胶速率的研究

云下雨滴蒸发是雨滴下降过程中重要的物理过程，特别是当云下相对湿度较低时更为明显。本文建立了考虑雨滴蒸发的云下雨水酸化的物理化学模式，用以研究云下雨滴蒸发作用对各种大小雨滴及雨水酸化的影响，并估算了由于小雨滴的完全蒸发进入到大气中的硫酸盐气溶胶的生成速率。计算结果表明:这种小雨滴的完全蒸发使雨滴内化学反应生成的硫酸盐结晶进入大气，在降水初期云下相对湿度较小时，形成硫酸盐气溶胶的速率可达1% h-1，与气粒转化速率相当。