Observed characteristics of atmospheric ducts over the South China Sea in autumn

The observed characteristics of lower atmospheric ducts over the South China Sea(SCS) were analyzed based on Global Position Systerm(GPS) radiosonde data collected four times daily during autumn open cruises from 2006 to 2012.Duct occurrence,thickness,and strength over the SCS were about 40%,150-m thick,and 8 M units,respectively,which were larger than during the summer monsoon period.Most ducts occurred at heights 1 500 m and these ducts easily trap electromagnetic wave clusters with wavelengths 2 m.Diurnal variation of the SCS ducts appeared evident.They occurred more often at midnight at higher altitudes(about 1 100 m),with a thickest layer of about 145 m and less frequently during the evening at lower altitudes(about 800 m),with a thinnest layer of about 125 m.Moreover,ducts during the daytime at a mean height of about 900 m,with the greatest strength of about 10 M units.Furthermore,all duct variables observed over the SCS in autumn decreased from north to south.These findings are useful not only in the design of radar and communication systems,but also for evaluating possible effects of anomalous propagation on meteorological radar and military applications.     

Bottom water temperature measurements in the South China Sea,eastern Indian Ocean and western Pacific Ocean

文章报道了一批新的海底底水温度(BWT)数据,其中南海(SCS)158个站位、东印度洋(EIO)30个站位及西太平洋(WPO)37个站位。基于这批新的BWT数据,获得南海和西太平洋海域底水温度与水深经验关系,可为地球物理和物理海洋提供准确、可靠的海底温度边界。这将有助于海底油气资源调查与评估。同时,这批实测数据表明:1)水深超过3500m的海域,其底水温度在南海约为2.47℃,比东印度洋(～1.34℃)和西太平洋(～1.60℃)稍微偏高。这与大洋传送带模式所预测的情况比较吻合。该模式认为:低温高盐的海水,从北大西洋格陵兰岛和冰岛附近海域下沉到深层,然后向南流动,再与南极洲周围海域的低温高盐海水一同向北进入印度洋和太平洋。而南海是一个相对比较封闭的热带边缘海,其内部海水与印度洋和菲律宾海交换有限,导致海水温度整体高于印度洋和太平洋。2)台西南盆地水深在2700～3000m的部分站位,其底水温高达约3.00℃,明显高于其周边同水深海域底水温度(平均值约为2.33℃)。这可能是台西南盆地海底水热活动导致的结果。3)在东印度洋和西太平洋水深超过4800m海域,底水温度随着水压增大稍有升高,其升高率分别为10.6mK·MPa~(-1)和12.0mK·MPa~(-1)。这与理论估算的深层底水绝热压力温度梯度范围较为吻合。这也意味着东印度洋和西太平洋深层底水,主要由绝热自压作用导致其温度随着深度的增大而升高。     

一种海洋混合层深度的智能识别方法研究

文章提出了一种识别混合层深度的人工智能方法。该方法在温度(密度)与压强(或深度)间建立线性模型, 并且将其系数和方差做成一组表征廓线特征的统计量。初始时为模型设定一个主观的先验分布, 在一个自海表向下移动的窗口内通过贝叶斯链式法则和最小描述长度原理学习新数据, 得到系数均值的最大后验概率估计。用F-检验识别系数发生突变的位置, 以此确定混合层的存在性及其深度。通过2017年2月太平洋海域的地转海洋学实时观测阵(Array for Real-time Geostrophic Oceanography, ARGO)数据进行测试, 并且以质量因子(Quality Index, QI)值作为判断识别混合层深度结果准确性的依据, 发现该方法相比于梯度法、阈值法、混合法、相对变化法、最大角度法和最优线性插值法在识别结果上具备更大的QI值。表明该方法能够准确识别混合层深度。     

装配式内藏钢桁架混凝土剪力墙抗震性能试验研究

为了提高装配式剪力墙的抗震性能,提出并设计了一片暗柱内置H型钢装配式内藏钢桁架混凝土剪力墙及一片暗柱内置圆钢管装配式内藏钢桁架混凝土剪力墙,其中H型钢竖向连接采用顶底角钢复合连接,圆钢管竖向连接采用端板焊接.通过对试件进行低周反复加载试验,得到剪力墙试件的破坏模式、滞回曲线、承载力、延性、残余变形、刚度退化和耗能能力等...     

深海技术装备公共研发平台的建设与思考

建设功能齐全、能够服务于海洋探测技术的公共研发平台是推动我国海洋科学研究、海洋技术装备研发和成果转化的重要支撑。基于此,当前国家深海基地管理中心已开展集装备研发制造、性能测试、规范化海试、技术咨询与培训等功能一体化的深海技术装备公共研发平台的建设工作。本研究以深海技术装备公共研发平台为例,介绍平台在硬件设施建设的基本情况,阐述了平台运行管理制度的建设情况,论述了平台建设过程中的经验和不足之处,以期为其他公共研发平台的建设工作提供有益借鉴和经验。     

基于探空数据的南海表面波导统计特征研究

Based on the global position system(GPS) radiosonde data near the sea surface, the surface duct characteristics over the South China Sea(SCS) were statistically analyzed. The annual surface duct occurrence over the SCS was about 64%. Of the observed surface ducts, duct heights mainly distributed between 18 and 42 m, with M slopes in the range of –0.3 to –0.2 M units/m. Those ducts accounted for about 80% of the ducting cases. For the total profiles, the duct occurrences in a day changed slowly and were more than 60% in all times. The surface ducts formed more easily in the daytime than in the nighttime and most of the duct height were at bellow about 32 m.Additionally, The seasonal variation of the SCS ducts appeared to be evident, except that the mean duct thickness was almost constant, about 33 m for all seasons. The highest occurrence was about 71% in the autumn, followed by in the summer, spring and winter. In spring, their top-height existed more often at a height of more than 48 m.Their mean duct strength became stronger trend from spring to winter, with the M-slope in the range between–0.26 and –0.18 M units/m. Those results agreed well with other studies, provided considering the data resolution.The statistical analysis was reliable and gave the duct estimation for the SCS. Such duct climatology not only has important implications for communication systems and the reliability of the radar observation, but also can provide useful information to improve the accuracy of the meteorological radar measurements.     

加拿大海盆东南部锚定观测双扩散阶梯的时间演化研究

加拿大海盆上层,分布着高温高盐的大西洋水和相对低温低盐的盐跃层下部水,两水团之间形成一系列的双扩散阶梯。通过分析2005年8月-2011年8月期间的锚定潜标数据,对双扩散阶梯和这两种水团之间的相互作用进行研究。基于固定盐度范围的方法,在盐度廓线中识别阶梯结构,在盐度34.45~34.83范围内,获取18个阶梯结构,并研究阶梯的参数。发现双扩散阶梯的位温主要受与其接近的水团的影响,同时也受其相邻的阶梯生成或消亡的影响,大西洋水对其上方的双扩散阶梯和盐跃层下部水起到加热作用;而盐跃层下部水的深度变化主导着大西洋水和双扩散阶梯的深度变化。两个相邻的阶梯具有一致的位温和深度变化趋势。通过经验公式,估计大西洋水通过双扩散阶梯向上传输的热通量为0.05~0.6 W/m2,且由下至上呈现逐渐增大的趋势。最后,估算由双扩散造成的垂向涡扩散系数为3×10-6~3.3×10-5 m2/s,且由下至上呈现逐渐减小的趋势。     

南海北部台风和中尺度暖涡对近惯性振荡的影响

基于2014年8-9月南海北部东沙群岛附近海域两个临近站位(站位A,20.736°N,117.745°E,水深1 249 m;站位B,20.835°N,117.56°E,水深848 m)的潜标数据,研究了台风过境所激发的近惯性振荡的特征,分析了中尺度暖涡对近惯性频率的调制及其对近惯性动能分布和传播的影响。站位A(B)142(175) m以浅,近惯性频率由0.710 1(0.713 3)周/d红移至0.659 2周/d,频率减小了7.2%(7.6%),观测结果与两个站位所处的背景涡度相吻合。中尺度暖涡改变了水体层结状态,两个站位的近惯性动能在不同层结中被改变了0.5~3倍。水体层结对能量的折射作用使得站位B的近惯性动能在深度158~223 m之间衰减较少,而站位A的近惯性动能则随着深度的增加快速减小。站位A和站位B近惯性内波的垂向群速度分别约为15.2 m/d和14.1 m/d。如果忽略近惯性动能的水平辐散,近惯性内波的垂向传播分别造成了两个站位垂向上约47%和38%的近惯性动能衰减。     

南黄海砂质海底反向声散射测量（6-24 kHz）

在南黄海某一典型的砂质海底区域，采用全向性声源和全向性接收水听器开展了频率范围为6-24 kHz的海底反向声散射测量。测量结果表明，在避免海面散射干扰并满足远场条件的情况下，本次实验获得了掠射角范围为18~80°的海底反向声散射强度，其数值为-41.1~24.4 dB。在有效掠射角范围内，声散射强度总体上随掠射角的增大呈现出增大趋势，但对于不同的频率，其变化趋势有所不同，反映出不同的散射机理。在20°、40°和60°掠射角处，在6-24 kHz的频率范围内反向声散射强度总体上呈现出正相关的频率依赖性，其线性相关斜率分别为0.2229 dB/kHz、0.5130 dB/kHz、0.1746 dB/kHz。在最大掠射角80°处，反向声散射强度未呈现出明显的频率相关性。