郯庐断裂带的平移运动与成因

在华北、华南板块碰撞期间，郯庐断裂带究竟是何种边界仍是没有解决的重大地学问题，许多学者对此提出了不同的构造解释模式。关于郯庐断裂的平移距离仍存在着较大的分歧与有待深入研究之处。在华北、华南板块拼合之后，郯庐断裂带发生了一次大规模的左行平移，其糜棱岩的^40Ar／^39Ar年龄为132～119Ma，指示为早白垩世的平移活动，平移活动中伴生了强烈的岩浆活动。这期左行平移标志着中国东部构造的重大转折，是滨太平洋构造对前期古特提斯构造的叠加，其动力学机制为太平洋区伊侨奈岐板块突然出现的高速斜向俯冲。     

长江源各拉丹冬地区三叠纪结扎群沉积特征及层序地层研究

三叠纪结扎群分布于长江源各拉丹冬地区南北两侧，根据基本层序、沉积环境和层序界面特征，结扎群至少可划分出四个三级层序。沉积古地理格局显示出南浅北深的特点。南部靠近羌塘盆地中央隆起带，陆源物质供应丰富。北部雀莫错一带因远离中央隆起，陆源物质供应相对较少，以泥岩、灰岩为主，生物化石丰富，沉积环境以陆棚为主，在相对稳定的沉积水体中以双壳类、菊石类等生物群得以快速发展。     

Cascaded Evolution of Mantle Plumes and Metallogenesis of Core- and Mantle-derived Elements

Mineral deposits are unevenly distributed in the Earth's crust, which is closely related to the formation and evolution of the Earth. In the early history of the Earth, controlled by the gravitational contraction and thermal expansion, lighter elements, such as radioactive, halogen-family, rare and rare earth elements and alkali metals, migrated upwards; whereas heavier elements, such as iron-family and platinum-family elements, base metals and noble metals, had a tendency of sinking to the Earth's core, so that the elements iron, nickel, gold and silver are mainly concentrated in the Earth's core. However, during the formation of the stratified structure of the Earth, the existence of temperature, pressure and viscosity differences inside and outside the Earth resulted in vertical material movement manifested mainly by cascaded evolution of mantle plumes in the Earth. The stratifications and vertical movement of the Earth were interdependent and constituted the motive force of the mantle-core movement.     

甘肃北山地区成矿带划分及基本特征

根据成矿地质背景和成矿在时空上的联系性 ,以板块构造单元为基础 ,结合地质、物探、化探、遥感等成矿信息 ,将甘肃北山成矿区带厘定为 2个Ⅱ级成矿区 ,3个Ⅲ级成矿带 ,1 0个Ⅳ级成矿带。以期为矿产勘查和地质大调查工作部署提供新的思路和依据     

现代水文与空间数据采集技术

从基本定义、研究对象、研究领域、研究手段、研究方法、研究目的以及数据采集、服务等多个不同层面，对传统水文(学)和现代水文(学)进行了比较，分析了二者的特征和区别，论述了从传统水文向现代水文转变是现代水利的必然要求，而空间数据采集技术是实现这一转变极其重要的途径和手段。     

GPS技术应用于中国地壳运动研究的方法及初步结果

文中主要就中国利用GPS等空间测地资料研究地壳运动、构造变形 ,以及用于地震预测探索方面 ,从方法技术和近年来取得的一些初步结果进行了概要性论述。介绍了利用GPS技术资料研究地壳水平运动速度场、水平应变场、建立地壳运动模型等方法研究的进展。由GPS观测给出的地壳水平运动初步结果表明 :中国大陆现时水平运动在全球参考系中为整体向东 ,并兼有顺时针扭转运动。西部地区构造形变强烈 ,整个青藏块体及其边界带 ,以及新疆西部是应变值最高的区域 ,水平应变场主压应变优势分布方向为近NE向 ,空间差异显著 ,反映了印度板块碰撞推挤和青藏块体强烈构造运动的影响。中国大陆东部水平运动的差异性不显著。强震分布于地壳运动的大小、方向显著变化的区域 ,大地震通常发生在水平剪应变高值区或其边缘 ,尤其是与区域主干断裂的构造活动背景相一致的剪应变率高值区。     

Discussion on the feature of strong earthquake: Orderly distribution in time, space and intensity before the Western Kunlun Mountain Pass M=8.1 earthquake

Introduction The Western Kunlun Mountain Pass M=8.1 earthquake occurred on November 14, 2001 is the other M=8 earthquake occurred 50 years after Dangxiong, Tibet M=8.0 earthquake in Chinese mainland. The earthquake has caused the attention of the seismologists in the following aspects: 1) The fracture length is more than 400 km, which is far away from the estimated length by the statistic empirical function between the magnitude and the fracture length (WANG, et al, 2002); 2) The aftersh…     

青藏铁路管道通风试验路基地温变化及热状况分析

基于青藏铁路北麓河试验段管道通风路基在2个冻融循环周期内的地温监测资料，分析了路基温度的发展、温度场分布特征及多年冻土的热流量变化．结果表明：通风管埋设于路堤中部的路基温度变化和发展情况与一般路基类似，路基在施工后的2个冻融周期内仍处于整体升温的过程；通风管埋设于路堤下部的路基，虽然前2个冻融循环周期内土体温度与原始状态相比同样有所升高，但开始出现逐渐降低的趋势，同时地温场的分布在横向上的对称性也比较好，在热交换方面，一般填土路基和通风管位于路堤中部的路基在施工后的前2个冻融循环周期内一直处于吸热过程，而通风管位于路堤下部的路基在经历了第1个周期的持续吸热过程后，在第2个冻融循环周期内已经开始放热。     

盆地岩石圈结构与油气成藏及分布

本文综述了大陆岩石圈研究现状和克拉通盆地、裂谷盆地和前陆盆地的岩石圈结构特征,指出在古裂谷、褶皱带或区域性深断裂等陆壳构造薄弱带上发育起来的多期叠合盆地,具有很好的含油气前景。大型含油气盆地往往存在地幔上隆、地壳减薄和地壳内低速层,盆地基底沉降与盖层沉积厚度较大。适度的后期构造活动改造和岩浆活动有利于沉积盆地内油气生成与保存。     

Initiation of Subduction Zones as a Consequence of Lateral Compositional Buoyancy Contrast within the Lithosphere: a Petrological Perspective

Tonga and Mariana fore-arc peridotites, inferred to representtheir respective sub-arc mantle lithospheres, are compositionallyhighly depleted (low Fe/Mg) and thus physically buoyant relativeto abyssal peridotites representing normal oceanic lithosphere(high Fe/Mg) formed at ocean ridges. The observation that thedepletion of these fore-arc lithospheres is unrelated to, andpre-dates, the inception of present-day western Pacific subductionzones demonstrates the pre-existence of compositional buoyancycontrast at the sites of these subduction zones. These observationsallow us to suggest that lateral compositional buoyancy contrastwithin the oceanic lithosphere creates the favoured and necessarycondition for subduction initiation. Edges of buoyant oceanicplateaux, for example, mark a compositional buoyancy contrastwithin the oceanic lithosphere. These edges under deviatoriccompression (e.g. ridge push) could develop reverse faults withcombined forces in excess of the oceanic lithosphere strength,allowing the dense normal oceanic lithosphere to sink into theasthenosphere beneath the buoyant overriding oceanic plateaux,i.e. the initiation of subduction zones. We term this conceptthe ‘oceanic plateau model’. This model explainsmany other observations and offers testable hypotheses on importantgeodynamic problems on a global scale. These include (1) theorigin of the 43 Ma bend along the Hawaii–Emperor SeamountChain in the Pacific, (2) mechanisms of ophiolite emplacement,(3) continental accretion, etc. Subduction initiation is notunique to oceanic plateaux, but the plateau model well illustratesthe importance of the compositional buoyancy contrast withinthe lithosphere for subduction initiation. Most portions ofpassive continental margins, such as in the Atlantic where largecompositional buoyancy contrast exists, are the loci of futuresubduction zones. KEY WORDS: subduction initiation; compositional buoyancy contrast; oceanic lithosphere; plate tectonics; mantle plumes; hotspots; oceanic plateaux; passive continental margins; continental accretion; mantle peridotites; ophiolites