对东海热带气旋登陆后路径趋势的若干探讨

应用相关分析与合成分析方法分析了影响东海热带气旋登陆后路径趋势的若干因素,结果表明：登陆后路径趋势随时间和登陆地点的变化分布说明热带气旋登陆后路径仍受基本气流的引导和制约;热带气旋登陆时的惯性和地转力的变化对东海热带气旋登陆后的路径趋势有一定影响;环境场及其变化对东海热带气旋登陆后路径有较大影响,尤其对流层中层流场对登陆后的热带气旋的移动仍有明显的引导作用;中国东部至黄海区域是环境场影响东海热带气旋登陆路径趋势的关键区,当区域内的西北太平洋副热带高压加强西伸,西风槽北撤时,东海热带气旋登陆后在副高南侧东风气流引导下向内陆西行至消亡,当区域内副高减弱东退,西风槽南压时,东海热带气旋登陆后受副高西侧偏南气流与西风槽前西南气流引导转向后入海;东海热带气旋登陆前的环境场对登陆后路径趋势影响相对较小,登陆后12～24小时是登陆后路径趋势受环境场影响的敏感时段,环境场的变化对登陆后路径趋势的影响要比当前环境场的影响超前6小时。     

AN IMPROVEMENT OF STATISTICAL PREDICTION OF TYPHOON TRACKS

In this paper, a statistical interpretation composite forecast model for typhoon track is set up by using numerical forecast products and several forecast schemes. Tested in 1994 typhoon season, its forecastperformance is much better than that of a previous statistical forecast model. The test shows that it is aneffective method that sufficiently Anproves objective forecast of typhoon track using the numerical forecast output products obtained in forecast and adopting several schemes in composition.     

台风路径统计预报的改进

应用数值预报产品并采用多种预报方案相结合建立了台风路径的统计释用综合预报模式，从而提高了台风路径预报的技巧。经１９９４年台风季节业务试用，其预报性能比原有的统计预报模式有较大的提高，试验表明，充分利用在预报时可得到的数值预报输出产品的采用多种方案集成是改进台风路径客观的有效途径。     

AN OBJECTIVE PREDICTION SCHEME FOR TROPICAL CYCLONES MAKING LANDFALLS IN EASTERN CHINA

The landfall of tropical cyclones in the eastern part of China falls in the category of small probability events. Constructing a step function with intervals adequately divided can help reflect the non-linear distribution of conditional probability for a landfall event. For the prediction of landfall event probability, factors applying the step function in transformation are superior to the standardized factors that are linearly related. The prediction scheme discussed in the work uses transformation factors of step function to formulate prediction models for tropical cyclones making landfalls in eastern China, through screening with non-linear correlative ratios and REEP analysis. Classified models for statistic-synoptics, statistic -climatology and statistic-dynamics have been constructed using initial field data and numerical prediction output. Forecasting skills have been improved due to ensemble of predictions using these classified models. As shown in forecasting evaluations and experiments, the scheme is capable of predicting tropical cyclones that make landfalls in eastern China.     

东海热带气旋登陆后转向入海问题的探讨

应用合成分析及相关分析方法研究了影响热带气旋登陆后转向入海路径趋势的若干因素,结果表明:登陆后转向入海路径趋势随时间和登陆地点的变化分布说明热带气旋登陆后路径仍受基本气流的引导和制约;热带气旋登陆时的惯性和地转力的变化对热带气旋登陆后的路径趋势有一定影响;环境场对热带气旋登陆后转向入海路径有较大影响,尤其对流层中层流场对登陆后的热带气旋的移动仍有明显的引导作用;中国东部至黄海区域是环境场影响热带气旋登陆后转向入海路径趋势的关键区,当区域内西北太平洋副热带高压加强西伸,西风槽北撤,则热带气旋登陆后在副高南侧东风气流引导下向内陆西行至消亡,当区域内副高减弱东退,西风槽南压,则热带气旋登陆后受副高西侧偏南气流与西风槽前西南气流引导转向入海;登陆后18—36h是转向入海路径趋势受环境场影响的敏感时段。     

热带气旋定量降水预报的动力相似方案

该文提出一个热带气旋定量降水预报(QPF) 的动力相似方案。方案应用热带气旋初始参数、历史过程的天气形势场和物理量场及数值预报产品, 构造预报区域内当前时刻至未来时刻环境要素场的多元客观相似判据。通过定义非线性的相似指数综合评估历史热带气旋样本与预报热带气旋在多元判据下的连续动态相似程度, 以此找到相似样本。应用相似样本的历史降水量记录进行相似指数的权重综合, 得到热带气旋未来6~48 h降水量的定点、定量预报值。预报试验表明该方案具有一定的预报技巧。     

汛期大～暴雨的降水概率预报模式

应用阶梯函数变换预报因子 ,经过相关比筛选 ,进行 REEP构造分量级降水概率预报方程 ,应用不同时刻资料和对 NWP产品统计释用方法构造分时刻预报方程 ,并对其预报结果进行了综合的集合预报。实用表明 ,预报模式对大～暴雨的概率具有一定的预报能力。     

THE OBJE CTIVE ANALOGUE PREDICTION MODEL FOR TROPICAL CYCLONE TRACK WITH COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT

An objective analogue prediction model for tropical cyclone (TC) track is put forward that comprehensively assesses the environmental field. With the parameters of the tropical cyclone and environmental field at initial and future time, objective analogue criteria are set up in the model. Analogous samples are recognized by comprehensive assessment to historical TC cases for similarity with multivariate criteria,using non-linear analogue indexes especially defined for the purpose. When the historical tracks are coordinateconverted and weighted with reference to analogue indexes,forecast tracks are determined. As shown in model verification and forecast experiments, the model has forecasting skill.     

穿越副高北上的台风路径预报方案

本文提出一个穿越副高北上的台风路径预报方案。在较严格的初始状态条件下,方案应用环境场的多种参数及其导出因子和统计天气预报方法,进行穿越副高北上台风的12～72小时路径客观预报,预报试验表明,该方案对穿越副高北上台风的路径预报具有一定的技巧。