基于GIS的县级国土空间规划“三区三线”划定研究--以霞浦县为例

以主体功能区规划为基础,划定“三区三线”是编制县级国土空间规划的前提。本文以霞浦县为例,基于资源环境承载能力评价与国土空间开发适宜性评价(以下简称“双评价”),利用GIS技术手段,开展陆海全覆盖“三区三线”的划定。把陆海统筹作为重要原则,通过霞浦县空间规划“三区三线”划定的实践研究,总结问题与不足,为沿海地区开展县级国土空间规划“三区三线”划定工作提供参考与借鉴。     

摄食紫菜粉等4种单一饵料的蚤状潘脂肪酸组成的比较

用GC／MS法分析比较了紫菜粉、小球藻、酵母、Banta液（牛粪1．5g＋干稻草2g＋沃土20g＋水1000cm3）4种食物条件下蚤状潘的脂肪酸组成．结果表明：4种食物培养下,蚤状潘的总脂含量依次为39．80、60．10、44．60、52．30mg／g．一共检测出脂肪酸14种,其中8种饱和脂肪酸（SFA）,2种单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）,4种多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）．紫菜粉培养组与小球藻组PUFA含量显著高于酵母组和Banta液组（P〈0．05）,占总脂肪酸的1／3以上,酵母组MUFA质量分数最高（P〈0．05）,达55．73％,Banta液组以SFA质量分数最高（P〈0．05）,为52．45％．其中紫菜粉组的PUFA中缺乏C18：3,但C20：5（EPA）和C20：4（AA）质量分数高达22．67％和9．02％是小球藻组的1．6倍和4．5倍（P〈0．05）,而且EPA和AA的实际含量也显著高于小球藻组（P〈0．05）,达到9．02mg／g和3．59mg／g;比较得出,紫菜粉培养组的20碳以上必需不饱和脂肪酸含量丰富,明显高于其他3组．本实验证实蚤状潘的脂肪酸组成与食物脂肪酸成正相关．分析认为,用紫菜粉培养枝角类用于海水育苗会取得更佳的营养效果．     

Development of a SCAR marker for male gametophyte of Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis based on AFLP technique

The red alga Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis （Bory） is an economically valuable macroalgae. As a means to identify the sex of immature Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis, the amplified fragment length polymorphism （AFLP） technique was used to search for possible sex- or phase-related markers in male gametophytes, female gametophytes, and tetrasporophytes, respectively. Seven AFLP selective amplification primers were used in this study. The primer combination E-TG/M-CCA detected a specific band linked to male gametophytes. The DNA fragment was recovered and a 402-bp fragment was sequenced. However, no DNA sequence match was found in public databases. Sequence characterized amplified region （SCAR） primers were designed from the sequence to test the repeatability of the relationship to the sex, using 69 male gametophytes, 139 female gametophytes, and 47 tetrasporophytes. The test results demonstrate a good linkage and repeatability of the SCAR marker to sex. The SCAR primers developed in this study could reduce the time required for sex identification of Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis by four to six months. This can reduce both the time investment and number of specimens required in breeding experiments.     

Biomass and carbon storage of Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis （Rhodophyta） in Zhanshan Bay,Qingdao, China

Marine macroalgae can absorb carbon and play an important role in carbon sequestration. As an important economic macroalga, Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis has the potential to significantly affect carbon absorption and storage in wave-sheltered intertidal reef systems. However, detailed knowledge on seasonal biomass changes and carbon storage of G. lemaneiformis is lacking, especially in many small and scattered ecosystems. Considering the influence of human activities on wild distribution of G. lemaneiformis, the understanding of seasonal dynamics of an economically important species in nature is necessary. In this study, we first investigated seasonal variations in biomass, coverage area, and carbon storage during low tide from August 2011 to July 2012 in Zhanshan Bay, Qingdao, China. Furthermore, we estimated the carbon storage potential of wild G. lemaneiformis using light use efficiency(LUE). The results show that the standing biomass and coverage area changed significantly with season. However, seasonal variations in carbon content and water content were not obvious, with an average content of 35.1% and 83.64%, respectively. Moreover, carbon storage in individual months varied between 0.67 and 47.03 g C/m 2, and the value of carbon storage was the highest in August and June and the lowest in February. In Zhanshan Bay, LUE of G. lemaneiformis was only 0.23%. If it is increased to the theoretical maximum(5%–6%), the carbon storage will have an increase of at least 21 times compared with the current, which suggested that carbon storage of wild G. lemaneiformis had a high enhancement potential. The study will help to assess a potential role of G. lemaneiformis in reducing atmospheric CO2.     

鄂尔多斯盆地中部上古生界山西组页岩储层特征

鄂尔多斯盆地山西组发育一套厚度大且有勘探潜力的陆海陆过渡相页岩。应用岩芯观察、X衍射、扫描电镜和显微镜观察以及高压压汞等方法,对该盆地中部山西组页岩的岩石学、矿物学、页岩储集空间、孔隙结构和物性特征进行分析研究。结果表明:研究区山西组页岩以黑色泥岩、黑色页岩夹纹层或薄层状深色粉砂岩为主,页岩主要由黏土矿物和石英两类矿物组成,二者平均含量分别为59.6%和36.9%。页岩宏观和微观裂隙发育,显微镜下统计的显微裂缝平均面密度达到116.6/m。除了发育与矿物和成岩作用有关的矿物孔隙外,页岩中有机显微组分发育较多的有机质孔。页岩孔隙度平均为0.77%,渗透率平均为0.06×10-3 μm2。山西组页岩总有机碳（TOC）、镜质体反射率（R_o,%）和黏土矿物含量是影响页岩孔隙度的主要因素,具有正相关性,而石英含量与页岩孔隙度呈一定的负相关关系。山西组页岩中裂缝的普遍发育提高了页岩的渗透率,有利于页岩气聚集成藏。综合分析表明山西组页岩气储层地质条件一般,开发难度较大,但在裂缝发育、物性较好的层位和地区仍具有较好的页岩气资源前景。     

柴达木盆地东坪地区基岩风化壳特征

柴达木盆地阿尔金山前斜坡带发现了规模分布的东坪基岩气田,其基岩风化壳的作用成为关注的问题。依据元素分析、X-射线衍射分析、岩心薄片观察,常规测井响应和成像测井响应特征,识别出东坪地区基岩风化壳发育不同结构层,且不同结构层的储集特征有很大差异。研究表明,基岩风化壳结构可划分为土壤层、完全风化层和半风化层,而半风化层又可进一步分为溶蚀带和崩解带;其中土壤层厚度0~2 m,完全风化层厚度4~15 m,溶蚀带厚度365~164 m,崩解带厚度300~1 000 m。基岩半风化层是储层发育带,其中溶蚀带储集物性好于崩解带,溶蚀带发育较多的溶蚀孔洞和溶蚀加宽的网状裂缝,孔隙度范围2%~16%;而崩解带发育弱溶蚀构造缝和节理缝,孔隙度范围2%~8%。东坪地区大规模发育基岩风化壳为柴达木盆地远离烃源岩灶的斜坡地区寻找油气提供了借鉴依据。     

利用跨断层形变资料研究近期唐山断裂活动性

采用1999年1月～2012年9月唐山台跨断层基线和水准数据资料,计算出唐山断裂水平和垂直形变及断层活动速率.并求解了唐山台站的应变特征和主应变方向,研究了唐山断裂的活动特征,并探讨了唐山断裂活动与地震活动的关系.结果表明,较远区域的大震和本地区中强地震对唐山断裂的水平向张压运动和垂向运动都可能有一定的影响.2003年可能是唐山断裂周边应力场发生较大改变的一年.     

汶川震区暴雨泥石流发生的降雨阈值

搜集了汶川震区暴雨泥石流发生的降雨数据,采用詹氏法和修正法两种雨场分割法对其进行处理,研究了降雨参数（降雨强度、累积雨量和降雨历时）与泥石流发生之间的关系,建立了汶川震区暴雨泥石流发生的降雨阈值模型。结果表明:采用詹氏法和修正法这两种雨场分割方法所获得的降雨参数之间存在差异。两者的累积雨量差异不大,但后者的平均雨强要小于前者,其原因在于修正法改善了詹氏法估计降雨时间过短的缺点,延长了降雨历时。通过分析平均雨强~历时、累积雨量~历时、标准化平均雨强~历时和标准化累积雨量~历时之间的关系,采用单线法建立了汶川震区暴雨泥石流发生的降雨阈值。研究成果在四川省绵竹市清平乡的泥石流灾害事件中进行了应用与验证,结果表明该方法具有合理性和可行性。     

适用于条斑紫菜的双向电泳样品制备方法

为了建立适于条斑紫菜(Porphyra yezoensis)蛋白质组学分析的的样品提取方法, 作者以条斑紫菜叶状体为材料, 比较了饱和硫酸铵沉淀法、三氯乙酸/丙酮沉淀法和酚提取方法3 种方法对条斑紫菜叶状体总蛋白的提取效果。结果表明, 针对条斑紫菜叶状体细胞中含有大量多糖, 多酚化合物, 色素等干扰物质的特点, 通过酚提取方法能有效去除这些干扰杂质, 得到清晰、稳定、干净的双向电泳图谱和相对较多的蛋白质点数, 为提高其他大型海藻的总可溶性蛋白提取效率提供了重要参考。     

基于Fisher判别法的台风暴雨泥石流预测模型

对台风暴雨泥石流发生的可能性进行定量预测,有助于减少危险区内的人员伤亡、降低经济损失。以台湾地区南投县陈有兰溪流域的47条泥石流沟为研究对象,从泥石流形成所需的地形地貌、物源和降雨条件中,初步选取台风暴雨泥石流发生的影响因子,包括沟床平均坡度、有效流域面积、形状系数、主沟长度、岩性、崩滑比和平均雨强。根据因子重要性排序结果,选择崩滑比和平均雨强作为模型的预测因子,基于Fisher判别法建立了台风暴雨泥石流预测模型。采用随机取样技术,选取70%的数据用于构建模型,剩余30%的数据用于验证模型。以精确度、准确率、漏报率和误报率指标,定量评价模型的预测效果,并确定最优的预测模型。结果表明:基于Fisher判别法构建的台风暴雨泥石流预测模型,综合考虑了泥石流形成所需的物源条件和降雨条件,弥补了降雨阈值模型仅依靠降雨资料分析的不足,预测效果更好。