基于R2V与Desktop ArcInfo的地图数字化方法

介绍一种基于R2V与Desktop ArcInfo的应用工具结合的地图数字化方法。通过两者的结合使用,获得完整的GIS空间数据,从而达到了地理空间对象的图形数据以及属性数据的统一性和一致性。     

Distribution characteristics of wave energy in the Zhe-Min coastal area

A 10-year（2003–2012） hindcast was conducted to study the wave field in the Zhe-Min coastal area（Key Area OE-W2） located off Zhejiang and Fujian provinces of China. Forced by the wind field from a weather research and forecasting model（WRF）, high-resolution wave modelling using the SWAN was carried out in the study area. The simulated wave fields show a good agreement with observations. Using the simulation results, we conducted statistical analysis of wave power density in terms of spatial distr...     

Relevance vector machine applied to slope stability analysis

This paper examines the potential of relevance vector machine (RVM) in slope stability analysis. The nonlinear relationship between slope stability and its influence factors is presented by the relevance vector learning mechanism based on a kernel‐based Bayesian framework. The six input variables used for the RVM for the prediction of stability slope are density (γ), friction angle (C), friction coefficient (?), slope angle (?_r), slope height (H), and pore water pressure (r_u). Comparison of RVM with some other methods is also presented. RVM has been used to compute the error bar. The results presented in this paper clearly highlight that the RVM is a robust tool for the prediction of slope stability. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Intermediate-Term Medium-Range Precursory Accelerating Seismicity Prior to the 12 May 2008, Wenchuan Earthquake

In the study of the predictability of great earthquakes in the perspective of seismicity analysis, two issues are presently controversial, and need more detailed studies based on real earthquake cases. The first issue is whether there exists pre-shock accelerating behavior of seismicity which is robust against the changing of spatio-temporal ranges for the sampling of seismic events, and the second is whether such an accelerating behavior is physically associated with an approach to the critical point. To answer these two questions, a retrospective case study was conducted on the 12 May 2008, Wenchuan earthquake, using the local earthquake catalogue in Sichuan and Yunnan Provinces, China, with cutoff magnitude M _L3.0, from 1977 to 2008. The results show that the answer to the first question appears to be ‘yes’; that is, in a finite spatial domain within the last couple of years before the event, clear accelerating seismicity could be observed. The answer to the second question cannot be obtained merely by examining seismicity data. However, detailed analysis of the accelerating behavior reveals a potential spatial correlation between the accelerating region and a known asperity, which might be an evidence for that the observed acceleration may have a geometrical or mechanical rather than statistical origin.     

LA-ICP-MS Zircon U-Pb Geochronology of Quartz Porphyry from the Niutougou Gold Deposit in Songxian County,Henan Province

The Niutougou gold deposit,located in the center of the Xiong’ershan gold district,western Henan Province,is a large gold deposit with many quartz porphyries found in the area.Based on the field geological investigation of quartz porphyry of Niutougou gold deposit and by using the cathodoluminescence(CL) images analysis and in situ LA-ICP-MS U-Pb isotope dating method of zircons,the inner structure,trace element compositions and U-Pb age of the zircons separated from quartz porphyry were analyzed and determined.Cathodoluminescence(CL) images of zircons show clear magmatic zonations.Trace element analyses of zircons reveal that all zircons show high concentrations of Th,U,and HREE,and the REE patterns of depletion in LREE,with a positive Ce anomaly.Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating results show that the quartz porphyry in the Niutougou gold deposit was formed at 159.71±0.99 Ma(about 160 Ma),belonging to the product of magmatic activity in late Middle Jurassic.Combined with the geological characteristics of the Niutougou gold deposit,the formation age of the quartz porphyry and the analysis of the formation age of the granite body exposed in the Niutougou gold deposit,the study suggests that the metallogenic epoch of the Niutougou gold deposit may be Yanshanian in age.     

Three-Dimensional Gravity Model Applied to Underwater Navigation

At present, new integrated navigation, which usesthe location function of reference gravity anomaly map to control the errors of the inertial navigation system (INS), has been developed in marine navigation. It is named the gravity-aided INS. Both the INS and real-time computation of gravity anomalies need a 3-D marine normal gravity model. Conventionally, a reduction method applied in geophysical survey is directiy introduced to observed data processing. This reduction does not separate anomaly from normal gravity in the observed data, so errors cannot be avoided. The 3-D marine normal gravity model was derived from the J2 gravity model, and is suitable for the region whose depth is less than 1000 m.     

钻孔岩心黏土混浊水电导率、黄铁矿、pH相关性分析及其在古沉积环境复原的应用:以渤海湾西岸平原DC01孔为例

为探讨复原海岸平原沉积环境和精确划分海陆相地层的有效方法,对渤海湾西岸海河以南平原深达30 m的DC01孔岩心以约20 cm间距取样,测试黏土混浊水电导率（EC）、黄铁矿质量分数（w（FeS₂））和pH值,并开展相关分析研究。结果显示,EC与w（FeS₂）正相关（相关系数r为0.47）,而EC与pH以及w（FeS₂）与pH均负相关（r分别为-0.43和-0.52）。根据EC值的大小将DC01孔自下至上分成5个带（Ⅰ—Ⅴ）,进一步分别对5个带的EC、w（FeS₂）及pH做相关分析,结果显示,Ⅱ带相关性最为突出：EC与w（FeS₂）的相关系数为0.83,极强正相关;EC与pH的相关系数为-0.77,强负相关;w（FeS₂）与pH的相关系数为-0.45,呈中等程度负相关。根据Ⅱ带的EC和w（FeS₂）极强正相关、且EC和w（FeS₂）均明显偏高以及多发育黑色泥炭和腐殖质黏土等特征,推断Ⅱ带为受海水影响的盐沼环境;结合AMS¹⁴C测年结果,推测8 260~7 470 cal.B.P.期间,海水曾经影响到DC01孔的位置。另外,Ⅳ带的EC值也偏高,但w（FeS₂）却较低,其EC与w（FeS₂）的相关系数为-0.03,不呈正相关关系,其原因是因为接近地表的上部沉积物因淋溶作用,在Ⅳ带形成淀积层导致EC异常偏高;最上层的Ⅴ带为淋溶层,这样就导致钻孔上部（深6.7 m以上）Ⅳ带和Ⅴ带EC与w（FeS₂）的相关性出现异常。因此在讨论沉积物上部沉积环境时,将EC与w（FeS₂）综合分析可以更精确地划分钻孔岩心的沉积环境。     

油页岩原位开采温度-时间-转化率判识方法及应用

油页岩原位转化开采加热的最终温度、加热时间和最终油气转化率与原位开采的经济成本息息相关。利用Rock-Eval 6型岩石热解分析仪分别获取不同升温速率下的油页岩烃产率-转化率和烃产率-活化能之间的关系,以烃产率为桥梁,建立活化能与转化率的对应关系;在此基础上,依据化学动力学反应原理,将油页岩有机质（干酪根）演化生成油气的过程近似为具一级反应特征的热裂解反应,获取不同转化率条件下温度倒数（1/T）与时间对数（ln t）的关系式,建立油页岩原位转化温度-时间-转化率关系图。以广东茂名盆地油柑窝组油页岩为例,通过上述方法建立了油页岩原位转化开采温度-时间-转化率关系图。由判识关系图可知：加热至350℃开采该区油页岩,转化率达90%需要98 a;加热至200℃开采该区油页岩,在不采取其他措施的情况下即使转化10%也需要147 a。实际情况下,地下油页岩原位受热具有非均质性,加热开采能耗大,通过添加催化剂降低油页岩原位油气转化所需的温度、改善油气产物品质可能是油页岩原位开采技术的一种发展方向。     

永远的老牟

牟其铎先生是中国数字地震台网（CDSN）技术管理研究室（十室）的老主任。今年是他去世十周年。十年很漫长。但是当年和他在一起的很多事情,今天回忆起来,还像是在昨天一样。     

A Practical Indirect Back Analysis Approach for Geomechanical Parameters Identification

Back analysis is a powerful tool to determine geomechanical parameters. In this article, a practical approach that employs the response surface method and MS Excel solver for back analysis is presented. The least square support vector machine (LSSVM)-based response surface is utilized to represent the nonlinear relationship between the geomechanical parameters and the monitored information and Excel solver is used to search the geomechanical parameters based on the monitoring information. We analyze the robustness and search ability of the proposed approach. On the other hand, two numerical cases on a circular tunnel and a slope are used to verify the proposed approach. Results clearly indicate that LSSVM-based response surface is effectively able to be used to identify the geomechanical parameters from the monitoring displacements.